Ch 11

A PAC can contribute to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year. $5,000 $5.000.000 $50,000 $500 $500,000

$5,000

What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence? Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization. Lobbying involves recruiting candidates to run of government offices. Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves. Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a _________ purposive benefit solidary benefit promotion offer material benefit

Material benefit

Which of the following is NOT a key organizational component of interest groups? members newsletter and website money an agency or office

Newsletter and website

Another name for lobbying is ______ stalking litigating petitioning mobilizing soliciting

Petitioning

Which of the following has been eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign finance reforms? grassroots mobilization PACS Interest group lobbying soft money

Soft money

Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often called _______ partisans amicus curiae stakeholders iron triangles lobbyists

Stakeholders

The practice of lobbying is protected by the First Amendment the personal relationships between lobbyists and politicians a 1961 Supreme Court decision internal rules of Congress state and federal laws dating from the 1930s

The First Amendment

An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency. a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts. the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts. the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups. an interest group, executive agency, and the media.

A legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called ________ an iron triangle membership association a 527 committee the New Politics movement an issue network

An issue network

A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a ________ collective good solidary benefit right free rider

Collective good

James Madison called an interest group a _______. corporation plutocracy faction mob social movement

Faction

What happened in the late nineteenth century? Federal officials attempted to regulate more aspects of interstate commerce and combat monopolles. The Civil War ended. The Constitution was ratified. The New Deal policies were implemented.

Federal officials attempted to regulate more aspects of interstate commerce and combat monopolles.

The Christian Coalition is a(n) ______ group. business ideological professional public interest labor

Ideological

What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials? money campaign workers media coverage information

Information

________ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicted in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws. Valerie Plame Michael Bloomberg Jack Abramoff Karl Rove Paul Wolfowitz

Jack Abramoff

The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations are examples of __________ public interest groups labor groups business groups ideological groups

Labor groups

Interest groups most effectively serve ________ racial and ethnic minorities the working classes the upper classes the powerless

The upper classes

Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group? Marbury v. Madison (1803) United States v. Nixon (1974) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Roe v. Wade (1973)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)

Lobbyists have substantial influence In setting the political agenda. help to craft specific legislation. build coalitions around specific policy issues, all of other answers are correct.

all of other answers are correct.

In the lobbying world, to be "Microsofted" means that a company has only lobbied members of one political party, who have just lost their majority. become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government. allowed other companies to become free-riders on its costly lobbying efforts. been legally prohibited from tobbying members of Congress as a result of its overuse of political action committees. lobbied only the federal government, opening itself up to adverse actions by state governments.

become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government.

Since the 1930s, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has _______ remained relatively stagnant dramatically increased dramatically decreased experienced relatively modest decline

dramatically increased

How can interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence? breaking apart iron triangles, directly lobbying judges, and starting political action committees directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges

filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group

What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group? having a higher income and education having an interest shared by others the region of the country in which an individual lives having connections with government officials

having a higher income and education

Most initiative campaigns today are sponsored by political parties seeking to raise public awareness about a particular isue. issue networks that want to change government policies without attracting attention from the public. interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals. candidates for political office-who see it as a way to engage in money swapping.

interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals.

A criticism of interest group pluralism is that its ideals are too closely associated with Marxist-Leninist ideology and are therefore unacceptable. its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources. that it favors the interests of large states over those of small states. that it gives too much influente to religious organizations

its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.

Lobbying is an attempt by an individual or group to influence the law making process by _________ re-electing the incumbent law-makers. putting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature. putting indirect pressure, through phone calls or e-mails, on members of Congress or a state legislature. putting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

putting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

Organized interest groups enhance American democracy by financing large numbers of election campaigns. fielding large numbers of electable candidates. representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation. placing initiatives on the ballót.

representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation.

Which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation? the AARP the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People the National Chamber of Commerce the National Rifle Association the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people who identify as Democrats. who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations. from the lower socioeconomic levels. with higher levels of income and education.

with higher levels of income and education.