CH 10

Vroom's motivation theory states that the amount of effort that employees exert on a specific task is based on their _________ of the outcome.

expectations

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ____________

motivation

Herzberg studied the relationship between ______.

motivation and job-related factors

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

Increase worker productivity Benefit the worker Benefit the firm

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

Individual decision making Rapid promotion

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the ________

Internet

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

People like to work. People seek responsibility.

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time-motion

According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for _________ are important in attracting and retaining employees.

advancement

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ________ throughout an organization.

communication

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ____________ throughout an organization.

communication

While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture. Multiple choice question.

high, low

Management by objectives means that managers:

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called _________ _________ _______

management b

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to _________ employees around the world.

motivate

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.

Workers prefer to avoid responsibility Workers are motivated by fear and punishment

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) __________ reward.

intrinsic

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

motivators

Frederick Taylor was called the _________ of scientific management.

father

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:

Frederick Taylor

The "Principles of Scientific Management" was written by:

Frederick Taylor

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.

increased

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide __________

motivation

Equity theory states that employees:

- compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions - try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it - perceptions of fairness affect motivation

Rewarding _______ __________ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.

Baby boomer

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

_______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

Equity

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:

Gen X

Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory X McGregor's Theory Y

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

According to Herzberg's study, which of the following were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?

Sense of achievement Earned recognition for a job

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation To monitor the results of implementing goals To reward the accomplishment of organization goals

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ________ about workers' attitudes toward work.

assumption

McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ___________ about workers' attitudes toward work.

assumptions

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ________ to solve problems and meet objectives.

autonomy

Rewarding ______ ________ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.

baby boomer

Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z expect change to be the main ______ in their lives.

constant

When using MBO, a manager must

develop commitment to goals formulate goals cooperatively with employees

Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ___________ in the early Twentieth century.

efficiency

The goal of time motion studies is to increase ______

efficiency

Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with _______ because they want more of it themselves

feedback

Gen X managers understand that:

flexibility and consensus building work well there is more to life than work results are more important than hours spent in the workplace

Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the ________ to control their own work.

freedom

________- _________ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

goal setting

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers __________ work.

like

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n) _________

motivator

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n) ____________ .

motivator

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:

naturally like to work

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

During the second set of Hawthorne Experiments,

researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

respecting workers developing workers' skills allowing autonomy

Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

rules of work method time

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _______ ________

scientific management

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of

scientific management

A culture that focuses on the _________ and views relationship building as a waste of time is a low-context culture.

task

Taylor's method was to:

teach people the one best way to do their jobs determine the one "best" way study the most efficient way to do a task

Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the _________ needed for each is time-motion study.

time

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as: Multiple choice question.

wishing to avoid responsibility

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory ________ manager.

x

The elements of scientific management include:

time method rules of work

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic reward

A(n) _______ - ________ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.

time-motion

According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type _____________ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.

A

________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

Equity

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

If one manager views most employees as motivated to do work while a second manager views most employees as lazy, they are operating under which of the following management theories respectively?

Theory Y and Theory X

When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employees to the goals, monitor progress, and _____________ accomplishments.

reward

Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:

that generations have different cultures familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world understanding of different cultures within a country

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of:

a time-motion study

Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create ______ security.

career

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, after you have eaten, you are no longer ________ to find food.

motivated

The goal of time motion studies is to increase __________

efficiency

Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:

empowerment