Ch. 1 & 2 Nutrition

A serving of food supplies 15g carbohydrate, 15g protein, 400ml water, 25mg vitamin C, and 4g fat. According to this information, how many kilocalories are in a serving of this food?

156

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, today's Americans eat more ______ then in 1970

Cheese

Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition?

Chronic alcoholics

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

Consuming St. John's wort to improve mood

Which of the following statements is true?

Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.

Which of the following food-related practices is recommended because it can improve the environment?

Eating smaller food portions

Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?

Epidemiological

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 15 g fat, 18 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

Fat provides the most food energy.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Grapes

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After ten weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him?

He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Heart Disease

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Which of the following statements is true?

Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Stroke

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year scientific study to investigate lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

Sustainable agriculture

Which of the following statements is true?

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

Which of the following statements is false?

The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States?

WIC

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a group of 6-year-old children increase their physical activity level to 60 minutes a day, the children's muscle mass increases.

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative (an inverse) correlation?

When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

added fat

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

added sugars

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an)

antioxidant

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties.

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

diabetes

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Sam wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar-sweetened soft drink that supplies 100 kcal. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, and alcohol. To obtain this value, he should

divide the number of kcal by 4.

A scientist discovers a chemical compound in certain rocks that she calls "stonia." She cannot market extracts that contain stonia as a dietary supplement, because it

does not contain dietary ingredients.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

drinking polluted water.

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.

epidemiological

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ____ study.

epidemiological

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.

epidemiological

According to the U.S. food and drug administration, which of the following substances cannot be classified as a dietary supplement?

Tobacco

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)

anecdote

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an

anecdote

A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

blood type

Which of the following substances is a phytochemical?

caffeine

Generally, epidemiological studies

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

carbohydrates

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

close friends

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

fat-free milk

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?

iron

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain zinc are

placebos

A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of

pseudoscience.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not provide any energy for the human body?

water

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?

protein

Jorge weighs 198 pounds. What is his weight in kilograms?

90

Dietitians often refer to _____ as "empty-calorie" foods.

sugar-sweetened soft drinks

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

total calories

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven."

A serving of food supplies 99 kcal from fat. Based on this information, how many grams of fat are in the serving?

11

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

117

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds.

136

Erika is making a recipe from foods that contain the following nutrients: 120 ml of water, 50 g of fat, 40 g of protein, 500 mg of vitamin C, 235 g of carbohydrate, and 600 mg of calcium. Approximately how many kilocalories does the entire product of this recipe provide?

1550

Archie weighs 72 kg, which is approximately ____ pounds.

158

A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kilocalories, which is the same as _____ calories.

16,000

Jerry's height is 70 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?

178

Maria limits her sodium intake to 2.3 g/day. This amount is equivalent to...

2300 mg/day

A serving of food supplies 100 kcal from protein. Based on this information, how many grams of protein are in the serving?

25

Which of the following statements is true?

A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Which of the following statements is false?

According to scientific research, most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits.

Which of the following statements is true?

Most foods are mixtures of nutrients.

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutrient deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutrients are life-sustaining substances in food.

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient dense?

Peanut butter

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

The energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of

kilocalories

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will

make observations.

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by the diet.

A scientist thinks she has discovered an essential nutrient for humans, because this substance is

needed for the normal development of human cells.

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

retrospective

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a(n) _____ study.

retrospective

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)

scare tactic.

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

testimonial

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of

the placebo effect.