ch 11 learnsmart
Steps in the process of metabolizing alcohol include which of the following?
- Acetaldehyde is converted to acetate. - Alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde.
Which of the following are strategies for developing responsible alcohol use?
- Alternate alcoholic drinks with nonalcoholic drinks. - Avoid alcoholic drinks with carbonation if you are thirsty. - Avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
Which of the following considerations are true concerning alcohol consumption among African Americans compare to whites?
- Among black women who drink, there is a higher percentage of heavy drinkers. - Blacks have a relatively high level of alcohol-related medical problems. - Urban black males have a higher rate of alcoholism-related suicide.
Which of the following are strategies you can employ to be a responsible host at a party with alcohol?
- Do not allow unlimited drinking of alcoholic beverages. - Provide guests a choice of nonalcoholic beverages. - Plan on running out of alcohol before any of your guests become heavily intoxicated.
Which of the following statements are correct about alcohol use related to injuries and violence?
- It is involved in the majority of attempted suicides. - It more than triples the risk of fatal injuries during leisure activities.
What usually occurs when an alcoholic begins drinking in a controlled manner after abstaining from drinking alcohol for days or months?
- It will almost always lead to an escalation in drinking.
A host can help reduce the chance of guests driving while intoxicated by taking which of the following steps?
- Prearrange to have designated drivers in attendance. - Insist that inebriated guests take a taxi or stay overnight. - Stop serving alcohol an hour or more before guests plan to depart.
Which of the following statements are true concerning heavy drinkers of alcohol compared to people who drink only moderately or not at all?
- They have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections. - They are more likely to have multiple sex partners.
Which of the following are true of binge drinkers in the United States?
- Those who are under age 21 consume more than 90% of their alcohol while binge drinking. - They account for more than half of the alcohol consumed by adults. - They caused more than half of the 90,000 alcohol-related deaths in 2010.
Which of the following are true of cirrhosis?
- Those with cirrhosis who continue to drink alcohol have a 50% chance of surviving five or more years. - The treatment requires the person to stop drinking alcohol.
Which of the following statements regarding women and alcoholism are true?
- Women alcoholics have higher death rates than male alcoholics. - Women tend to become alcoholic at later ages.
Alcohol metabolism in women differs from that of men in which of the following ways?
- Women have menstrual hormone fluctuations. - Women have four times less active stomach enzymes.
Which of the following are common effects of heavy episodic drinking among college students?
- an increased likelihood of drunk driving - falling behind in school work - increased frequency of unprotected sex
Which of the following drugs, when combined with alcohol, can lead to increased depression of the central nervous system, increasing the risk of death?
- barbiturates - benadryl - codeine
What are recommended ways of helping friends who have a problem with alcohol?
- be direct and honest - provide them with treatment information - do not enable their drinking
Which of the following increases the rate at which the body absorbs alcohol?
- beverages with artificial sweeteners - carbonation in a beverage
Alcohol use triples the chance of fatal injuries associated with which activities?
- boating - swimming
In addition to the amount of alcohol consumed, which of the following play a role in affecting BAC?
- body fat percentage - a person's sex - body weight
Methanol and isopropyl alcohol are types of alcohol that
- can cause death - are highly toxic
Chronic heavy alcohol use can lead to which of the following?
- changes in brain structure - loss of brain function
Which can be effects of alcohol abuse on home life?
- domestic violence - child abuse - marital discord
Which of the following are signs that someone may have a serious problem with alcohol?
- drinking alone - using alcohol to self-medicate and dull negative feelings - drinking secretively - feeling uncomfortable in situations where alcohol is not served
The majority of alcohol-related deaths and injuries among adult males in the United State result from which of the following?
- drownings - falls - homicide - vehicle crashes
Which of the following behaviors have no effect on the rate of alcohol metabolism?
- falling asleep - drinking coffee - exercising - taking other drugs
Those who consume more than two drinks per day are at greater risk of liver damage when taking which of the following OTC medications?
- ibuprofen - aspirin - acetaminophen
People who drive under the influence of alcohol are unable to do so safely as a result of which of the following?
- impaired judgment - reduced coordination - slower reaction times
Nearly half of all alcoholics in the United States suffer cognitive impairments that include which of the following?
- impaired problem solving - dementia - memory loss
When alcoholics stop drinking or sharply reduce the amount they drink, they experience withdrawal. The symptoms
- improve after four or five days - can continue to a lesser degree for six months or more - begin within five to 10 hours
For older adults, what are the following possible health benefits of drinking moderately?
- increase blood levels of HDL - lower risk of coronary heart disease
Symptoms of withdrawal from excessive alcohol use include which of the following?
- insomnia - nausea - hand tremor - sweating
Which of the following are appropriate resources to help a student at college deal with an alcohol problem?
- local chapter of AA - student health center - student counseling center
An alcohol hangover is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
- nausea - diarrhea - fatigue - headache
Symptoms of excessive use of alcohol include
- needing to increase the amount of alochol to achieve the same effect - using alcohol in situations that are physically risky - reducing important social or recreational activities because of alcohol use.
Use of the CAGE screening test involves analyzing a person's behavior to see if he or she
- often considers cutting down on drinking - gets annoyed when others criticize their drinking - feels guilty about drinking
Alcoholics are much more likely than nonalcoholics to suffer from which of the following mental disorders?
- panic disorder - depression - schizophrenia
A variety of treatment options are available for alcoholism among the most prevalent are
- pharmacological treatments - inpatient hospital rehabilitation - enrolling in an alcohol recovery program
People who misuse alcohol commonly tell themselves they don't have a problem with alcohol or that they need to drink for social reasons. These psychological coping mechanisms are called ______ and ______.
- rationalization - denial
Common patterns of excessive alcohol misuse include which of the following?
- regular daily intake of large amounts of alcohol - regular heavy drinking on the weekend only - heavy drinking limited to periods of stress
Low concentrations of alcohol, in the range of 0.03% to 0.05% BAC, have which effects on the body?
- relaxation - release of inhibitions - lightheadedness
What are examples of fortified wine?
- sherry - port
- disulfiram (antabuse) - naltrexone (ReVia, Depade) - acamprosate (Campral)
- stops the breakdown of acetaldehyde and causes patients to feel ill when they drink - Choice, binds to a brain pleasure center to reduce the craving for alcohol binds to a brain pleasure center to reduce the craving for alcohol - Choice, appears to act on brain pathways to help patients maintain abstinence appears to act on brain pathways to help patients maintain abstinence
What are examples of hard liquor?
- tequila - vodka - whiskey
From which organs is alcohol excreted unchanged by the body?
- the lungs - sweat glands
What are some common reasons college students say they drink alcohol?
- to be more social - to be less self-conscious - to relieve depression and anxiety
Suspected causes of an alcohol hangover include a combination of which of the following?
- toxic substances - dehydration - hormonal effects
What are some of the warning signs of a drunk driver?
- unusual turns - driving in the center of the road - weaving or swerving
The alcohol in one standard drink supplies about ______ calories.
100 to 120
A light beer typically has about ______ calories in contrast to a regular beer, which has ______.
100; 150
Which of the following statements about alcohol poisoning is true?
Alcohol poisoning can cause death.
Which of the following refers to cognitive and behavioral problems seen in children who appear physically normal but whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy?
alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
Severe alcohol use disorder that involves physical tolerance to alcohol and withdrawal symptoms is also called
alcoholism
College students who ______ have been shown to be at least five times more likely to have unprotected sex than those who do not.
binge drink
After a person drinks to the point of losing consciousness,
blood alcohol content (BAC) can continue to rise while the person is passed out.
The fact that women often experience adverse physical effects of chronic drinking sooner and become intoxicated at lower doses of alcohol than men is explained by differences in
body chemistry
Research indicates that ______ account for as much as 50% to 60% of a person's risk of developing alcoholism.
genetic factors
For some people moderate doses of alcohol may lessen the risk of ______, while higher doses often increase this risk.
heart attack
Acute alcoholic pancreatitis generally occurs ______, whereas cirrhosis generally occurs ______.
in binge drinkers; after years of heavy alcohol use
Which of the following policies toward alcohol-impaired drivers is the most effective in reducing the likelihood of rearrest for alcohol-impaired driving?
issuing strict penalties
In a social setting, what does alcohol at low levels of BAC typical do?
leads to greater sociability
A prolonged period of drinking alcohol may result in damage to the ______ whereby formerly healthy cells are replaced with scar tissue. This condition is known as cirrhosis.
liver
A prolonged and elevated intake of alcohol can lead to the weakening of the heart muscle, a condition known as cardiac
myopathy
Although cirrhosis takes years of heavy drinking to develop, acute alcoholic ______ can occur after only one or two severe binge-drinking episodes.
pancreatitis
A beverage's _______ value is two times the percentage of concentrated alcohol present in the drink.
proof
When combined with ______ an intake of five or six drinks daily increases a person's risk of contracting certain cancers by a factor of 50.
smoking tobacco
T/F: Having food in your stomach when you have an alcoholic drink reduces the total amount of alcohol that your body will absorb.
False
How does the body absorb alcohol?
- About 20% is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. - Most of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the small intestine.
Imaging studies of alcoholics have shown alcohol abuse can lead to which of the following?
- loss of both white and gray brain matter - slowed metabolic rate - brain shrinkage
Which of the following are typical legal penalties faced by those who drink and drive?
- loss of license - confiscation of vehicle - jail time
Which of the following are typical effects of alcohol on the body as BAC reaches 0.1%?
- loss of visual acuity - impairment of speech - interference with motor coordination
Alcohol use contributes to more than 40% of which of the following crimes?
- murders - assaults - rapes
Which of the following statements regarding African Americans and alcohol consumption are true?
African Americans experience disproportionately high levels of alcohol-related birth defects.
Which statement about fortified wine is true?
Extra alcohol is added during fermentation.
Which of the following statements comparing alcohol use among men and women is true?
Men are more likely than women to drink alcohol.
Newer studies indicate that moderate drinking is associated with which of the following health effects?
a small reduction of heart function in elderly women
Often an alcoholic is allowed to continue drinking because a spouse, other family members, and friends deny that there is a problem or provide cover for the alcoholic's behavior. People who enable an alcoholic in this way are exhibiting ______ behavior.
codependent
A medical emergency that involves an alcohol-dependent person suffering from confusion, disorientation, seizures and hallucinations brought on by the reduction of alcohol intake is called
delirium tremens
For those who wish to drink away from their homes, appointing a(n) __________ __________ who remains sober can reduce of risk of personal injury or injury to others.
designated driver
The intoxicating ingredient in fermented or distilled beverages is known as
ethyl alcohol
T/F: Non-alcohol forms of drug abuse account for more serious social and psychological problems than alcohol use.
false
During the winemaking process, sugars from fruit react with yeast to create ethanol. This process is called
fermentation
A characteristic group of birth defects caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother is called _____________ , alcohol syndrome.
fetal
In which organ is alcohol primarily metabolized?
liver
While a standard drink contains six-tenths of an ounce of alcohol, a typical serving of most alcoholic beverages is larger than this and therefore contains a greater amount of alcohol. This is particularly true of ______ drinks which may include multiple kinds of hard liquor.
mixed
A beverage that contains about six-tenths of an ounce of alcohol is known as a ______ drink.
standard
Without full accountability for alcohol misuse, people often blame ______ for their bad behavior.
the drug
Chronic alcohol consumption may increase the risk of which of the following types of cancer?
- liver - oral - esophagus
Which statement best describes alcohol's effects on the body at higher concentrations?
Alcohol is a depressant on the central nervous system.
T/F: Chronic drinkers and non-drinkers metabolize alcohol at the same rate.
False
Which of the following usually occurs as a person's BAC reaches 0.2%?
The person becomes unable to function physically or psychologically.
Which is a characteristic shared by all alcoholic beverages?
the active ingredient
