CH 11

In the region of the plasma membrane immediately adjacent to the area where the last action potential occurred, the entry of positive ions stimulates a new action potential. This kind of conduction is known as Blank______ conduction.

continuous

The type of action potential conduction in an unmyelinated axon is Blank______ conduction.

continuous

The type of action potential conduction in an unmyelinated axon is Blank______ conduction. Multiple choice question.

continuous

Axoplasm is the Blank______ of an axon.

cytoplasm

Axoplasm is the Blank______ of an axon. Multiple choice question.

cytoplasm

Potassium has a much higher concentration in the Blank______ fluid than in the Blank______ fluid.

intracellular; extracellular

Electrically excitable cells use the difference of Blank______ across the cell membrane to carry out their functions.

ions

Cytoplasm Blank______ electrically neutral.

is

What is the nature of the signal that propagates along neurons that ultimately regulates and coordinates the functions of the body?

it is electrical

A synapse is a Blank___

junction between two cells

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly along an axon with a Blank______ diameter.

larger

When a neuron is at rest, Blank______ channels are open. Multiple choice question.

leak

In an action potential, what happens to potassium ions during repolarization?

leave

A refractory period is a time in which the plasma membrane becomes Blank______ to further stimulation. Multiple choice question.

less sensitive

When the membrane potential decreases, the inside of the membrane becomes Blank______ negative. This is called Blank__

less; depolarization

A specific molecule binds to a membrane receptor. This molecule is called a(n) Blank___

ligand

A specific molecule binds to a membrane receptor. This molecule is called a(n) Blank_____

ligand

Decremental potentials along a dendrite or the cell body are called Blank______ potentials. Multiple choice question.

local

Once inside a cell, sodium ions diffuse away from their entry point. This diffusion of sodium ions is called a current.

local

The movement of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions, is called Blank_____

local current

Indicate the correct order of events that occur during a single action potential.

local potential threshold depolarization repolarization afterpotential resting membrane

When considering permeability to sodium and potassium, neuronal plasma membranes have a higher permeability to Blank__

potassium

_____ is the electrolyte that has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to the greater permeability of the plasma membrane to this electrolyte.

potassium

During an action potential, repolarization is due to ions leaving the cell.

potassium, K, or K+

During depolarization, Blank______ channels open more slowly than Blank______ channels.

potassium, sodium

During depolarization, Blank______ channels open more slowly than Blank______ channels. Multiple choice question.

potassium, sodium

At a synapse, the neuron that releases a neurotransmitter referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question.

presynaptic

The purpose of the absolute refractory period is to Blank_____

prevent action potentials from being generated in reverse direction

Nissl bodies reflect the need of the neuron to make a significant amount of Blank_____

proteins

A sensory neuron with a single process extending from the cell body is a(n) Blank______ neuron.

pseudo-unipolar

A sensory neuron with a single process extending from the cell body is a(n) Blank______ neuron. Multiple choice question.

pseudo-unipolar

A period of time after a nerve cell has responded to a stimulus in which it cannot be re-excited by a threshold stimulus is called a(n) Blank______ period.

refractory

A nerve cell can only respond to an unusually strong stimulus during the Blank______ refractory period.

relative

After a nerve cell responds to a stimulus, the period of time when the cell cannot respond again except to an unusually strong stimulus is called the refractory period.

relative

The sodium-potassium pump moves Blank______ sodium ions outside the cell for every Blank______ potassium ions it moves into the cell.

3;2

Identify the characteristics of graded potentials.

Graded Decremental Reversible

Identify the events that occurs toward the end of the repolarization phase

The Na+ activation gates close and the inactivation gates open.

Identify the events that occurs toward the end of the repolarization phase Multiple choice question.

The Na+ activation gates close and the inactivation gates open.

As a result of nervous tissue possessing electrical properties along the membrane, which characteristics are present? Select all that apply

The ability to generate graded potentials The ability to create a relatively stable resting membrane voltage The ability to generate action potentials The ability to have a refractory period in which the cell is insensitive to stimulation

Explain why the propagation of action potentials occurs in one direction. Multiple choice question.

The absolute refractory period prevents the generation of an action potential in the reverse direction.

What would happen to the resting membrane potential if the extracellular concentration of K+ were to increase?

The membrane would become less negative or depolarized.

Identify characteristics that are responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential.

The plasma membrane is impermeable to large, intracellular anions. K+ concentration is higher in the intracellular fluid and Na+ concentration is higher in the extracellular fluid.

What factors are in equilibrium that contribute to the resting membrane potential? Multiple choice question.

The tendency for K+ to diffuse out and its attraction to the negative interior of the cell.

Select the item that best defines the soma of a neuron. Multiple choice question.

a cell body of a neuron

The central nervous system is Blank

a key decision maker

The star-shaped neuroglia with cytoplasmic processes extending outward from the cell body are

astrocytes

Glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are innervated by the Blank______ division of the motor nervous system.

autonomic

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are divisions of the Blank______ nervous system.

autonomic

The division of the motor nervous system that is under involuntary control and innervates glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle is the Blank______ division.

autonomic

The plasma membrane of the axon is called the

axolemma

The beginning of an axon is a cone-shaped area of the neuron cell body called the Blank___

axon hillock

The trigger zone is made of the Blank___

axon hillock and initial segment of an axon

The two-way passage of proteins, organelles and other materials along an axon is called Blank______ transport.

axonal

One oligodendrocytes forms myelin sheaths for Blank__

axons of several neurons

The cytoplasm of an axon is called the Blank____

axoplasm

The cytoplasm of the axon is called the

axoplasm

The neuron plasma membrane is 50-100 times more permeable to Blank______ than to sodium. Multiple choice question.

calcium

Temperature changes Blank______ cause graded potentials.

can

Large, negatively charged proteins inside the cell Blank______ readily diffuse across the neuron membrane.

cannot

Proteins Blank______ easily diffuse across the cell membrane.

cannot

An axolemma is the Blank___

cell membrane of an axon

The division of the nervous system that is the key decision maker of the body is the Blank______ nervous system.

central

The Blank______ are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system.

central and peripheral nervous systems

The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the Blank___

central nervous system

Graded potentials may be caused by Blank__

chemical signals binding to receptors spontaneous changes (not caused by a specific stimulus) changes in voltage across the plasma membrane mechanical stimulation temperature changes

Na+ concentration is higher in the Blank______ fluid.

cl-

What effect would increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid have on Na+ channels?

close

When calcium ions bind to Na+ channels, the channels Blank__

close

During a resting membrane potential, sodium-voltage gated channels are Blank___

closed

As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank____

increase

As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank______

increase

As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank______. Multiple choice question.

increase

An axon hillock transitions into the Blank______ segment of an axon.

initial

The beginning of the axon is called the segment.

initial

During depolarization, the Blank______ of the cell becomes more positive. Multiple choice question.

inside

Name the type of neuron found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway. Multiple choice question.

interneuron

Neurons that are found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway are called

interneurons

Afferent neurons carry information Blank______. Multiple choice question.

towards CNS

Once stimulated, a single action potential Blank__

travels only a short distance before stimulating another action potential

Action potentials begin at a portion of the axon called the zone.

trigger

True or false: Schwann cells are associated with both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.

true

An action potential is initiated immediately adjacent to where the last action potential terminated in Blank______ axons.

unmyelinated

An axon lacking a myelin sheath is said to be .

unmyelinated

An ion channel that opens when a specific electrical current is present on the cell membrane would be categorized as -gated.

voltage

The somatic nervous system is Blank______ division of the motor division.

voluntary

Nerve tracts are formed by Blank______ matter.

white

The portions of the CNS that are composed primarily of myelinated axon bundles are often referred to as matter.

white

Ligand-gated ion channels allow which of the following to pass through the plasma membrane? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Ca++

Ca++ Na+ K+ Cl-

What effect would increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid have on Na+ channels?

Ca2+ binds to the Na+ channels, causing them to close.

Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to calcium increases.

Calcium would diffuse into the cell, causing a depolarization.

Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to calcium increases. Multiple choice question.

Calcium would diffuse into the cell, causing a depolarization.

cel body axon dendrite nissel body

Cell body matches ChoiceEnlarged portion of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles Axon matches ChoiceProcess of a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the cell body Dendrite matches ChoiceProcess of a neuron that receives stimuli and and generates local potentials Nissl body matches ChoiceRough endoplasmic reticulum of a neuron responsible for protein synthesis

Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to Cl- increases.

Cl- would diffuse into the cell, causing a hyperpolarization.

Identify the phases of an action potential.

Depolarization Repolarization Afterpotential

Identify the characteristics that play a role in the electrical signals created by nervous tissue.

Electrical charges are separated across the cell membrane. Semipermeable membranes help create a separation of ions.

Differentiate graded potentials and action potentials. Select all that apply.

Graded potentials are conducted in a decremental fashion and action potentials are conducted with a constant magnitude. The magnitude of graded potentials is variable and action potentials are all-or-none.

____ occurs when the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative, and Blank______ occurs when the inside of the plasma membrane becomes less negative.

Hyperpolarization, depolarization

Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of an action potential?

Hyperpotential

The sodium-potassium pump is responsible for what portion of the resting membrane potential?

Less than 15mV

Identify the structural types of neurons.

Multipolar neuron Pseudo-unipolar Bipolar neuron

Match each structural neuron type with the correct description. multipolar neuron Biopolar unipolar

Multipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron that has many dendrites and one axon Bipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron with one dendrite and one axon Unipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron with a single process that divides into two branches

During an action potential of a neuron, the type of ion that enters the cell and causes depolarization is the ion.

Na+

Explain what happens to voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels when the membrane potential reaches threshold.

Na+ and K+ channels open, but K+ channels open more slowly.

Explain what happens to voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels when the membrane potential reaches threshold. Multiple choice question.

Na+ and K+ channels open, but K+ channels open more slowly.

When Na+ channels open, what happens to the Na+ ions?

Na+ diffuses into the cell.

What is responsible for concentrating K+ inside and Na+ outside of neurons? Multiple choice question.

Na+-K+ pumps

What is the name of the gaps found between segments of myelin along an axon? Multiple choice question.

Nodes of Ranvier

The neuroglial cells of the Blank______ that provide insulation around cell bodies of neurons in ganglia are called satellite cells. Multiple choice question.

PNS

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system readies the body for Blank_____

Physical activity

What moves in a local current?

Positively charged ions

Identify the functions of astrocytes. Select all that apply.

Promotion of the formation of synapses Regulation of synaptic activity Synthesis of neurotransmitters

Identify the functions of the nervous system. Select all that apply.

Receiving sensory input Controlling muscles and glands Integrating information

Choose the neuroglial cell types found in the peripheral nervous system.

Satellite cells Schwann cells

Glial cells that form myelin sheaths within the CNS are the .

Schwann cells

Identify the characteristics that play a role in the electrical signals created by nervous tissue.

Semipermeable membranes help create a separation of ions. Electrical charges are separated across the cell membrane.

sensory neuron motor neuron interneuron

Sensory Neuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses towards the CNS Motor neuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses away from the CNS Interneuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS

What are the divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system?

Somatic and autonomic

What are the divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system? Multiple choice question.

Somatic and autonomic

Identify the choice that is NOT considered a function of the nervous system. Multiple choice question.

Stimulating bone growth

Match the various stimuli that affect the frequency of action potentials with the correct definition. Subthreshold stimulus Subthreshold stimulus Drop zone A stimulus between threshold and maximal stimulus strength incorrect Toggle Button Unavailable.

Subthreshold stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus not strong enough to produce a graded potential that reaches threshold Threshold stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus that is just strong enough to reach threshold and cause the production of a single action potential Maximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus just strong enough to produce a maximum frequency of action potentials Submaximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus between threshold and maximal stimulus strength Suprmaximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus stronger than maximal stimulus

___ are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Identify the functions of astrocytes. Select all that apply. Multiple select question.

Synthesis of neurotransmitters Promotion of the formation of synapses Regulation of synaptic activity

Lower than normal blood calcium levels is called Blank__

hypokalemia

Identify the statements that are true regarding the nature of the large proteins found within neurons.

They are negatively charged. They are synthesized inside the cell. They do not readily diffuse through the membrane.

Identify the characteristics of action potentials.

They are propagated in a non-decremental fashion. They are all-or-none. The strength of the stimulus determines the frequency of the action potentials.

In an action potential, what happens to potassium ions during repolarization?

They leave the cell.

Identify the statement that best describes the characteristics of a voltage-gated ion channel. Multiple choice question.

They open and close in response to a specific voltage change across the plasma membrane.

As the strength of a stimulus increases, what will happen to action potentials?

They will be produced with increasing frequency.

True or False: The nervous system and the endocrine system are the major control systems of the body.

True

Identify the nerve fibers that form the autonomic nervous system. Select all that apply.

Type C fibers Type B fibers

Which type of axon uses continuous conduction of action potentials? Multiple choice question.

Unmyelinated

Identify why the membrane becomes hyperpolarized following the repolarization phase of an action potential. Multiple choice question.

Voltage-gated K+ channels remain open for a short period of time after reaching RMP; allowing K+ to diffuse out of the cell.

Myelin sheaths are Blank______ in nodes of Ranvier.

absent

A period of time when a cell cannot respond again to an electrical stimulus is the Blank______ refractory period. Multiple choice question.

absolute

The period that ensures a one-way propagation of an action potential is the refractory period.

absolute

Electrical signals produced by the nervous system are called potentials.

actiom

Electrical signals that are propagated along axons in a non-decremental fashion are called potentials.

action

What type of potential is non-decremental?

action

What type of potential is non-decremental? Multiple choice question.

action

Toward the end of the repolarization phase, the Blank______ gates of the sodium channel close and the Blank______ gates of the sodium channels open

activation, inactivation

Toward the end of the repolarization phase, the Blank______ gates of the sodium channel close and the Blank______ gates of the sodium channels open. Multiple choice question.

activation, inactivation

Identify the descriptor that is NOT a structural type of neuron.

afferent

In the nervous system, the term Blank______ refers to signal conduction toward the CNS. Multiple choice question.

afferent

The sensory division is also known as the division of the nervous system.

afferent

The sensory division is synonymous with the Blank______ division of the nervous system. Multiple choice question.

afferent

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the Blank_____

afferent?

The relative refractory period occurs Blank______ the absolute refractory period.

after

Glial cells Blank______ the electrically excitable cells of the nervous system.

are not

Which cell type is not found in the peripheral nervous system?

astrocyte

Which type of neuroglia helps promote and regulate synapse formation?

astrocyte

The retina and nasal cavity contain Blank______ neurons.

bipolar

The structural type of neuron found within the retina and olfactory mucosa would most likely be a neuron.

bipolar

The central nervous system consists of the ,_____ which is found within the skull, and the , ____ ____ which is found within the vertebral column.

brain spinal cord

Select the components of the central nervous system.

brain and spinal cord

Closed voltage-gated sodium channels are stabilized Blank___

calcium

As grade potentials spread along a membrane, they Blank______ in magnitude.

decrease

If a nerve signal grows weaker with distance from its origin, the nerve signal is described as being Blank__

decremental

Synapses may be formed with other neurons' axons at small extensions off a dendrite surface called Blank___

dendrite spines

Branched cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron that receive input and transmit signals toward the cell body are .

dendrites

Synapses may be formed with other neurons' axons at small extensions off a dendrite surface called Blank___

dendritic spines

An increase in a membrane's permeability to Na+ will result in Blank______ of the membrane.

depolarization

An increase in a membrane's permeability to Na+ will result in Blank______ of the membrane. Multiple choice question.

depolarization

Increasing the plasma membrane's permeability to calcium will cause the cell to Blank____

depolarization

The first phase of an action potential is

depolarization

When the neuron membrane becomes less negative than the resting membrane potential, it is said to be Blank_____

depolarization

During an action potential, an increase in membrane permeability to Na+ leads to a(n) Blank______ followed by an increase in permeability to K+ that leads to a(n) Blank______ of the membrane and a slight afterhyperpolarization.

depolarization, repolarization

When the neuron membrane becomes more positive than the resting membrane potential, it is said to be Blank__

depolarized

The term "potential difference" refers to the Blank____

difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane

The concentrations of ions in the cytoplasm of neurons is Blank______ the concentrations of ions outside the cells.

different than

The motor division is also known as the ----- division of the nervous system.

efferent

The motor division is synonymous with the Blank______ division of the nervous system.

efferent

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the Blank__

efferent

n the nervous system, the term Blank______ refers to signal conduction from the CNS to effectors.

efferent

The membrane potential is a measure of Blank______ properties of the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question.

electrical

Neuroglial cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid are Blank______.

ependymal cells

The glial cells that are responsible for assisting in the movement of cerebral spinal fluid are Blank___

ependymal cells

The resting membrane potential is a(n) Blank______ that is established when the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cells is equal to the tendency for K+ to be attracted to the negatively charged proteins within the cell. Multiple choice question.

equilibrium

The resting membrane potential is a(n) Blank______ that is established when the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cells is equal to the tendency for K+ to be attracted to the negatively charged proteins within the cell.

equillibrium

Astrocytes help regulate the composition of Blank______ brain fluid.

extracellular

Cl- concentration is higher in the Blank______ fluid.

extracellular

Sodium is more concentrated in the Blank______ fluid than in the Blank______ fluid.

extracellular, intracellular

True or false: During the absolute refractory period a neuron will be re-stimulated if it reaches threshold.

f

True or false: Na+ has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to its high permeability in the membrane. True false question.True

f

True or false: The magnitude of an action potential is important in relaying information about the strength of a stimulus.

f

True or false: The magnitude of an action potential is important in relaying information about the strength of a stimulus. True false question.

f

True or false: In excitable tissues, the only channel types are ligand- and voltage-gated channels.

false

True or false: Motor neurons transmit nerve signals toward the CNS.

false

True or false: Motor neurons transmit nerve signals toward the CNS. True false question.

false

True or false: Na+ has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to its high permeability in the membrane. True false question.

false

Neuron communication about the strength of a stimulus is conveyed by the Blank______ of action potentials. Multiple choice question.

frequency

A group of related nerve cell bodies is located outside of the central nervous system. It is called a Blank______. Multiple choice question.

ganglia

The support cells of the nervous system are called Blank_____

glia cells

The category of cells of the nervous system that support and protect neurons are called ______ cells.

glial

The knotlike swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are found is called a Blank____

gnaglion

Binding of chemical signals to receptors, changes in membrane voltage, mechanical stimulation, temperature changes and spontaneous membrane changes can all cause Blank______ potentials.

graded

Neuron cell bodies and dendrites are found in Blank______ matter.

gray

The matter of the cerebrum, making up the cortex and deeper nuclei, is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies in the matter.

gray

Afterpotential is a period of Blank___

hyperpolar

The slow closing of voltage-gated potassium channels is the cause of Blank_____

hyperpolar

A shift in the membrane potential to a value that is more negative than the resting membrane potential is referred to as a(n) .

hyperpolarization

An increase in a membrane's permeability to Cl- will result in Blank______ of the membrane. Multiple choice question.

hyperpolarization

Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ outside of the cell ultimately causes the concentration gradient for K+ to increase, which then causes the resting membrane potential to Blank___

hyperpolarize

Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ outside of the cell ultimately causes the concentration gradient for K+ to increase, which then causes the resting membrane potential to Blank_____

hyperpolarize

A lower than normal level of calcium in the blood is called Blank____

hypocalcemia

A weak pain stimulus generates a Blank______ frequency of action potentials.

low

Touch receptors of the skin respond to stimulation using Blank______ gated ion channels. Multiple choice question.

mechanically

Because of their phagocytic function, large numbers of Blank______ are found in areas of the CNS damaged by stroke or infection.

microglia

The neuroglial cells that phagocytize dead tissue and foreign substances within the CNS are the

microglia

Glial cells are Blank______ numerous than neurons in the brain.

more

When the membrane potential increases compared to resting membrane potential, the inside of the membrane becomes Blank______ negative. This is called Blank_____

more, hyperpolarization

Efferent neurons are also known as Blank______ neurons.

motor

The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are sensory and .

motor

Axon transport is utilized by the neuron for all of the following except Blank____

moving DNA into and out of the nucleus

A neuron has many dendrites. It is classified as a(n) Blank______ neuron.

multipolar

A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites is called a neuron.

multipolar

The layer called that insulates axons, both in the CNS and PNS is called the sheath.

myelin

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly along Blank______ axons.

myelinated

The term "potential difference" refers to the Blank____

neg

The brain and spinal cord are components of the Blank______ system.

nervous

The electrically excitable cells of the nervous system are Blank___

neurons

Select all of the cell types that are components of the nervous system.

neurons glial cells

Synaptic vesicles within synaptic knobs contain chemicals called .

neurotransmitters

The intracellular fluid has essentially the same number of positive and negative charges and is therefore electrically .

neutral

What is the name of the gaps found between segments of myelin along an axon? Multiple choice question.

nodes of Ranvier

Leak ion channels are also called Blank______ channels.

nongated

A neuron with Blank______ process(es) extending from the cell body is called a pseudo-unipolar neuron.

one

A bipolar neuron has how many dendrites? Multiple choice question.

one dendrite

Because of its repulsion to the negatively charged proteins within the neurons, Cl- diffuses Blank_

out of the cell and accumulates in the extracellular fluid

Because of its repulsion to the negatively charged proteins within the neurons, Cl- diffuses Blank______. Multiple choice question.

out of the cell and accumulates in the extracellular fluid

The chloride ion is in a higher concentration Blank______ the cell. Multiple choice question.

outside

The Blank______ branch of the autonomic nervous system regulates resting functions.

parasympathetic

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that predominates when the body is quiet and calm is the division.

parasympathetic

A Schwann cell is found in the Blank______ nervous system.

peripheral

All of the nervous tissue outside the central nervous system is categorized as belonging to the Blank______ nervous system. Multiple choice question.

peripheral

Satellite cells are found in the Blank______ nervous system. Multiple choice question.

peripheral

Schwann cells and satellite cells are examples of neuroglial cells in the Blank______ nervous system.

peripheral

The sensory and motor divisions are functional branches of the Blank______ nervous system.

peripheral

The subdivision of the nervous system that is responsible for detecting stimuli in and around the body and sending that information to the central nervous system is the Blank____

peripheral nervous system

When opposite charges are arranged on opposing sides of a membrane, the membrane is said to be Blank____

polarized

Inside excitable cells at rest, you'll find high concentrations of Blank______ ions and negatively charged proteins. Multiple choice question.

potassium

Voltage-gated sodium channels close and inactivation gates open at the end of Blank__

repolarization

Voltage-gated sodium channels close and inactivation gates open at the end of Blank______.

repolarization

The transportation of sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question.

require

The parasymphathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for Blank_____

resting

The difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane in an unstimulated cell is called the potential.

resting membrane

The Blank______ is proportional to the tendency of K+ to diffuse out of the cell and not to the actual rate of flow for K+.

resting membrane potential

Propagation of an action potential down a myelinated axon requires that the action potential "jumps" from node to node in a process called Blank______ conduction.

saltatory

The intracellular fluid is considered to be electrically neutral because Blank______.

same

The specific cells that are responsible for producing myelin in the PNS are the cells.

schwann

Which muscle type contracts only when stimulated by the nervous system?

skeletal

The ion Blank______ is more concentrated in the extracellular fluid.

sodium

During an action potential, depolarization is due to Blank______ ions Blank______ the cell. Multiple choice question.

sodium entering

The cell body of a neuron is also known as the

soma

The division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent fibers to skeletal muscles is the Blank______ division. Multiple choice question.

somatic

The motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the Blank______ subdivisions. Multiple select question.

somatic autonomic

Myelin sheaths Blank______ the conduction of electrical signals.

speed up

Which part of the central nervous system is with the vertebral canal?

spinal cord

Small extensions off a dendrite surface are called dendritic

spines

Multipolar is a Blank______ classification for a neuron.

structural

When the effect of one graded potential is added to the effect of another, Blank______ occurs. Multiple choice question.

summation

A stimulus stronger than a maximal stimulus is called a Blank______ stimulus.

supramaximal

The division of the autonomic nervous system that functions to prepare the body for action is the division.

sympathetic

A junction between a neuron and another cell is called a(n)

synapse

The point of contact between an axon and its target is called a(n) Blank____

synapse

The somatic nervous system is the sub-division of the efferent division that transmits electrical impulses from Blank_____

the CNS towards skeletal muscle

Dendrites are extensions of Blank______ of a neuron. Multiple choice question.

the cell body

n order for local potentials to trigger an action potential, the membrane must reach a level called the Blank______. Multiple choice question.

threshold

Afferent neurons carry information Blank___

toward the CNS