Ch. 1 Study Quiz Rad Protection

.953 rem is equal to __________ mSv

9.53

Use of radiation within the healing arts did not occur until after Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-ray energy on _________?

November 8, 1895

The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term

Optimization for radiation protection (ORP)

In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program?

Radiation Safety Officer

In a hospital setting, who is directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program?

Radiation Safety Officer

Ionizing radiation is

Radiation that produces positively and negatively charged particles when passing through matter

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to

1/1000 of a sievert

In a team approach to patient care, various participants 1. Assume responsibility for their areas of expertise. 2. Emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team 3. Rotate as the person in charge of the team

1 and 2 only

48.64 mrem is equal to _____ rem

.04864

16 rads is equal to _________ gyt

.16

X-rays and gamma rays have a radiation weighting factor of?

1

Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer? 1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of difficult units of measure 2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient 3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose

1 and 2 only

Effective protective measures take into consideration: 1. both human and environmental physical determinants. 2. technical elements. 3. procedural factors.

1, 2 and 3

Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can "pledge" to image gently. The pledge includes which of the following? 1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year. 2. Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement adjustments to practice processes. 3. Communicate openly with parents.

1, 2 and 3

The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following? 1. Time 2. Distance 3. Shielding

1, 2 and 3

Diagnostic efficacy includes 1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified. 2. obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure. 3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines. 4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.

1, 2, 3 and 4

Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT? 1. Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques 2. Minimum qualifications for medical physicists 3. Documentation of CT radiation doses 4. Management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose

1, 2, 3 and 4

1. Roentgen 2. Rem 3. Rad 4. Coulomb per Kilogram

1. Air Kerma/Gray (a) 2. Sievert 3. Gray (t) 4. Roentgen

1. Amount of radiation intensity produced in air when ionizing radiation is present. 2. Attempts to measure the magnitude of effects radiation has on the human body. 3. Amount of kinetic energy per unit mass that has been absorbed in a material

1. Exposure 2. Effective dose 3. Absorbed dose

256 Sv is equal to _______ rem

25600

BERT is based on an annual U.S. population exposure of approximately _____mSV per year.

3

What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?

Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging

Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?

BERT

Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA?

Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease

Which unit measures the amount of radiation intensity produced in air when ionizing radiation is present?

Coulomb per kilograms

All of the following are consequences of ionization in human cells except for

Creation of new biologic molecules that are not harmful to a living cell

Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified?

Diagnostic efficacy

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?

Effective dose

BERT is used to imply radiation risk: it's not just a means for comparison.

False

Half-life is a term that describes the time it takes for the radiation activity to reduce to 25% of its original activity.

False

What unit is used to measure radiation absorbed dose in the metric International System of Units?

Gray

Typically, people are more willing to accept the risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is

Greater than the risk involved

X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?

Ionizing

Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?

Ionizing radiation

The altered atoms or molecules that make up the charged particles are called ______.

Ions

Which of the following statements below is true?

It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease

What is it called when unstable atoms spontaneously emit particles and energy from the nucleus in an effort to reach stability.

Radioactive disintegration

The ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This information may be helpful to many

Regulatory agencies

If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can

Respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received

When first developed, the branch of medicine using x-rays was called:

Roentgenology

Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to

Suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of biologic damage

Communication is very important when working as a team?

True

Ionization causes unstable atoms

True

The curie and the becquerel measure the rate of nuclear disintegration or decay of a material

True

Which of the following is not a fundamental property of x-rays?

X-rays are positively charged

Which of the following are fundamental properties of x-rays? Select all that apply.

X-rays can penetrate the human body. X-rays form a polyenergetic and heterogeneous beam. X-rays can produce secondary radiation. X-rays are invisible. X-rays can cause some substances to fluoresce.