CH. 11 Questions

All non-heat resistant forms of bacteria, yeasts, molds, protozoa, worms and viruses are destroyed by exposure to 80οC for which minimum amount of time?

20 minutes

With the exception of endospores, almost all microorganisms are killed by chlorine in how many minutes?

30 minutes

In sterilization, which of the following are removed or destroyed?

All microorganisms

Antimicrobial solutions with water as the solvent are called________solutions, whereas antimicrobial solutions with alcohol or water-alcohol solutions are called ________.

Aqueous, Tinctures

An ________ is a sterilization chamber that allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials.

Autoclave

Which microbial agent is the most resistant to physical and chemical control methods?

Bacterial Endospores

Which is typically the most resistant to heat?

Bacterial endospores

Contaminants that can have far-reaching effects if not adequately controlled include which of the following?

Bacterial vegetative cells Fungal hyphae and spores

________spectrum action is a desirable characteristic of a germicide.

Broad

Which is the major cellular structure affected by alcohols?

Cell membrane

Which is not a form of chlorine typically used in microbial control?

Chloride

Microbes that are present at any given time and place that are undesirable or unwanted are known as which of the following?

Contaminants

Which of the following is the mechanical removal of most microbes from animate or inanimate surface?

Decontamination

________ is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.

Decontamination

Most________ methods employ either _________ or chemical agents to control microorganisms.

Decontamination, physical

Biological matter such as serum, blood or urine has which of the following effects on a germicide?

Decreases effectiveness

Identify any chemical agent used to control microbes.

Detergents Heavy Metals Halogens

Usually, UV rays are used for which of the following?

Disinfection

Chemical agents that can destroy all forms of life, including _________ are called sterilants.

Endospores

Alcohols are most effective at destroying which of the following?

Enveloped viruses Vegetative Viruses

True or false: Biological matter such as serum, blood or urine increases the effectiveness of a germicide.

False

The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause which of the following?

Food spoilage, Disease

Which of the following are examples of physical agents or mechanical means used to control microbes?

Heat Filtration Radiation

Which level germicides can function as sterilants?

High Level germicides

Metals with a ________ molecular weight can be tolix in low amounts.

High/Large

Sterilization methods are usually reserved for which of the following?

Inanimate objects

Which of the following materials require high-level germicides?

Invasive medical devices

Hydrogen peroxide can decompose in the presence of which of the following?

Light Catalase Metals

Antimicrobial chemicals can exist in what physical states?

Liquid Solids Gas

Which of the following heavy metals are still used in germicidal preparations?

Mercury and Silver

The germicidal effects of hydrogen peroxide are due to the direct and indirect actions of which gas?

Oxygen

Identify the products of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Oxygen and Water

Most sterilization is performed using a _______ agent, such as heat.

Physical agent

Which are goals of pasteurization?

Retention of Liquid qualities Reduction of microbial load

Most soaps would be considered a ________ while bleach solutions are considered a __________.

Sanitizer/Cleaner, disinfectant

Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to disinfect which of the following?

Surgical implants and bedding

Which are NOT disadvantages of using quats?

They are usually irritating to the skin They are unstable at room conditions.

Which form of light has low penetration value so, therefore, is considered useful as a disinfectant and not a sterilizer?

UV light

Which environmental conditions make chlorine unstable?

UV light Alkaline pH

All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs except which of the following?

Uniform populations of like microbes

The heat treatment of perishable liquids to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells and prevent infection and spoilage is called ______?

pasteurization