Ch. 10 Sense Organs
Normal upper end of temperature reference range of a goat is 103.5. What can be the maximum body temperature compatible to life for this goat?
113.5 or 10 degrees above the normal temperature
Near and far visions are accommodated through the muscles of the:
Ciliary body
Portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye; ring-shaped structure located immediately behind the iris
Ciliary body
The __________ __________ is the muscular ring of tissue that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape.
Ciliary body
In what structure are the sensory receptors for hearing located?
Cochlea
Snail shell-shaped cavity in the temporal bone of the skull that contains the hearing portion of the inner ear
Cochlea
Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that perceive color and detail
Cones
What is the third eyelid covered with?
Conjunctiva
Space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva; the space between the eyelid and the eyeball
Conjunctival sac
Eardrum is made up of what?
Connective tissue membrane
All of the light that enters the eye enters through the what?
Cornea
What is the clear "window" that admits light to the interior of the eye?
Cornea
Small skeletal muscles that move and position the eyeballs
Extraocular muscles
The hearing sensory receptors are found in the what?
Inner ear
Pain preception
Nociception
The pain experiencing sense is also known as the _____ sense.
Nociception
Hunger is the sense depended on?
Chemical
The process of changing the shape of the lens to allow close up and distance vision
Accommodation
Portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye; consist mainly of pigment and blood vessels and is located between the sclera and the retina
Choroid
When does windup occur in animals?
Anesthesia
Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye in front of the iris
Anterior chamber
Compartment of the eye in front of the lens and ciliary body
Aqueous compartment
Watery fluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye
Aqueous humor
The only place in the body where there is no pain receptors is _______.
Brain
Transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball
Bulbar conjunctiva
Corner of the eyelids where they come together
Canthus
Sense organs contain modified nerve endings called _______ that act as a sensory receptor.
Dendrites
Are rods used for detail and color or dim light vision?
Dim light vision
What 3 structures make up the ear flap?
Elastic cartilage, small blood vessels, epithelial cells
Function of the eustachian tube is to what?
Equalizes the air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane
The _________ _________ connects the middle ear with the pharynx.
Eustachian tube
In what area of the ear are ear mites most commonly found?
External auditory canal
Outer portion of the ear
External ear
Sense of taste
Gustatory sense
Sensory organs and structures associated with special senses are located in the what?
Head
Which sense depends on mechanical stimulation?
Hearing
Central temperature receptors are located in the _______ of the CNS(Central Nervous System)
Hypothalamus
Middle of the three ossicles; called anvil
Incus
All factor sensors are found in the what?
Nasal passage
Most internal portion of the ear; contained in the temporal bone and contains both hearing and equilibrium structures
Internal ear
Portion of the uvea, middle vascular layer of the eye; pigmented muscular diaphragm that controls the amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball
Iris
The _______ is the "colored part" of the eye that is visible externally.
Iris
Main tear-producing gland
Lacrimal glands
The _________ _________ is the tiny hole in the medial canthus of the eyelid that allows tears to drain away from the eyes.
Lacrimal puncta
Lateral corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids come togheter
Lateral canthus
Soft, transparent structure in the eye made up of layers of microscopic fibers; main function- help focus a clear image on the retina
Lens
What adjustable eye structure helps focus a clear image on the retina?
Lens
Junction of the cornea and sclera of the eye
Limbus
What is the name for the junction between the cornea and the sclera of the eye?
Limbus
Tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the naval cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
Outermost of the three ossicles; also called the hammer; attached to the tympanic membrane
Malleus
Medial corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids come together
Medial canthus
Middle portion of the ear, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull; contains the ossicles and the opening of the Eustachian tube; amplifies and transmits sound wave vibrations form the tympanic membrane to the cochlea
Middle ear
Amplification or suppression of the nerve impulse in the spinal cord
Modulation
Sense of smell
Olfactory sense
Area where half the fibers of each optic nerve cross to the other side of the brain
Optic chaism
Area of the retina where nerve fibers on its surface converge to form the beginning of the optic nerve
Optic disc
What is the "blind spot" of the eye?
Optic disc
Formed from retinal nerve fibers; carries visual nerve impulses to the optic chiasm and on the brain
Optic nerve
Skull bones that are the bones of the ear; transmit sound wave vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
Ossicles
Tiny crystals of calcium carbonate that lie in the gelatinous matrix that covers the hair cells of the macula; help the macula keep track of the position of the head
Otoliths
When stretched, most hollow organs do what?
Pain
Transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
Pain is consciously felt by the animal
Perception
Sensory receptors that convert photons of light energy to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as vision
Photoreceptors
Externally visible part of the ear that collects sounds waves and funnels them down into the external ear canal
Pinna
Part of the ear that is visible on the outside of the ear is?
Pinna
What is the external flap of the ear called?
Pinna
Vestibule is primarily responsible for sensing what?
Position of the head
Opening at the center of the diaphragm of the eye
Pupil
Opening in the center of the iris
Pupil
Core temperature of the cow is taken:
Rectum
Inner nervous layer of the eye where the photoreceptors are located
Retina
What structure of the eye contains the rods and cones?
Retina
Do domestic animals have more rods or cones in their retinas?
Rods
White portion of the eye; part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball
Sclera
Sense rotary motion of the head
Semicircular canals
The 6 extractor muscles that attach to the sclera are what kind of muscle?
Skeletal
Modulation of sensory nerve impulse occurs in the what?
Spinal cord
Innermost of the three ossicles; attached to the membrane that covers the oval window of the cochlea
Stapes
Most medial of the ossicles is the what?
Stapes
Touch is also known as the ________ sense.
Tactile
Highly reflective area of the choroid in the back of the eye of most domestic animals; acts as a light amplifier
Tapetum
What causes the green reflection from the eyes of an animal in photographs or at night?
Tapetum
Glands of the eyelid margins that produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the animal's face
Tasal glands
Structures found mainly on certain papillae of the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste
Taste buds
Which bone of the skull holds the middle and inner ear?
Temporal
Soft, gelatinous fluid that fills the vitreous compartment of the eye
Vitreous humor
T-shaped plate of cartilage covered by conjunctiva located medially between the eyelids and the eyeball
Third eyelid
Conversion of the painful stimulus to a nerve impulse
Transduction
Transmits the nerve impulse up the sensory nerve fibers to the spinal cord
Transmission
Eardrum; paper-thin connective tissue membrane that is tightly stretched across the opening of the external ear canal into the middle ear
Tympanic membrane
What is the tiny membrane of connective tissue at the end of the external ear canal that vibrates in response to sound waves?
Tympanic membrane
Middle vascular layer of the eye
Uvea
Portion of the inner ear that senses position and linear motion of the head
Vestibule
Equilibrium is maintained through simulation of sensory receptors in the what?
Vestibules and semicircular canals
Homeostasis the balance of nutrients and fluids in the body depends on what sensations?
Visceral
Compartment of the eye behind the lens and ciliary body
Vitreous compartment
