chapters 18-22 questions
what is a brief description of damage/symptoms of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns?
1st degree burns affect the epidermis (outer layer of skin). the skin will be red and pain is present. 2nd degree burns affect the epidermis and the dermis (the deeper layer of the skin). Some skin damage: including redness, pain, swelling, and blistering. 3rd degree burns, affect the epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissue. Skin damage includes; serious scaring; muscle and bone may be affected; white or charred skin; pain; swelling; and peeing skin
generally speaking, how long should warm or cold applications be applied for?
20 minutes
what is the acronym for a resident who can bear some weight on one or both legs postoperatively?
PWB (partial weight-bearing)
what is the most common cause of dementia?
alzheimer's disease
what are normal related changes in the musculoskeletal system?
muscles weaken and lose tone, bones lose calcium, causing them to become porous and brittle (easily broken), height is gradually lost due to shrinking of the space between the vertebrae in the spine, and joints become less flexible and are stiffer, which slows normal body movements and decrease range of motion
what is the basic unit of the nervous system?
neuron
does a person usually overcome major depressive disorder through sheer will?
no
what should an NA do if a resident makes comments or jokes about suicide?
notify the nurse immediately
what are 3 signs of poor circulation due to elastic bandages that need to be reported?
numbness or tingling, complaints of bandage feeling too tight, and swelling
if a resident with AD loses interest in an activity, what should the NA do?
offer another activity
when a resident with alzheimer's disease repeats an action over and over they are..
preservation
what are four functions of the integumentary system?
protect internal organs from injury, protect body against bacteria and other pathogens, prevent the loss of too much water, and regulate the body's temperature
what is the process of inhaling and exhaling is referred to as?
respiration
what are normal age-related changes in the nervous systems?
responses and reflexes slow, some memory loss occurs (especially short-term), sensitivity of nerve endings in skin decreases, resulting in diminished sense of touch, some hearing loss occurs, and senses of vision, smell, and taste weaken.
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
serve as an air filter, cleaning the inhaled air, supply oxygen to body cells, remove carbon dioxide, and produce the sounds associated with speech
what are the three types of muscles that are found in the human body?
skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles
what is the difference between latent TB infection and TB disease?
someone with latent TB carries the disease but does not show symptoms and cannot infect others. someone with TB shows symptoms and can infect others
if a resident makes a comment about a dead relative or friend meeting them at a restaurant for dinner, what should the NA do?
the NA should ask him what restaurant he is going to and what he will have
when a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs on the left side of the brain, which side of the body will be affected?
the right side
when assisting a resident who had a CVA with eating, in which side of the residents mouth should food be placed?
the stronger side
when helping a resident who has had a hip replacement get dressed, how should the nursing assistant (NA) begin?
the weaker side
what can happen to bones when they become brittle?
they can break much easier
why is it important for a resident to take all prescribed medication if they have TB?
they may develop multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), meaning they are resistant to the medication used to treat TB
why might a person with COPD be fearful or anxious?
they may fear suffocation
what is phantom sensation?
tingling from a body part that has been amputated
why is it important for NAs to encourage independence for as long as possible for residents who have alzheimer's disease?
to keep the body and mind as active as possible
what are four functions of blood?
transportation, temperature and pH regulation, removes carbon dioxide and other waste, and clots and fights pathogens and poisons.
what is a way for an NA to help a resident who has AD with their nutritional needs?
use a plain plate without patterns and one eating utensil for meals
under what circumstances are sterile dressings used?
when a wound is new, open, or draining. they are also required when there is a higher risk of infection.
what are eight normal age-related changes of the integumentary system?
amount of fat and collagen decrease, causing skin to sag, elastic fibers lose elasticity, causing wrinkles, hair and nail growth slows, skin becomes drier due to decreased production of perspiration and oil, skin becomes thinner and more fragile, causing more frequent skin injuries, tearing and infections, protective fatty tissue layer thins, so the person feels colder, hair thins and turns gray, due to a decrease in the melanocyte activity, and brown spots on the skin may appear due to an increase in production of certain melanocytes in areas exposed to the sun.
when a resident with AD continues asking the same question, what should the NA do?
answer the question, using the same words each time
where does the skin breakdown often occur?
areas that bear the most amount of weight
how often should a resident in a wheelchair change positions to prevent pressure injuries?
at least every hour
why is it important not to use rubbing alcohol to clean artificial eyes?
because the eye can be damaged
what makes up the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
what are the functions of the nervous systems?
control and coordinate mental processes and voluntary movements, provide reflex centers for heartbeat and respiration, and sense and respond to changes occurring both inside and outside of the body
if a resident with AD contradicts themselves, what should an NA NOT do?
correct them and tell them they said something different from that before
what makes up the peripheral nervous system?
cranial and spinal nerves
how is scabies usually transmitted?
direct person to person contact
under what circumstances are non sterile dressings usually used?
dry wounds that have less chance of infection
when is the best time of day to collect a sputum specimen?
early morning
why is preventing falls so important for elderly residents?
falls cause fractures, and can cause other problems related to physical injuries, such as immobility, dehydration, and pressure injuries.
what are three common symptoms of anemia?
fatigue, weakness, and pale skin
what are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?
give shape and form to body, maintain posture, permit movement, protect internal organs, store calcium and phosphorus, produce heat, and produce some blood cells.
what puts a person at higher risk for substance abuse?
having a mental health disorder
what are three normal age-related changes of the circulatory system?
heart pumps less efficiently, blood vessels narrow and become less elastic, and blood flow decreases
when should elastic stockings be applied?
in the morning
what are six normal age-related changes to the respiratory system?
lung strength decreases, air sacs become less elastic and decrease in number, airways become less elastic, lung capacity decreases, chest muscles become weaker, and cough reflex becomes less effective and cough becomes weaker
how many degrees should a resident who is recovering from a total hip replacement NOT bend or flex the hip at?
more than 90 degrees
what happens when a muscle atrophies?
muscle wastes away, decreases in size, and weakens
