Ch 1

5. What are the three levels of law enforcement expertise established by CTIN?

* Level 1—Acquiring and seizing digital evidence * Level 2—Managing high-tech investigations * Level 3—Specialist training

1. By the 1970s, electronic crimes were increasing, especially in the financial sector.

T

2. To be a successful computer forensics investigator, you must be familiar with more than one computing platform.

T

5. After a judge approves and signs a search warrant, it's ready to be executed, meaning you can collect evidence as defined by the warrant.

T

5. By the early 1990s, the ____ introduced training on software for forensics investigations. a. IACIS b. FLETC c. CERT d. DDBIA

a.

____ involves recovering information from a computer that was deleted by mistake or lost during a power surge or server crash, for example. a. Data recovery b. Network forensics c. Computer forensics d. Disaster recovery

a.

Managing high-tech investigations

teaching investigators what to ask for, and understanding computer terminology and what can and can't be retrieved from digital evidence. The assigned detectives usually handle the case.

4. When you work in the ____________________ group, you test and verify the integrity of standalone workstations and network servers.

vulnerability assessment and risk management

____________________ involves obtaining and analyzing digital information for use as evidence in civil, criminal, or administrative cases.

Computer forensics

6. What are some of the most common types of corporate computer crime?

Corporate computer crimes can involve e-mail harassment, falsification of data, gender and age discrimination, embezzlement, sabotage, and industrial espionage, which involves selling sensitive or confidential company information to a competitor. Anyone with access to a computer can commit these crimes.

7. What is embezzlement?

Embezzlement is a common computer crime, particularly in small firms. Typically, the owner is busy and trusts one person, such as the office manager, to handle daily transactions. When the office manager leaves, the owner discovers that some clients were overbilled or others were not billed at all, and money is missing. Rebuilding the paper and electronic trail can be tedious. Collecting enough evidence to press charges might be beyond the owner's capabilities.

3. Computer investigations and forensics fall into the same category: public investigations.

F

4. The law of search and seizure protects the rights of all people, excluding people suspected of crimes.

F

1. Briefly describe the triad that makes up computer security.

Investigators often work as a team to make computers and networks secure in an organization. The computer investigations function is one of three in a triad that makes up computing security. In an enterprise network environment, the triad consists of the following parts: * Vulnerability assessment and risk management * Network intrusion detection and incident response * Computer investigations

3. Briefly describe the main characteristics of private investigations.

Private or corporate investigations deal with private companies, non-law-enforcement government agencies, and lawyers. These private organizations aren't governed directly by criminal law or Fourth Amendment issues, but by internal policies that define expected employee behavior and conduct in the workplace. Private corporate investigations also involve litigation disputes. Although private investigations are usually conducted in civil cases, a civil case can escalate into a criminal case, and a criminal case can be reduced to a civil case. If you follow good forensics procedures, the evidence found in your investigations can easily make the transition between civil and criminal cases.

2. Briefly describe the main characteristics of public investigations.

Public investigations involve government agencies responsible for criminal investigations and prosecution. Government agencies range from local, county, and state or provincial police departments to federal regulatory enforcement agencies. These organizations must observe legal guidelines such as Article 8 in the Charter of Rights of Canada, the Criminal Procedures Act of the Republic of Namibia, and U.S. Fourth Amendment issues related to search and seizure rules.

CTIN has established three levels of law enforcement expertise because

To differentiate the training and experience law officers have, CTIN has established three levels of law enforcement expertise:

12. The affidavit must be ____ under sworn oath to verify that the information in the affidavit is true. a. notarized c. recorded b. examined d. challenged

a

3. ____ involves preventing data loss by using backups, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) devices, and a. Computer forensics b. Data recovery c. Disaster recovery d. Network forensics

c.

3. The term ____________________ refers to large corporate computing systems that might include disparate or formerly independent systems.

enterprise network environment

Specialist training

in retrieving digital evidence, normally performed by a data recovery or computer forensics expert, network forensics expert, or Internet fraud investigator. This person might also be qualified to manage a case, depending on his or her background

2. The ____________________ to the U.S. Constitution (and each state's constitution) protects everyone's rights to be secure in their person, residence, and property from search and seizure.

Fourth Amendment

Acquiring and seizing digital evidence

normally performed by a street police officer.

Match each item with a statement below: a. Computer forensics f. HTCIA b. Network forensics g. Affidavit c. Litigation h. Industrial espionage d. Xtree Gold i. Line of authority e. Case law 1. the legal process of proving guilt or innocence in court 2. recognizes file types and retrieves lost or deleted files 3. investigates data that can be retrieved from a computer's hard disk or other storage media 4. sworn statement of support of facts about or evidence of a crime that is submitted to a judge to request a search warrant before seizing evidence 5. allows legal counsel to use previous cases similar to the current one because the laws don't yet exist 6. specifies who has the legal right to initiate an investigation, who can take possession of evidence, and who can have access to evidence 7. organization that exchanges information about techniques related to computer investigations and security 8. yields information about how a perpetrator or an attacker gained access to a network 9. involves selling sensitive or confidential company information to a competitor

1. ANS: C 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: G 5. ANS: E 6. ANS: I 7. ANS: F 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: H

4. What questions should an investigator ask to determine whether a computer crime was committed?

In a criminal case, a suspect is tried for a criminal offense, such as burglary, murder, or molestation. To determine whether there was a computer crime, an investigator asks questions such as the following: What was the tool used to commit the crime? Was it a simple trespass? Was it a theft, a burglary, or vandalism? Did the perpetrator infringe on someone else's rights by cyberstalking or e-mail harassment?

14. A ____ usually appears when a computer starts or connects to the company intranet, network, or virtual private network (VPN) and informs end users that the organization reserves the right to inspect computer systems and network traffic at will. a. warning banner c. line of authority b. right of privacy d. right banner

a

17. In addition to warning banners that state a company's rights of computer ownership, businesses should specify a(n) ____ who has the power to conduct investigations. a. authorized requester c. line of right b. authority of line d. authority of right

a

16. Without a warning banner, employees might have an assumed ____ when using a company's computer systems and network accesses. a. line of authority c. line of privacy b. right of privacy d. line of right

b

18. Most computer investigations in the private sector involve ____. a. e-mail abuse c. Internet abuse b. misuse of computing assets d. VPN abuse

b

21. Maintaining ____ means you must form and sustain unbiased opinions of your cases. a. confidentiality c. integrity b. objectivity d. credibility

b

9. Based on the incident or crime, the complainant makes a(n) ____, an accusation or supposition of fact that a crime has been committed. a. litigation c. blotter b. allegation d. prosecution

b

In the Pacific Northwest, ____ meets monthly to discuss problems that law enforcement and corporations face. a. IACIS c. FTK b. CTIN d. FLETC

b

The ____ group manages investigations and conducts forensic analysis of systems suspected of containing evidence related to an incident or a crime. a. network intrusion detection b. computer investigations c. incident response d. litigation

b.

11. It's the investigator's responsibility to write the affidavit, which must include ____ (evidence) that support the allegation to justify the warrant. a. litigation c. exhibits b. prosecution d. reports

c

15. A(n) ____ is a person using a computer to perform routine tasks other than systems administration. a. complainant c. end user b. user banner d. investigator

c

19. Corporations often follow the ____ doctrine, which is what happens when a civilian or corporate investigative agent delivers evidence to a law enforcement officer. a. silver-tree c. silver-platter b. gold-tree d. gold-platter

c

7. In a ____ case, a suspect is tried for a criminal offense, such as burglary, murder, or molestation. a. corporate c. criminal b. civil d. fourth amendment

c

10. In a criminal or public case, if you have enough information to support a search warrant, the prosecuting attorney might direct you to submit a(n) ____. a. blotter c. litigation report b. exhibit report d. affidavit

d

13. Published company policies provide a(n) ____ for a business to conduct internal investigations. a. litigation path c. line of allegation b. allegation resource d. line of authority

d

20. Your ____ as a computer investigation and forensics analyst is critical because it determines your credibility. a. professional policy c. line of authority b. oath d. professional conduct

d

8. In general, a criminal case follows three stages: the complaint, the investigation, and the ____. a. litigation c. blotter b. allegation d. prosecution

d

1. The FBI ____ was formed in 1984 to handle the increasing number of cases involving digital evidence. a. Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) b. Department of Defense Computer Forensics Laboratory (DCFL) c. DIBS d. Computer Analysis and Response Team (CART)

d.

5. The ____________________ provides a record of clues to crimes that have been committed previously.

police blotter