ch. 10 - global inequality
factories using child labor
an example of slavery, according to anti-slavery international:
underground economy
an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections -example: Maria babysits for money while in college. because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, she doesn't report her earnings to the IRS.
chattel slavery
a form of slavery in which one person owns another
GINI coefficient
a measure of income inequality between countries using a 100-point-scale, in which 1 represents complete equality & 100 represents the highest possible inequality
global feminization of poverty
a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty
subjective poverty
a state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations
second world
a term from the cold war era that describes nations with moderate economies & standards of living
third world
a term from the cold war era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countries
first world
a term from the cold war era used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies
fourth world
a term that describes stigmatized minority groups ho have no voice or representation on the world stage
modernization theory
a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure & a shift in cultural attitudes towards work
dependency theory
a theory which states that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral & semi-peripheral nations by core nations
gross national income
the income of a nation calculated based on goods & services produced, plus income earned by citizens & corporations headquartered in that country
deindustrialization
the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral & semi-peripheral nations where the costs are lower
capital flight
the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs & resources
core nation countries
the north american free trade agreement (NAFTA) was created by:
relative poverty
the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country
absolute poverty
the state where one is barely able or unable to afford basic necessities -88 million ppl live on less than $1 a day
global stratification
the unequal distribution of resources between countries
true
true or false: chattel slavery is when one person owns another as their property & was practiced during the pre-civil war time in america.
true
true or false: the 2 major issues facing high-income countries are capital flight & deindustrialization.
educating young ppl
what has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America?
africa
which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world?
asia
which continent has the largest number of ppl living in poverty in the world?
lack of education
which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?
GNI
which number does the world bank use to determine the status & classification of each nation?
middle class
which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? -middle class -upper class -lower class -amount of ppl in each class has been the same for past 10 yrs
neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased & appear less athnocentric
which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist? Wallerstein's classification uses....
once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of
which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman & Torche?
more women live in poverty than men
which trend has the world bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?
debt bondage
the act of ppl pledging themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, & are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom
be responsible consumers & research products before buying them
child labor & sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution & even before that. many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. what is one practical way we can try & stop multinational companies from using such labor?
debt accumulation
the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals
global inequality
the concentration of resources in core nations & in the hands of a wealthy minority
core nations
dominant capitalist countries
g.s. only examines environmental inequalities among nations
how is global stratification different from social stratification? -g.s. only examines environmental inequalities among nations -g.s. can only measure the inequalities among purely democratic states -g.s. examines a myriad of diff types of prejudice & inequalities -countries cannot move up & down the g.s. ladder
core nation, peripheral nation, semi peripheral nation
immanuel wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? -super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers -primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation -first world, second world, third world -core nation, peripheral nation, semi peripheral nation
americans want lower prices for their consumable products
in the U.S., where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? (outsourcing = cheap foreign labor)
semi-peripheral nations
in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials & an expanding middle class marketplace
peripheral nations
nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization