Ch 12 - Dealing with Union and Employee-Management Issues
Individuals who use illegal drugs are _____ times more likely to be in workplace accidents and _____ times more likely to file a workers' compensation claim than other employees
3.5; 5
Approximately _____ of women with children under 18 are in the workforce today
3/4
Today the average CEO makes over _____ times what the lowest-paid employee earns
350
Union membership in the public sector stands at _____% compared to just _____% in the private sector
35; 6.6
Approximately _____% of industrial injuries and fatalities can be lined to alcohol consumption
40
There are approximately _____ million Americans over the age of 65
40.3
Less than _____% of workers in the private sector are unionized and nearly half of all union members work in the _____ sector
7; public
More than _____% of full-time workers ages 18-49 use illegal drugs. This percentage is often higher in food services and construction.
8
Young urban women earn _____% more than their male counterparts due to their higher college graduation rates
8
_____ and _____ offer health-spending accounts in which employees can put aside pretax income for elder care expenses
AAA; UPS
The nonprofit _____ _____ _____ is the dominant organization used in dispute resolution
American Arbitration Association
An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues, it intentionally limited membership to skilled workers; founded in 1886
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
The _____ _____ Act of 1991 governs sexual harassment of both men and women
Civil Rights
Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
The passage of the _____-_____ Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was intended to give shareholders more say in compensation decisions and is requiring more information about executive pay packages
Dodd-Frank
The _____ _____ Act of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job
Equal Pay
The _____ _____ brought enormous productivity increases, gained through mass production and job specialization, that made the US an economic world power
Industrial Revolution
Today's unions are an outgrowth of the economic transition caused by the _____ _____ of the 19th and early 20th centuries
Industrial Revolution
Today the largest union in the US is the _____ _____ _____, this is a public sector union. The _____ _____ _____ _____ is second, the emphasis of this union is on services.
National Education Association (NEA); Service Employees International Union (SEIU)
The _____-_____ Act prohibited employers from using employment contracts that included provisions such as a yellow-dog contract
Norris-LaGuardia
The _____ Act established an administrative agency, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to oversee labor-management relations. The NLRB consists of 5 members appointed by the US president and is authorized to investigate and remedy unfair labor practices.
Wagner
Reasons statistics about women and having children and working concerns employees today: 1. _____ related to child care cost US businesses billions of dollars annually 2. the issue of who should pay for employee _____ _____ raises a question that often divides employees
absences; child care
Under a contingency called an _____ _____ _____, employers may hire workers who are not required to join the union but must pay a special union fee or regular union dues
agency shop agreement
Government officials are trying to cut labor costs. States with public sector unions have had limited ability to cut labor costs because of prior _____ with the unions that represent public workers
agreements
_____ is the most widely used drug in the workplace, with an estimated 6.5% of full-time US employees believed to be heavy drinkers
alcohol
The agreement to bring in a impartial third party (a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators) to render a binding decision in a labor dispute. They must be acceptable to both labor and management.
arbitration
The range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse
bargaining zone
Unions also attempt _____ as a means to obtain their objectives in a labor dispute. They can be classified as primary or secondary.
boycotts
Formal process whereby a union is recognized by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) as the bargaining agent for a group of employees
certification
_____ calls for cooperation between management and workers in decision making
co-determination
The process whereby union and management representatives form a labor-management agreement, or contract, for workers
collective bargaining
_____ _____ suggested people in jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, or skills should receive equal pay
comparable worth
When workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and management continue negotiations. This is done to prevent a strike.
cooling-off period
An organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade (i.e., cordwainers)
craft union
Several states are also challenging mandatory public sector union membership rules called "_____ _____ _____"
fair share dues
To grow, unions have to include more white-collar; _____, and _____-born workers than they have traditionally included
female; foreign
Concessions made by union members to management; gains from labor negotiations are given back to management to help employers remain competitive and thereby save jobs
givebacks
Labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining. John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers, led this committee
industrial unions
_____ _____ will remain a top union priority due to the threat of job losses from offshore outsourcing and free trade agreements
job security
Much of the growth and influence of organized labor in the US has depended primarily on two major factors: the _____ and _____ _____
law; public opinion
An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business
lockout
The use of third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute
mediation
_____ evaluate facts in the dispute and then make suggestions, not decisions. Elected officials, attorneys, and college professors are examples.
mediators
Labor unions were largely responsible for the establishment of _____-_____ laws, _____ rules, workers' _____, _____ pay, _____-_____ laws, job _____ regulations, and more
minimum-wage; overtime; compensation; severance; child-labor; safety
If the price of minimum wage is raised, union workers will earn _____, while other workers may lose their jobs
more
Agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time
negotiated labor-management agreement (labor contract)
The Knights' intention was to gain significant _____ power and eventually restructure the US economy
political
A _____ boycott occurs when labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products or services of a firm engaged in a labor dispute
primary
Labor unions can legally authorize _____ boycotts, but the Taft-Hartley Act prohibits using _____ boycotts
primary; secondary
Over time, the increased emphasis on _____ led firms to expand the hours of work
production
Conduct on the job can be considered illegal under specific conditions: 1. An employees submission to such conduct is explicitly or implicitly made a term or condition for employment or rejection of employment, this is known as _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment 2. The conduct unreasonably interferes with a worker's job performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment, this is known as _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment
quid pro quo; hostile work environment
The Taft-Hartley Act recognized the legality of the union shop but granted individual states the power to outlaw such agreements through _____-_____-_____ _____, legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop agreement, to join or not join a union if it is present
right-to-work laws
A _____ boycott is an attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott
secondary
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct (verbal or physical) of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment
sexual harassment
Cordwainers =
shoemakers
The vast majority of grievances are negotiated and resolved by _____ _____ - union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis
shop stewards
When strikes are prohibited, workers sometimes display their frustrations be engaging in _____ - they arrange as a group to be absent from work and claim illness as the reason
sickouts
A _____ occurs when workers collectively refuse to go to work. This is the most potent union tactic.
strike
Called scabs by unions, they are workers hired to do the jobs of striking employees until the labor dispute is resolved
strikebreakers
Many states prohibit public safety workers and teachers from _____
striking
Labor unions generally insist that a contract contain a _____ _____ _____ stipulating that employees who reap union benefits either officially join or at least pay dues to the union
union security clause
Today, unions favor the _____ _____ _____, under which workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired but must agree to join within a prescribed period
union shop agreement
Employees of the federal government, such as postal workers, can _____ but are also denied the right to strike
unionize
Workers originally formed _____ to protect themselves from intolerable work conditions and unfair treatment, and also to secure some say in the operation of their jobs
unions
_____ is a term for behavior that would offend a reasonable person
unwelcome
A type of contract that required employees to agree as a condition of employment not to join a union; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932
yellow-dog contract
Union membership is highest among workers _____-_____ years old and lowest among workers _____-_____ years old
45-64; 18-25
Only _____% of companies either currently have an elder care program of plan to introduce one in the near future
49
Drug abusers are associated with _____% on-the-job accident rates, _____% higher absenteeism, _____% more turnover, and more frequent workplace accidents
50; 10; 30
Stock options account for over _____% of a CEO's compensation, and restricted stock makes up almost _____%
50; 25
Today women earn almost _____% of the bachelor's degrees and master's degrees awarded
60
In the US today, _____ million caregivers are providing some care to an elderly person
65.7
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, _____% of US workplaces neither provide any formal training for dealing with prevention of violence at work nor have a policy that addresses workplace violence
70
In the US today, women earn _____% of what men earn
77
Today, over _____% of major companies drug test new employees and _____% conduct random drug testing
80; 40
The first truly national labor organization formed by Uriah Smith Stephens in 1869
Knights of Labor
The _____ _____ _____ Act provided labor unions with clear legal justification to pursue key issues that were strongly supported by Samuel Gompers and the AFL
National Labor Relations
The _____ _____ _____ provides federal mediators when requested in a labor dispute
National Mediation Board
After passage of the Wagner Act, unions sought strict security in the form of the _____ _____ _____, which specified that workers had to be members of a union before being hired for a job. The Labor-Management Relations Act outlawed this practice in 1947.
closed shop agreement
Most _____ _____ are established to achieve some short-range goal. After attaining their goal, the union disbands.
craft unions
The process by which workers take away a union's right to represent them
decertification
The Knights offered membership to all private working people, including _____, and promoted social causes as well as labor and economic issues
employers
Reasons for private labor's decline: increased _____ competition, shifts from _____ to service and high-tech industries that are less heavily unionized, growth in _____-_____ work, and changes in management _____
global; manufacturing; part-time; philosophies
A charge by employees that management is not abiding by the terms of the negotiated labor-management agreement. They do not imply that a company has broken the law or the labor agreement.
grievance
A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something. For a court to issue this, management must show a just cause, such as the possibility of violence or destruction of private property.
injunction
Management most often uses _____ and _____ to counter labor demands it sees as excessive
injunctions; strikebreakers
_____ (collective term for nonmanagement workers) is interested in fair and competent management, human dignity, and a reasonable share in the wealth its work generates
labor
In a right-to-work state, an _____ _____ _____ gives workers the option to join or not join a union if one exists. A worker who does not join cannot be forced to pay a fee or dues.
open shop agreement
_____ _____ goes beyond the concept of equal pay for equal work; it says people in jobs that require similar levels of education, training, or skill should receive equal pay
pay equity
Besides refusing to work, strikers may also _____ the company, walking around carrying signs and talking with the public and the media about the issues in the dispute. Unions often use this tool before going on strike.
picket
CEO compensation and bonuses are determined by the firm's _____ or an increase in its _____ prices
profitability; stock
Collective bargaining in _____ sector unions is a key issue today
public
7.2 million of the 14.5 million workers in unions work in the _____ sector, this means that _____ pay the cost of union workers' wages and benefits
public; taxpayers
An employee organization whose main goal is representing its members in employee-management negotiation of job-related issues
union
An increase in minimum wage triggers an automatic rise in _____ wages
union
Each drug abuser can cost an employer approximately $_____ annually
10,000
Homicides account for _____% of all workplace deaths and are the number _____ cause of death for women in the workplace
16; 1
A software firm Mindbridge, requires that _____ company officials must be present whenever an employee is disciplined or fired
2
More than _____ million Americans are impacted by workplace violence annually
2
_____ in 6 violent crimes in the US occur in the workplace
1