Ch. 10
REM sleep is normally preceded by stage _______ SWS
2
In the typical sleep pattern of healthy young adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last
40 min
In the first two weeks of life, _______% of sleep consists of _______ sleep.
50; REM
When deprived of cues about time, people tend to show activity cycles that are
A little more then 24 hours long
Prolonged sleep deprivation (~8 days) can lead to
All of the above
If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature, their circannual rhythms will
Become free-running
Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the
Daytime
Which neurohormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight?
Melatonin
Which of the following has not been found to demonstrate a circadian rhythm?
None of the above
If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in _______ just before awakening.
REM Sleep
Nightmares are associated with
REM Sleep
Neck and body muscles are completely flaccid during
REM sleep
In healthy young adults, nearly half of all sleep time is spent in
Stage 2 SWS
Sleep enuresis is associated with
Stage 3 SWS
If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours, which of the following occur?
The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm.
Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate
awakening
The pattern of sleep in elderly humans is characterized by increases in
awakenings.
The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a day is called
circadian.
The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a year is called
circannual.
Destruction of the SCN _______ circadian rhythms.
disrupts
When a hamster or a person continues to display an activity cycle without any external cues about the time of day, the cycle is said to be
free-running.
Humans with sleep apnea show
frequent arousals from sleep
Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of
improving long-term retention.
Stage 3 of human SWS is characterized by
large-amplitude delta waves.
Norepinephrine innervation to the brain comes primarily from the
locus coeruleus.
In comparison with the REM sleep of adults, the REM sleep of young children
makes up a greater proportion of the overall amount of sleep.
If the SCN is transplanted from one animal to another, the animal's rhythmicity will
match the donor's rhythm
The isolated forebrain preparation involves a cut through the
midbrain
The _______ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep.
pontine
Lesions of the _______ produce persistent sleep in animals.
reticular formation
In humans, enhanced serum levels of growth hormone are evident during
slow-wave sleep (SWS).
In humans, somnambulism usually occurs during
stage 3 SWS
The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by
sustained SWS.
A lesion made to the reticular formation will result in a cortical EEG pattern of
sustained sleep.
The attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by
the immediate onset of REM.
It has been proposed that SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the _______, which _______ the reticular formation
tuberomammilary nucleus; actively inhibits