CH 11
In the region of the plasma membrane immediately adjacent to the area where the last action potential occurred, the entry of positive ions stimulates a new action potential. This kind of conduction is known as Blank______ conduction.
continuous
The type of action potential conduction in an unmyelinated axon is Blank______ conduction.
continuous
The type of action potential conduction in an unmyelinated axon is Blank______ conduction. Multiple choice question.
continuous
Axoplasm is the Blank______ of an axon.
cytoplasm
Axoplasm is the Blank______ of an axon. Multiple choice question.
cytoplasm
Potassium has a much higher concentration in the Blank______ fluid than in the Blank______ fluid.
intracellular; extracellular
Electrically excitable cells use the difference of Blank______ across the cell membrane to carry out their functions.
ions
Cytoplasm Blank______ electrically neutral.
is
What is the nature of the signal that propagates along neurons that ultimately regulates and coordinates the functions of the body?
it is electrical
A synapse is a Blank___
junction between two cells
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly along an axon with a Blank______ diameter.
larger
When a neuron is at rest, Blank______ channels are open. Multiple choice question.
leak
In an action potential, what happens to potassium ions during repolarization?
leave
A refractory period is a time in which the plasma membrane becomes Blank______ to further stimulation. Multiple choice question.
less sensitive
When the membrane potential decreases, the inside of the membrane becomes Blank______ negative. This is called Blank__
less; depolarization
A specific molecule binds to a membrane receptor. This molecule is called a(n) Blank___
ligand
A specific molecule binds to a membrane receptor. This molecule is called a(n) Blank_____
ligand
Decremental potentials along a dendrite or the cell body are called Blank______ potentials. Multiple choice question.
local
Once inside a cell, sodium ions diffuse away from their entry point. This diffusion of sodium ions is called a current.
local
The movement of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions, is called Blank_____
local current
Indicate the correct order of events that occur during a single action potential.
local potential threshold depolarization repolarization afterpotential resting membrane
When considering permeability to sodium and potassium, neuronal plasma membranes have a higher permeability to Blank__
potassium
_____ is the electrolyte that has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to the greater permeability of the plasma membrane to this electrolyte.
potassium
During an action potential, repolarization is due to ions leaving the cell.
potassium, K, or K+
During depolarization, Blank______ channels open more slowly than Blank______ channels.
potassium, sodium
During depolarization, Blank______ channels open more slowly than Blank______ channels. Multiple choice question.
potassium, sodium
At a synapse, the neuron that releases a neurotransmitter referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question.
presynaptic
The purpose of the absolute refractory period is to Blank_____
prevent action potentials from being generated in reverse direction
Nissl bodies reflect the need of the neuron to make a significant amount of Blank_____
proteins
A sensory neuron with a single process extending from the cell body is a(n) Blank______ neuron.
pseudo-unipolar
A sensory neuron with a single process extending from the cell body is a(n) Blank______ neuron. Multiple choice question.
pseudo-unipolar
A period of time after a nerve cell has responded to a stimulus in which it cannot be re-excited by a threshold stimulus is called a(n) Blank______ period.
refractory
A nerve cell can only respond to an unusually strong stimulus during the Blank______ refractory period.
relative
After a nerve cell responds to a stimulus, the period of time when the cell cannot respond again except to an unusually strong stimulus is called the refractory period.
relative
The sodium-potassium pump moves Blank______ sodium ions outside the cell for every Blank______ potassium ions it moves into the cell.
3;2
Identify the characteristics of graded potentials.
Graded Decremental Reversible
Identify the events that occurs toward the end of the repolarization phase
The Na+ activation gates close and the inactivation gates open.
Identify the events that occurs toward the end of the repolarization phase Multiple choice question.
The Na+ activation gates close and the inactivation gates open.
As a result of nervous tissue possessing electrical properties along the membrane, which characteristics are present? Select all that apply
The ability to generate graded potentials The ability to create a relatively stable resting membrane voltage The ability to generate action potentials The ability to have a refractory period in which the cell is insensitive to stimulation
Explain why the propagation of action potentials occurs in one direction. Multiple choice question.
The absolute refractory period prevents the generation of an action potential in the reverse direction.
What would happen to the resting membrane potential if the extracellular concentration of K+ were to increase?
The membrane would become less negative or depolarized.
Identify characteristics that are responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential.
The plasma membrane is impermeable to large, intracellular anions. K+ concentration is higher in the intracellular fluid and Na+ concentration is higher in the extracellular fluid.
What factors are in equilibrium that contribute to the resting membrane potential? Multiple choice question.
The tendency for K+ to diffuse out and its attraction to the negative interior of the cell.
Select the item that best defines the soma of a neuron. Multiple choice question.
a cell body of a neuron
The central nervous system is Blank
a key decision maker
The star-shaped neuroglia with cytoplasmic processes extending outward from the cell body are
astrocytes
Glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are innervated by the Blank______ division of the motor nervous system.
autonomic
Sympathetic and parasympathetic are divisions of the Blank______ nervous system.
autonomic
The division of the motor nervous system that is under involuntary control and innervates glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle is the Blank______ division.
autonomic
The plasma membrane of the axon is called the
axolemma
The beginning of an axon is a cone-shaped area of the neuron cell body called the Blank___
axon hillock
The trigger zone is made of the Blank___
axon hillock and initial segment of an axon
The two-way passage of proteins, organelles and other materials along an axon is called Blank______ transport.
axonal
One oligodendrocytes forms myelin sheaths for Blank__
axons of several neurons
The cytoplasm of an axon is called the Blank____
axoplasm
The cytoplasm of the axon is called the
axoplasm
The neuron plasma membrane is 50-100 times more permeable to Blank______ than to sodium. Multiple choice question.
calcium
Temperature changes Blank______ cause graded potentials.
can
Large, negatively charged proteins inside the cell Blank______ readily diffuse across the neuron membrane.
cannot
Proteins Blank______ easily diffuse across the cell membrane.
cannot
An axolemma is the Blank___
cell membrane of an axon
The division of the nervous system that is the key decision maker of the body is the Blank______ nervous system.
central
The Blank______ are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system.
central and peripheral nervous systems
The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the Blank___
central nervous system
Graded potentials may be caused by Blank__
chemical signals binding to receptors spontaneous changes (not caused by a specific stimulus) changes in voltage across the plasma membrane mechanical stimulation temperature changes
Na+ concentration is higher in the Blank______ fluid.
cl-
What effect would increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid have on Na+ channels?
close
When calcium ions bind to Na+ channels, the channels Blank__
close
During a resting membrane potential, sodium-voltage gated channels are Blank___
closed
As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank____
increase
As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank______
increase
As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will Blank______. Multiple choice question.
increase
An axon hillock transitions into the Blank______ segment of an axon.
initial
The beginning of the axon is called the segment.
initial
During depolarization, the Blank______ of the cell becomes more positive. Multiple choice question.
inside
Name the type of neuron found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway. Multiple choice question.
interneuron
Neurons that are found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway are called
interneurons
Afferent neurons carry information Blank______. Multiple choice question.
towards CNS
Once stimulated, a single action potential Blank__
travels only a short distance before stimulating another action potential
Action potentials begin at a portion of the axon called the zone.
trigger
True or false: Schwann cells are associated with both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.
true
An action potential is initiated immediately adjacent to where the last action potential terminated in Blank______ axons.
unmyelinated
An axon lacking a myelin sheath is said to be .
unmyelinated
An ion channel that opens when a specific electrical current is present on the cell membrane would be categorized as -gated.
voltage
The somatic nervous system is Blank______ division of the motor division.
voluntary
Nerve tracts are formed by Blank______ matter.
white
The portions of the CNS that are composed primarily of myelinated axon bundles are often referred to as matter.
white
Ligand-gated ion channels allow which of the following to pass through the plasma membrane? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Ca++
Ca++ Na+ K+ Cl-
What effect would increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid have on Na+ channels?
Ca2+ binds to the Na+ channels, causing them to close.
Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to calcium increases.
Calcium would diffuse into the cell, causing a depolarization.
Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to calcium increases. Multiple choice question.
Calcium would diffuse into the cell, causing a depolarization.
cel body axon dendrite nissel body
Cell body matches ChoiceEnlarged portion of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles Axon matches ChoiceProcess of a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the cell body Dendrite matches ChoiceProcess of a neuron that receives stimuli and and generates local potentials Nissl body matches ChoiceRough endoplasmic reticulum of a neuron responsible for protein synthesis
Predict the effects on membrane potential if the membrane's permeability to Cl- increases.
Cl- would diffuse into the cell, causing a hyperpolarization.
Identify the phases of an action potential.
Depolarization Repolarization Afterpotential
Identify the characteristics that play a role in the electrical signals created by nervous tissue.
Electrical charges are separated across the cell membrane. Semipermeable membranes help create a separation of ions.
Differentiate graded potentials and action potentials. Select all that apply.
Graded potentials are conducted in a decremental fashion and action potentials are conducted with a constant magnitude. The magnitude of graded potentials is variable and action potentials are all-or-none.
____ occurs when the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative, and Blank______ occurs when the inside of the plasma membrane becomes less negative.
Hyperpolarization, depolarization
Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of an action potential?
Hyperpotential
The sodium-potassium pump is responsible for what portion of the resting membrane potential?
Less than 15mV
Identify the structural types of neurons.
Multipolar neuron Pseudo-unipolar Bipolar neuron
Match each structural neuron type with the correct description. multipolar neuron Biopolar unipolar
Multipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron that has many dendrites and one axon Bipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron with one dendrite and one axon Unipolar neuron matches ChoiceA neuron with a single process that divides into two branches
During an action potential of a neuron, the type of ion that enters the cell and causes depolarization is the ion.
Na+
Explain what happens to voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels when the membrane potential reaches threshold.
Na+ and K+ channels open, but K+ channels open more slowly.
Explain what happens to voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels when the membrane potential reaches threshold. Multiple choice question.
Na+ and K+ channels open, but K+ channels open more slowly.
When Na+ channels open, what happens to the Na+ ions?
Na+ diffuses into the cell.
What is responsible for concentrating K+ inside and Na+ outside of neurons? Multiple choice question.
Na+-K+ pumps
What is the name of the gaps found between segments of myelin along an axon? Multiple choice question.
Nodes of Ranvier
The neuroglial cells of the Blank______ that provide insulation around cell bodies of neurons in ganglia are called satellite cells. Multiple choice question.
PNS
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system readies the body for Blank_____
Physical activity
What moves in a local current?
Positively charged ions
Identify the functions of astrocytes. Select all that apply.
Promotion of the formation of synapses Regulation of synaptic activity Synthesis of neurotransmitters
Identify the functions of the nervous system. Select all that apply.
Receiving sensory input Controlling muscles and glands Integrating information
Choose the neuroglial cell types found in the peripheral nervous system.
Satellite cells Schwann cells
Glial cells that form myelin sheaths within the CNS are the .
Schwann cells
Identify the characteristics that play a role in the electrical signals created by nervous tissue.
Semipermeable membranes help create a separation of ions. Electrical charges are separated across the cell membrane.
sensory neuron motor neuron interneuron
Sensory Neuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses towards the CNS Motor neuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses away from the CNS Interneuron matches ChoiceConducts impulses from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS
What are the divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic and autonomic
What are the divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system? Multiple choice question.
Somatic and autonomic
Identify the choice that is NOT considered a function of the nervous system. Multiple choice question.
Stimulating bone growth
Match the various stimuli that affect the frequency of action potentials with the correct definition. Subthreshold stimulus Subthreshold stimulus Drop zone A stimulus between threshold and maximal stimulus strength incorrect Toggle Button Unavailable.
Subthreshold stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus not strong enough to produce a graded potential that reaches threshold Threshold stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus that is just strong enough to reach threshold and cause the production of a single action potential Maximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus just strong enough to produce a maximum frequency of action potentials Submaximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus between threshold and maximal stimulus strength Suprmaximal stimulus matches ChoiceA stimulus stronger than maximal stimulus
___ are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Identify the functions of astrocytes. Select all that apply. Multiple select question.
Synthesis of neurotransmitters Promotion of the formation of synapses Regulation of synaptic activity
Lower than normal blood calcium levels is called Blank__
hypokalemia
Identify the statements that are true regarding the nature of the large proteins found within neurons.
They are negatively charged. They are synthesized inside the cell. They do not readily diffuse through the membrane.
Identify the characteristics of action potentials.
They are propagated in a non-decremental fashion. They are all-or-none. The strength of the stimulus determines the frequency of the action potentials.
In an action potential, what happens to potassium ions during repolarization?
They leave the cell.
Identify the statement that best describes the characteristics of a voltage-gated ion channel. Multiple choice question.
They open and close in response to a specific voltage change across the plasma membrane.
As the strength of a stimulus increases, what will happen to action potentials?
They will be produced with increasing frequency.
True or False: The nervous system and the endocrine system are the major control systems of the body.
True
Identify the nerve fibers that form the autonomic nervous system. Select all that apply.
Type C fibers Type B fibers
Which type of axon uses continuous conduction of action potentials? Multiple choice question.
Unmyelinated
Identify why the membrane becomes hyperpolarized following the repolarization phase of an action potential. Multiple choice question.
Voltage-gated K+ channels remain open for a short period of time after reaching RMP; allowing K+ to diffuse out of the cell.
Myelin sheaths are Blank______ in nodes of Ranvier.
absent
A period of time when a cell cannot respond again to an electrical stimulus is the Blank______ refractory period. Multiple choice question.
absolute
The period that ensures a one-way propagation of an action potential is the refractory period.
absolute
Electrical signals produced by the nervous system are called potentials.
actiom
Electrical signals that are propagated along axons in a non-decremental fashion are called potentials.
action
What type of potential is non-decremental?
action
What type of potential is non-decremental? Multiple choice question.
action
Toward the end of the repolarization phase, the Blank______ gates of the sodium channel close and the Blank______ gates of the sodium channels open
activation, inactivation
Toward the end of the repolarization phase, the Blank______ gates of the sodium channel close and the Blank______ gates of the sodium channels open. Multiple choice question.
activation, inactivation
Identify the descriptor that is NOT a structural type of neuron.
afferent
In the nervous system, the term Blank______ refers to signal conduction toward the CNS. Multiple choice question.
afferent
The sensory division is also known as the division of the nervous system.
afferent
The sensory division is synonymous with the Blank______ division of the nervous system. Multiple choice question.
afferent
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the Blank_____
afferent?
The relative refractory period occurs Blank______ the absolute refractory period.
after
Glial cells Blank______ the electrically excitable cells of the nervous system.
are not
Which cell type is not found in the peripheral nervous system?
astrocyte
Which type of neuroglia helps promote and regulate synapse formation?
astrocyte
The retina and nasal cavity contain Blank______ neurons.
bipolar
The structural type of neuron found within the retina and olfactory mucosa would most likely be a neuron.
bipolar
The central nervous system consists of the ,_____ which is found within the skull, and the , ____ ____ which is found within the vertebral column.
brain spinal cord
Select the components of the central nervous system.
brain and spinal cord
Closed voltage-gated sodium channels are stabilized Blank___
calcium
As grade potentials spread along a membrane, they Blank______ in magnitude.
decrease
If a nerve signal grows weaker with distance from its origin, the nerve signal is described as being Blank__
decremental
Synapses may be formed with other neurons' axons at small extensions off a dendrite surface called Blank___
dendrite spines
Branched cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron that receive input and transmit signals toward the cell body are .
dendrites
Synapses may be formed with other neurons' axons at small extensions off a dendrite surface called Blank___
dendritic spines
An increase in a membrane's permeability to Na+ will result in Blank______ of the membrane.
depolarization
An increase in a membrane's permeability to Na+ will result in Blank______ of the membrane. Multiple choice question.
depolarization
Increasing the plasma membrane's permeability to calcium will cause the cell to Blank____
depolarization
The first phase of an action potential is
depolarization
When the neuron membrane becomes less negative than the resting membrane potential, it is said to be Blank_____
depolarization
During an action potential, an increase in membrane permeability to Na+ leads to a(n) Blank______ followed by an increase in permeability to K+ that leads to a(n) Blank______ of the membrane and a slight afterhyperpolarization.
depolarization, repolarization
When the neuron membrane becomes more positive than the resting membrane potential, it is said to be Blank__
depolarized
The term "potential difference" refers to the Blank____
difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane
The concentrations of ions in the cytoplasm of neurons is Blank______ the concentrations of ions outside the cells.
different than
The motor division is also known as the ----- division of the nervous system.
efferent
The motor division is synonymous with the Blank______ division of the nervous system.
efferent
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the Blank__
efferent
n the nervous system, the term Blank______ refers to signal conduction from the CNS to effectors.
efferent
The membrane potential is a measure of Blank______ properties of the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question.
electrical
Neuroglial cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid are Blank______.
ependymal cells
The glial cells that are responsible for assisting in the movement of cerebral spinal fluid are Blank___
ependymal cells
The resting membrane potential is a(n) Blank______ that is established when the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cells is equal to the tendency for K+ to be attracted to the negatively charged proteins within the cell. Multiple choice question.
equilibrium
The resting membrane potential is a(n) Blank______ that is established when the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cells is equal to the tendency for K+ to be attracted to the negatively charged proteins within the cell.
equillibrium
Astrocytes help regulate the composition of Blank______ brain fluid.
extracellular
Cl- concentration is higher in the Blank______ fluid.
extracellular
Sodium is more concentrated in the Blank______ fluid than in the Blank______ fluid.
extracellular, intracellular
True or false: During the absolute refractory period a neuron will be re-stimulated if it reaches threshold.
f
True or false: Na+ has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to its high permeability in the membrane. True false question.True
f
True or false: The magnitude of an action potential is important in relaying information about the strength of a stimulus.
f
True or false: The magnitude of an action potential is important in relaying information about the strength of a stimulus. True false question.
f
True or false: In excitable tissues, the only channel types are ligand- and voltage-gated channels.
false
True or false: Motor neurons transmit nerve signals toward the CNS.
false
True or false: Motor neurons transmit nerve signals toward the CNS. True false question.
false
True or false: Na+ has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential due to its high permeability in the membrane. True false question.
false
Neuron communication about the strength of a stimulus is conveyed by the Blank______ of action potentials. Multiple choice question.
frequency
A group of related nerve cell bodies is located outside of the central nervous system. It is called a Blank______. Multiple choice question.
ganglia
The support cells of the nervous system are called Blank_____
glia cells
The category of cells of the nervous system that support and protect neurons are called ______ cells.
glial
The knotlike swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are found is called a Blank____
gnaglion
Binding of chemical signals to receptors, changes in membrane voltage, mechanical stimulation, temperature changes and spontaneous membrane changes can all cause Blank______ potentials.
graded
Neuron cell bodies and dendrites are found in Blank______ matter.
gray
The matter of the cerebrum, making up the cortex and deeper nuclei, is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies in the matter.
gray
Afterpotential is a period of Blank___
hyperpolar
The slow closing of voltage-gated potassium channels is the cause of Blank_____
hyperpolar
A shift in the membrane potential to a value that is more negative than the resting membrane potential is referred to as a(n) .
hyperpolarization
An increase in a membrane's permeability to Cl- will result in Blank______ of the membrane. Multiple choice question.
hyperpolarization
Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ outside of the cell ultimately causes the concentration gradient for K+ to increase, which then causes the resting membrane potential to Blank___
hyperpolarize
Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ outside of the cell ultimately causes the concentration gradient for K+ to increase, which then causes the resting membrane potential to Blank_____
hyperpolarize
A lower than normal level of calcium in the blood is called Blank____
hypocalcemia
A weak pain stimulus generates a Blank______ frequency of action potentials.
low
Touch receptors of the skin respond to stimulation using Blank______ gated ion channels. Multiple choice question.
mechanically
Because of their phagocytic function, large numbers of Blank______ are found in areas of the CNS damaged by stroke or infection.
microglia
The neuroglial cells that phagocytize dead tissue and foreign substances within the CNS are the
microglia
Glial cells are Blank______ numerous than neurons in the brain.
more
When the membrane potential increases compared to resting membrane potential, the inside of the membrane becomes Blank______ negative. This is called Blank_____
more, hyperpolarization
Efferent neurons are also known as Blank______ neurons.
motor
The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are sensory and .
motor
Axon transport is utilized by the neuron for all of the following except Blank____
moving DNA into and out of the nucleus
A neuron has many dendrites. It is classified as a(n) Blank______ neuron.
multipolar
A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites is called a neuron.
multipolar
The layer called that insulates axons, both in the CNS and PNS is called the sheath.
myelin
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly along Blank______ axons.
myelinated
The term "potential difference" refers to the Blank____
neg
The brain and spinal cord are components of the Blank______ system.
nervous
The electrically excitable cells of the nervous system are Blank___
neurons
Select all of the cell types that are components of the nervous system.
neurons glial cells
Synaptic vesicles within synaptic knobs contain chemicals called .
neurotransmitters
The intracellular fluid has essentially the same number of positive and negative charges and is therefore electrically .
neutral
What is the name of the gaps found between segments of myelin along an axon? Multiple choice question.
nodes of Ranvier
Leak ion channels are also called Blank______ channels.
nongated
A neuron with Blank______ process(es) extending from the cell body is called a pseudo-unipolar neuron.
one
A bipolar neuron has how many dendrites? Multiple choice question.
one dendrite
Because of its repulsion to the negatively charged proteins within the neurons, Cl- diffuses Blank_
out of the cell and accumulates in the extracellular fluid
Because of its repulsion to the negatively charged proteins within the neurons, Cl- diffuses Blank______. Multiple choice question.
out of the cell and accumulates in the extracellular fluid
The chloride ion is in a higher concentration Blank______ the cell. Multiple choice question.
outside
The Blank______ branch of the autonomic nervous system regulates resting functions.
parasympathetic
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that predominates when the body is quiet and calm is the division.
parasympathetic
A Schwann cell is found in the Blank______ nervous system.
peripheral
All of the nervous tissue outside the central nervous system is categorized as belonging to the Blank______ nervous system. Multiple choice question.
peripheral
Satellite cells are found in the Blank______ nervous system. Multiple choice question.
peripheral
Schwann cells and satellite cells are examples of neuroglial cells in the Blank______ nervous system.
peripheral
The sensory and motor divisions are functional branches of the Blank______ nervous system.
peripheral
The subdivision of the nervous system that is responsible for detecting stimuli in and around the body and sending that information to the central nervous system is the Blank____
peripheral nervous system
When opposite charges are arranged on opposing sides of a membrane, the membrane is said to be Blank____
polarized
Inside excitable cells at rest, you'll find high concentrations of Blank______ ions and negatively charged proteins. Multiple choice question.
potassium
Voltage-gated sodium channels close and inactivation gates open at the end of Blank__
repolarization
Voltage-gated sodium channels close and inactivation gates open at the end of Blank______.
repolarization
The transportation of sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question.
require
The parasymphathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for Blank_____
resting
The difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane in an unstimulated cell is called the potential.
resting membrane
The Blank______ is proportional to the tendency of K+ to diffuse out of the cell and not to the actual rate of flow for K+.
resting membrane potential
Propagation of an action potential down a myelinated axon requires that the action potential "jumps" from node to node in a process called Blank______ conduction.
saltatory
The intracellular fluid is considered to be electrically neutral because Blank______.
same
The specific cells that are responsible for producing myelin in the PNS are the cells.
schwann
Which muscle type contracts only when stimulated by the nervous system?
skeletal
The ion Blank______ is more concentrated in the extracellular fluid.
sodium
During an action potential, depolarization is due to Blank______ ions Blank______ the cell. Multiple choice question.
sodium entering
The cell body of a neuron is also known as the
soma
The division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent fibers to skeletal muscles is the Blank______ division. Multiple choice question.
somatic
The motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the Blank______ subdivisions. Multiple select question.
somatic autonomic
Myelin sheaths Blank______ the conduction of electrical signals.
speed up
Which part of the central nervous system is with the vertebral canal?
spinal cord
Small extensions off a dendrite surface are called dendritic
spines
Multipolar is a Blank______ classification for a neuron.
structural
When the effect of one graded potential is added to the effect of another, Blank______ occurs. Multiple choice question.
summation
A stimulus stronger than a maximal stimulus is called a Blank______ stimulus.
supramaximal
The division of the autonomic nervous system that functions to prepare the body for action is the division.
sympathetic
A junction between a neuron and another cell is called a(n)
synapse
The point of contact between an axon and its target is called a(n) Blank____
synapse
The somatic nervous system is the sub-division of the efferent division that transmits electrical impulses from Blank_____
the CNS towards skeletal muscle
Dendrites are extensions of Blank______ of a neuron. Multiple choice question.
the cell body
n order for local potentials to trigger an action potential, the membrane must reach a level called the Blank______. Multiple choice question.
threshold
Afferent neurons carry information Blank___
toward the CNS
