CH 10
Vroom's motivation theory states that the amount of effort that employees exert on a specific task is based on their _________ of the outcome.
expectations
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ____________
motivation
Herzberg studied the relationship between ______.
motivation and job-related factors
The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?
Drucker's goal-setting theory
To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?
Herzberg's higher-level motivators
What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?
Increase worker productivity Benefit the worker Benefit the firm
According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?
Individual decision making Rapid promotion
Millennials generally don't remember a time without the ________
Internet
Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.
People like to work. People seek responsibility.
What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?
Time-motion
According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for _________ are important in attracting and retaining employees.
advancement
Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ________ throughout an organization.
communication
Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ____________ throughout an organization.
communication
While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture. Multiple choice question.
high, low
Management by objectives means that managers:
include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated
A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called _________ _________ _______
management b
Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to _________ employees around the world.
motivate
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.
Workers prefer to avoid responsibility Workers are motivated by fear and punishment
The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) __________ reward.
intrinsic
Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.
motivators
Frederick Taylor was called the _________ of scientific management.
father
Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:
Frederick Taylor
The "Principles of Scientific Management" was written by:
Frederick Taylor
Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?
Scientific
Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?
They focus on career security and change jobs to find it
The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.
increased
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide __________
motivation
Equity theory states that employees:
- compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions - try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it - perceptions of fairness affect motivation
Rewarding _______ __________ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.
Baby boomer
Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?
Drucker's Goal-setting theory
_______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
Equity
True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".
False
The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:
Gen X
Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers?
McGregor's Theory X McGregor's Theory Y
Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?
Sense of achievement
According to Herzberg's study, which of the following were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?
Sense of achievement Earned recognition for a job
What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?
To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation To monitor the results of implementing goals To reward the accomplishment of organization goals
Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:
amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome
McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ________ about workers' attitudes toward work.
assumption
McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ___________ about workers' attitudes toward work.
assumptions
Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ________ to solve problems and meet objectives.
autonomy
Rewarding ______ ________ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.
baby boomer
Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z expect change to be the main ______ in their lives.
constant
When using MBO, a manager must
develop commitment to goals formulate goals cooperatively with employees
Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ___________ in the early Twentieth century.
efficiency
The goal of time motion studies is to increase ______
efficiency
Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with _______ because they want more of it themselves
feedback
Gen X managers understand that:
flexibility and consensus building work well there is more to life than work results are more important than hours spent in the workplace
Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the ________ to control their own work.
freedom
________- _________ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.
goal setting
An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers __________ work.
like
According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n) _________
motivator
According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n) ____________ .
motivator
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:
naturally like to work
More people leave their jobs for:
opportunities to advance their careers
The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions
During the second set of Hawthorne Experiments,
researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity
To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:
respecting workers developing workers' skills allowing autonomy
Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?
rules of work method time
Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _______ ________
scientific management
The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of
scientific management
A culture that focuses on the _________ and views relationship building as a waste of time is a low-context culture.
task
Taylor's method was to:
teach people the one best way to do their jobs determine the one "best" way study the most efficient way to do a task
Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the _________ needed for each is time-motion study.
time
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as: Multiple choice question.
wishing to avoid responsibility
Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory ________ manager.
x
The elements of scientific management include:
time method rules of work
Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?
Intrinsic reward
A(n) _______ - ________ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.
time-motion
According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type _____________ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.
A
________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
Equity
Frederick Taylor wrote:
The Principles of Scientific Management
If one manager views most employees as motivated to do work while a second manager views most employees as lazy, they are operating under which of the following management theories respectively?
Theory Y and Theory X
When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employees to the goals, monitor progress, and _____________ accomplishments.
reward
Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:
that generations have different cultures familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world understanding of different cultures within a country
The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:
the findings were used to set standards and goals
Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of:
a time-motion study
Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create ______ security.
career
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, after you have eaten, you are no longer ________ to find food.
motivated
The goal of time motion studies is to increase __________
efficiency
Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:
empowerment