CH. 10

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors? a. Agreeableness b. Conscientiousness c. Emotional stability d. Openness to experience e.Extroversion

Agreeableness

Traits of ______ seem to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations. a. likability b. agreeableness c. friendliness d. openness e. sociability

Agreeableness

_____ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

Agreeableness

_____ are judgements about what caused a person's behavior-something about the person or something about the situation.

Attributions

_____ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

Authoritarianism

People with an external locus of control are: a. more achievement oriented. b. better able to handle complex information and problem solving. c. more independent. d. easier to motivate. e. easier to manage.

Easier to manage

When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger positive emotions in employees, this is known as ______.

Emotional Contagion

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors? a. Agreeableness b. Conscientiousness c. Emotional stability d. Openness to experience e.Extroversion

Emotional Stability

The first step toward better time management is to: a. decide the first action. b. empty your head. c. delegate as necessary. d. defer some things to be done later. e. get organized.

Empty your head

Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having a(n): a. external locus of control. b. high conscientiousness. c. sensation and intuition type personality. d. internal locus of control. e.high Mach attitude.

External Locus of Control

(T/F) A positive attitude toward one's job is called cognitive attitude.

False

(T/F) A survey of 75 members of the Stanford Graduate School of Business's Advisory Council revealed that by far the most important capability for managers to develop is self-confidence.

False

(T/F) An internal attribution says something about the situation had caused the person's behavior.

False

(T/F) Extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work are included in Type B behavior pattern.

False

(T/F) Locus of Control refers to an individual's belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

False

(T/F) Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

False

(T/F) Organizations that want to challenge their employees and stay competitive can easily be stress-free.

False

(T/F) Self-Management is NOT a component of emotional intelligence.

False

(T/F) Social awareness is the ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others.

False

(T/F) The last step in getting organized is to empty your head.

False

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the _____.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The _____ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.

Halo Effect

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely? a. High Mach b. Low Mach c. High Feeling d. Low Feeling e.Moderate Thinking

High Mach

Research shows that _____ are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. a. high introverted individuals b. high authoritarians c. high Machs d. low extroverted individuals e.low Machs

High Machs

Frank regretfully missed an important deadline at work. His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." This is an example of what kind of attribution? a. External attribution b. Internal attribution c. Horizontal attribution d. Vertical attribution e. Skewed attribution

Internal Attribution

_____ are stressor associated with relationships in the organization.

Interpersonal Demands

______ refers to a positive attitude toward one's job. . Organizational citizenship b. Job satisfaction c. Cognitive dissonance d. Organizational commitment e. Job involvement

Job Satiscaftion

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally) is called the _____.

Locus of Control

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment, EXCEPT: a. maintaining a secretive culture. b. being honest and trustworthy in business dealings. c. giving employees a say in decisions. d. treating employees fairly. e. offering employees rewards that they value.

Maintaining a secretive culture

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success is referred to as _____.

Organizational Citizenship

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization is called _____.

Organizational Commitment

In which stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns a. Selecting b. Projecting c. Organizing d. Sensing e. Reasoning

Organizing

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process? a. Observing information b. Screening the information c. Selecting what to process d. Organizing the selected data into patterns e. Transmitting the observed information

Organizing the selected data into patterns

The process people use to make sense of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment is referred to as _____.

Perception

Errors in perceptual judgement that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process are called _____.

Perceptual Distortions

An individual's _____ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

Personality

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these, EXCEPT: a. impatience. b. devotion to work. c. aggressiveness. d. relaxed lifestyle. e. extreme competitiveness.

Relaxed lifestyle

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ______.

Role Ambiguity

A high degree of _____ means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence. a. self-management b. social cohesiveness c. social awareness d. relationship management e. self-awareness

Self-Awareness

______ means being conscious of the internal aspects of one's nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people.

Self-Awareness

______ is the ability to engage in self-regulating thoughts and behaviors to accomplish all your tasks and handle challenging situations.

Self-Management

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as: a. locus of control. b. self-confidence. c. self-efficacy. d. perceptual selectivity. e.cognitive dissonance.

Self-efficacy

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit fo good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias? a. Perceptual distortion b. Closure activity c. Self-serving bias d. Stereotyping e. Perceptual grouping

Self-serving bias

_____ Type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information. a. Feeling b. Gut-feel c. Intuitive d. Sensation e. Affective

Sensation

Maliah bases her judgements on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which Myers-Briggs category? a. Judging-Perceiving b. Intuitive-Thinking c. Sensation-Thinking d. Sensation-Feeling e. Intuitive-Feeling

Sensation-Thinking

_____ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual.

Stereotyping

A psychological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an individual is called _____.

Stress

_____ are stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job.

Task Demands

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgement? a. Perceptual defense b. Projection c. Stereotyping d. The halo effect e.Figure-ground

The Halo Effect

(T/F) A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

True

(T/F) An emotion can be though of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

True

(T/F) Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

True

(T/F) People with an internal Locus of Control are easier to motivate because they believe the rewards are the result of their behavior.

True

(T/F) Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity. According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

True

(T/F) The ability to connect to others, build relationships respond to the emotions of others, and influence others is referred to as relationship management.

True

(T/F) The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

True

(T/F) The three options in getting things done are: 1.) Doing it 2.) Delegating it 3.) Deferring it.

True

(T/F) Two important approaches to enhancing self-awareness are soliciting feedback and using self-assessments.

True

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what type of personality? . Type A b. Type B c. Type C d. Type X e. Type Y

Type A

_____ is the behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work.

Type A behavior