Ch. 10 Sense Organs

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Normal upper end of temperature reference range of a goat is 103.5. What can be the maximum body temperature compatible to life for this goat?

113.5 or 10 degrees above the normal temperature

Near and far visions are accommodated through the muscles of the:

Ciliary body

Portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye; ring-shaped structure located immediately behind the iris

Ciliary body

The __________ __________ is the muscular ring of tissue that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape.

Ciliary body

In what structure are the sensory receptors for hearing located?

Cochlea

Snail shell-shaped cavity in the temporal bone of the skull that contains the hearing portion of the inner ear

Cochlea

Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that perceive color and detail

Cones

What is the third eyelid covered with?

Conjunctiva

Space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva; the space between the eyelid and the eyeball

Conjunctival sac

Eardrum is made up of what?

Connective tissue membrane

All of the light that enters the eye enters through the what?

Cornea

What is the clear "window" that admits light to the interior of the eye?

Cornea

Small skeletal muscles that move and position the eyeballs

Extraocular muscles

The hearing sensory receptors are found in the what?

Inner ear

Pain preception

Nociception

The pain experiencing sense is also known as the _____ sense.

Nociception

Hunger is the sense depended on?

Chemical

The process of changing the shape of the lens to allow close up and distance vision

Accommodation

Portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye; consist mainly of pigment and blood vessels and is located between the sclera and the retina

Choroid

When does windup occur in animals?

Anesthesia

Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye in front of the iris

Anterior chamber

Compartment of the eye in front of the lens and ciliary body

Aqueous compartment

Watery fluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye

Aqueous humor

The only place in the body where there is no pain receptors is _______.

Brain

Transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball

Bulbar conjunctiva

Corner of the eyelids where they come together

Canthus

Sense organs contain modified nerve endings called _______ that act as a sensory receptor.

Dendrites

Are rods used for detail and color or dim light vision?

Dim light vision

What 3 structures make up the ear flap?

Elastic cartilage, small blood vessels, epithelial cells

Function of the eustachian tube is to what?

Equalizes the air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane

The _________ _________ connects the middle ear with the pharynx.

Eustachian tube

In what area of the ear are ear mites most commonly found?

External auditory canal

Outer portion of the ear

External ear

Sense of taste

Gustatory sense

Sensory organs and structures associated with special senses are located in the what?

Head

Which sense depends on mechanical stimulation?

Hearing

Central temperature receptors are located in the _______ of the CNS(Central Nervous System)

Hypothalamus

Middle of the three ossicles; called anvil

Incus

All factor sensors are found in the what?

Nasal passage

Most internal portion of the ear; contained in the temporal bone and contains both hearing and equilibrium structures

Internal ear

Portion of the uvea, middle vascular layer of the eye; pigmented muscular diaphragm that controls the amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball

Iris

The _______ is the "colored part" of the eye that is visible externally.

Iris

Main tear-producing gland

Lacrimal glands

The _________ _________ is the tiny hole in the medial canthus of the eyelid that allows tears to drain away from the eyes.

Lacrimal puncta

Lateral corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids come togheter

Lateral canthus

Soft, transparent structure in the eye made up of layers of microscopic fibers; main function- help focus a clear image on the retina

Lens

What adjustable eye structure helps focus a clear image on the retina?

Lens

Junction of the cornea and sclera of the eye

Limbus

What is the name for the junction between the cornea and the sclera of the eye?

Limbus

Tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the naval cavity

Nasolacrimal duct

Outermost of the three ossicles; also called the hammer; attached to the tympanic membrane

Malleus

Medial corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids come together

Medial canthus

Middle portion of the ear, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull; contains the ossicles and the opening of the Eustachian tube; amplifies and transmits sound wave vibrations form the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

Middle ear

Amplification or suppression of the nerve impulse in the spinal cord

Modulation

Sense of smell

Olfactory sense

Area where half the fibers of each optic nerve cross to the other side of the brain

Optic chaism

Area of the retina where nerve fibers on its surface converge to form the beginning of the optic nerve

Optic disc

What is the "blind spot" of the eye?

Optic disc

Formed from retinal nerve fibers; carries visual nerve impulses to the optic chiasm and on the brain

Optic nerve

Skull bones that are the bones of the ear; transmit sound wave vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

Ossicles

Tiny crystals of calcium carbonate that lie in the gelatinous matrix that covers the hair cells of the macula; help the macula keep track of the position of the head

Otoliths

When stretched, most hollow organs do what?

Pain

Transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid

Palpebral conjunctiva

Pain is consciously felt by the animal

Perception

Sensory receptors that convert photons of light energy to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as vision

Photoreceptors

Externally visible part of the ear that collects sounds waves and funnels them down into the external ear canal

Pinna

Part of the ear that is visible on the outside of the ear is?

Pinna

What is the external flap of the ear called?

Pinna

Vestibule is primarily responsible for sensing what?

Position of the head

Opening at the center of the diaphragm of the eye

Pupil

Opening in the center of the iris

Pupil

Core temperature of the cow is taken:

Rectum

Inner nervous layer of the eye where the photoreceptors are located

Retina

What structure of the eye contains the rods and cones?

Retina

Do domestic animals have more rods or cones in their retinas?

Rods

White portion of the eye; part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball

Sclera

Sense rotary motion of the head

Semicircular canals

The 6 extractor muscles that attach to the sclera are what kind of muscle?

Skeletal

Modulation of sensory nerve impulse occurs in the what?

Spinal cord

Innermost of the three ossicles; attached to the membrane that covers the oval window of the cochlea

Stapes

Most medial of the ossicles is the what?

Stapes

Touch is also known as the ________ sense.

Tactile

Highly reflective area of the choroid in the back of the eye of most domestic animals; acts as a light amplifier

Tapetum

What causes the green reflection from the eyes of an animal in photographs or at night?

Tapetum

Glands of the eyelid margins that produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the animal's face

Tasal glands

Structures found mainly on certain papillae of the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste

Taste buds

Which bone of the skull holds the middle and inner ear?

Temporal

Soft, gelatinous fluid that fills the vitreous compartment of the eye

Vitreous humor

T-shaped plate of cartilage covered by conjunctiva located medially between the eyelids and the eyeball

Third eyelid

Conversion of the painful stimulus to a nerve impulse

Transduction

Transmits the nerve impulse up the sensory nerve fibers to the spinal cord

Transmission

Eardrum; paper-thin connective tissue membrane that is tightly stretched across the opening of the external ear canal into the middle ear

Tympanic membrane

What is the tiny membrane of connective tissue at the end of the external ear canal that vibrates in response to sound waves?

Tympanic membrane

Middle vascular layer of the eye

Uvea

Portion of the inner ear that senses position and linear motion of the head

Vestibule

Equilibrium is maintained through simulation of sensory receptors in the what?

Vestibules and semicircular canals

Homeostasis the balance of nutrients and fluids in the body depends on what sensations?

Visceral

Compartment of the eye behind the lens and ciliary body

Vitreous compartment


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