Ch. 10

REM sleep is normally preceded by stage _______ SWS

2

In the typical sleep pattern of healthy young adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last

40 min

In the first two weeks of life, _______% of sleep consists of _______ sleep.

50; REM

When deprived of cues about time, people tend to show activity cycles that are

A little more then 24 hours long

Prolonged sleep deprivation (~8 days) can lead to

All of the above

If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature, their circannual rhythms will

Become free-running

Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the

Daytime

Which neurohormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight?

Melatonin

Which of the following has not been found to demonstrate a circadian rhythm?

None of the above

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in _______ just before awakening.

REM Sleep

Nightmares are associated with

REM Sleep

Neck and body muscles are completely flaccid during

REM sleep

In healthy young adults, nearly half of all sleep time is spent in

Stage 2 SWS

Sleep enuresis is associated with

Stage 3 SWS

If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours, which of the following occur?

The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm.

Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate

awakening

The pattern of sleep in elderly humans is characterized by increases in

awakenings.

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a day is called

circadian.

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a year is called

circannual.

Destruction of the SCN _______ circadian rhythms.

disrupts

When a hamster or a person continues to display an activity cycle without any external cues about the time of day, the cycle is said to be

free-running.

Humans with sleep apnea show

frequent arousals from sleep

Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of

improving long-term retention.

Stage 3 of human SWS is characterized by

large-amplitude delta waves.

Norepinephrine innervation to the brain comes primarily from the

locus coeruleus.

In comparison with the REM sleep of adults, the REM sleep of young children

makes up a greater proportion of the overall amount of sleep.

If the SCN is transplanted from one animal to another, the animal's rhythmicity will

match the donor's rhythm

The isolated forebrain preparation involves a cut through the

midbrain

The _______ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep.

pontine

Lesions of the _______ produce persistent sleep in animals.

reticular formation

In humans, enhanced serum levels of growth hormone are evident during

slow-wave sleep (SWS).

In humans, somnambulism usually occurs during

stage 3 SWS

The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by

sustained SWS.

A lesion made to the reticular formation will result in a cortical EEG pattern of

sustained sleep.

The attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by

the immediate onset of REM.

It has been proposed that SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the _______, which _______ the reticular formation

tuberomammilary nucleus; actively inhibits