Ch. 11

Freud is to the psychoanalytic perspective on personality as _____ is to the _____ perspective.

Bandura; social cognitive

_____ was the Swiss psychiatrist who developed his own psychoanalytic theory of personality. This theory stressed striving toward psychological harmony and included the key ideas of the collective unconscious and archetypes.

Carl Jung

When Romwaldo was given the results of his psychological test, he was told that he scored high on the extraverted-stable dimension, and thus has a tendency to be sociable, outgoing, talkative, and responsive. This description of Romwaldo's source and surface traits is most consistent with:

Hans Eysenck's view of personality.

Raffi is shown a series of cards with ambiguous scenes and is told to make up a story about each one, describing the characters' feelings and their motives. Raffi has been given the:

Thematic Apperception Test

According to Freud, why do fixations occur throughout the psychosexual stages?

They occur because of either deprivation or overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.

John always wears a cowboy hat and cowboy boots. He is a heavy beer drinker, fiercely patriotic, and is friendly with everyone. How can one easily sum up John's characteristics?

Think of them as components of his personality.

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of:

a projective test.

Faruk attends parties frequently, is rated as popular, and is often the leader of a group. Faruk would probably score high on:

extraversion.

Veda is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures:

extraversion.

Psychologists would use _____ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (e.g., ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance).

factor analysis

Jahi could be described as a person who has a flexible, constantly evolving self-concept and is realistic, open to new experiences, and capable of changing in response to new experiences. Carl Rogers would characterize Jahi as a(n):

fully functioning person.

According to the Science Versus Pseudoscience box entitled "Graphology: the "Write" Way to Assess Personality," graphologists' claims that handwriting reveals temperament, personality traits, intelligence, and reasoning ability:

have not been supported by scientific research.

Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible. This reflects a defense mechanism called:

identification

When Cindy was given the Rorschach Inkblot Test, she reported seeing a number of inanimate objects and some animal figures and tended to concentrate on very small details in each inkblot. Her therapist observed her behavior, gestures, and reactions as she responded to each card. It is MOST probable that her therapist is:

interested in her unconscious conflicts, motives, and psychological defenses.

According to the psychoanalytic approach, what makes a large contribution to personality?

is its underlying meaning.

The stage during which sexual impulses become repressed and dormant as the child develops same-sex friendships with peers and focuses on school, sports, and other activities is called the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

latency

Research has demonstrated that introverts typically respond _____ to stimuli as compared to extraverts.

more strongly

Which is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the consistent, enduring characteristics that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:

personality

In Dr. Alarcon's work as a psychotherapist, she attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Dr. Alarcon's theoretical style conforms to _____ theory.

personality

In the 1950s, personality theory was dominated by:

psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

With regard to personality theory in the 1950s, internal was to external as _____ was to _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

psychoanalysis; behaviorism

Dr. Ainsworth believes that one's personality largely reflects internal conflicts and unconscious forces. Dr. Ainsworth appears to take a _____ perspective on personality.

psychoanalytic

Bruce has smoked since he was 15 years old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Bruce tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, I have to die of something." This BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

rationalization.

Karlene is a worrier. She worries about her family, her friends, and herself. She is particularly aware of potential hazards in the environment, and she sees the world as a dangerous place. Her personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events. Bandura called this process:

reciprocal determinism

Shelly was often rejected by her parents. As a result, she mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what Bandura called:

reciprocal determinism

Although Tim has many fond memories of his college days, he only vaguely remembers the girl to whom he was engaged, who suddenly left him for another man. Tim's forgetting is an ego defense mechanism called:

repression

Elena has been in therapy for two months. When she began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is. He explained that when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

self-concept

Juan is an experienced car mechanic who believes he can fix just about any problem in any make of car or truck. According to Bandura, Juan's confidence in his ability to handle mechanical problems is his:

self-efficacy.

Of the perspectives on personality described in the textbook, the _____ view pays the MOST attention to the influence of situations on personality.

social cognitive

According to Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations.

superego

The collective unconscious, according to Jung, could be described as:

the deepest part of the individual psyche, which is shared by all people and reflects a collection of humanity's evolutionary history.

Dr. Sharma stresses the importance of identifying, measuring, and describing individual differences in terms of various personality characteristics. His views are MOST representative of the _____ perspective on personality.

trait

The _____ approach to personality uses various terms to characterize differences among people. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

trait

Jaydon does not realize that his alcohol abuse and family neglect are leading to the destruction of both his family and his career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon is showing signs of a:

weak ego