ch. 10 - global inequality

factories using child labor

an example of slavery, according to anti-slavery international:

underground economy

an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections -example: Maria babysits for money while in college. because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, she doesn't report her earnings to the IRS.

chattel slavery

a form of slavery in which one person owns another

GINI coefficient

a measure of income inequality between countries using a 100-point-scale, in which 1 represents complete equality & 100 represents the highest possible inequality

global feminization of poverty

a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty

subjective poverty

a state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations

second world

a term from the cold war era that describes nations with moderate economies & standards of living

third world

a term from the cold war era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countries

first world

a term from the cold war era used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies

fourth world

a term that describes stigmatized minority groups ho have no voice or representation on the world stage

modernization theory

a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure & a shift in cultural attitudes towards work

dependency theory

a theory which states that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral & semi-peripheral nations by core nations

gross national income

the income of a nation calculated based on goods & services produced, plus income earned by citizens & corporations headquartered in that country

deindustrialization

the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral & semi-peripheral nations where the costs are lower

capital flight

the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs & resources

core nation countries

the north american free trade agreement (NAFTA) was created by:

relative poverty

the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country

absolute poverty

the state where one is barely able or unable to afford basic necessities -88 million ppl live on less than $1 a day

global stratification

the unequal distribution of resources between countries

true

true or false: chattel slavery is when one person owns another as their property & was practiced during the pre-civil war time in america.

true

true or false: the 2 major issues facing high-income countries are capital flight & deindustrialization.

educating young ppl

what has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America?

africa

which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world?

asia

which continent has the largest number of ppl living in poverty in the world?

lack of education

which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?

GNI

which number does the world bank use to determine the status & classification of each nation?

middle class

which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? -middle class -upper class -lower class -amount of ppl in each class has been the same for past 10 yrs

neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased & appear less athnocentric

which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist? Wallerstein's classification uses....

once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of

which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman & Torche?

more women live in poverty than men

which trend has the world bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?

debt bondage

the act of ppl pledging themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, & are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom

be responsible consumers & research products before buying them

child labor & sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution & even before that. many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. what is one practical way we can try & stop multinational companies from using such labor?

debt accumulation

the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals

global inequality

the concentration of resources in core nations & in the hands of a wealthy minority

core nations

dominant capitalist countries

g.s. only examines environmental inequalities among nations

how is global stratification different from social stratification? -g.s. only examines environmental inequalities among nations -g.s. can only measure the inequalities among purely democratic states -g.s. examines a myriad of diff types of prejudice & inequalities -countries cannot move up & down the g.s. ladder

core nation, peripheral nation, semi peripheral nation

immanuel wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? -super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers -primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation -first world, second world, third world -core nation, peripheral nation, semi peripheral nation

americans want lower prices for their consumable products

in the U.S., where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? (outsourcing = cheap foreign labor)

semi-peripheral nations

in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials & an expanding middle class marketplace

peripheral nations

nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization