Ch 12 - Dealing with Union and Employee-Management Issues

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Individuals who use illegal drugs are _____ times more likely to be in workplace accidents and _____ times more likely to file a workers' compensation claim than other employees

3.5; 5

Approximately _____ of women with children under 18 are in the workforce today

3/4

Today the average CEO makes over _____ times what the lowest-paid employee earns

350

Union membership in the public sector stands at _____% compared to just _____% in the private sector

35; 6.6

Approximately _____% of industrial injuries and fatalities can be lined to alcohol consumption

40

There are approximately _____ million Americans over the age of 65

40.3

Less than _____% of workers in the private sector are unionized and nearly half of all union members work in the _____ sector

7; public

More than _____% of full-time workers ages 18-49 use illegal drugs. This percentage is often higher in food services and construction.

8

Young urban women earn _____% more than their male counterparts due to their higher college graduation rates

8

_____ and _____ offer health-spending accounts in which employees can put aside pretax income for elder care expenses

AAA; UPS

The nonprofit _____ _____ _____ is the dominant organization used in dispute resolution

American Arbitration Association

An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues, it intentionally limited membership to skilled workers; founded in 1886

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The _____ _____ Act of 1991 governs sexual harassment of both men and women

Civil Rights

Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

The passage of the _____-_____ Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was intended to give shareholders more say in compensation decisions and is requiring more information about executive pay packages

Dodd-Frank

The _____ _____ Act of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job

Equal Pay

The _____ _____ brought enormous productivity increases, gained through mass production and job specialization, that made the US an economic world power

Industrial Revolution

Today's unions are an outgrowth of the economic transition caused by the _____ _____ of the 19th and early 20th centuries

Industrial Revolution

Today the largest union in the US is the _____ _____ _____, this is a public sector union. The _____ _____ _____ _____ is second, the emphasis of this union is on services.

National Education Association (NEA); Service Employees International Union (SEIU)

The _____-_____ Act prohibited employers from using employment contracts that included provisions such as a yellow-dog contract

Norris-LaGuardia

The _____ Act established an administrative agency, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to oversee labor-management relations. The NLRB consists of 5 members appointed by the US president and is authorized to investigate and remedy unfair labor practices.

Wagner

Reasons statistics about women and having children and working concerns employees today: 1. _____ related to child care cost US businesses billions of dollars annually 2. the issue of who should pay for employee _____ _____ raises a question that often divides employees

absences; child care

Under a contingency called an _____ _____ _____, employers may hire workers who are not required to join the union but must pay a special union fee or regular union dues

agency shop agreement

Government officials are trying to cut labor costs. States with public sector unions have had limited ability to cut labor costs because of prior _____ with the unions that represent public workers

agreements

_____ is the most widely used drug in the workplace, with an estimated 6.5% of full-time US employees believed to be heavy drinkers

alcohol

The agreement to bring in a impartial third party (a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators) to render a binding decision in a labor dispute. They must be acceptable to both labor and management.

arbitration

The range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse

bargaining zone

Unions also attempt _____ as a means to obtain their objectives in a labor dispute. They can be classified as primary or secondary.

boycotts

Formal process whereby a union is recognized by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) as the bargaining agent for a group of employees

certification

_____ calls for cooperation between management and workers in decision making

co-determination

The process whereby union and management representatives form a labor-management agreement, or contract, for workers

collective bargaining

_____ _____ suggested people in jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, or skills should receive equal pay

comparable worth

When workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and management continue negotiations. This is done to prevent a strike.

cooling-off period

An organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade (i.e., cordwainers)

craft union

Several states are also challenging mandatory public sector union membership rules called "_____ _____ _____"

fair share dues

To grow, unions have to include more white-collar; _____, and _____-born workers than they have traditionally included

female; foreign

Concessions made by union members to management; gains from labor negotiations are given back to management to help employers remain competitive and thereby save jobs

givebacks

Labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining. John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers, led this committee

industrial unions

_____ _____ will remain a top union priority due to the threat of job losses from offshore outsourcing and free trade agreements

job security

Much of the growth and influence of organized labor in the US has depended primarily on two major factors: the _____ and _____ _____

law; public opinion

An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business

lockout

The use of third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute

mediation

_____ evaluate facts in the dispute and then make suggestions, not decisions. Elected officials, attorneys, and college professors are examples.

mediators

Labor unions were largely responsible for the establishment of _____-_____ laws, _____ rules, workers' _____, _____ pay, _____-_____ laws, job _____ regulations, and more

minimum-wage; overtime; compensation; severance; child-labor; safety

If the price of minimum wage is raised, union workers will earn _____, while other workers may lose their jobs

more

Agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time

negotiated labor-management agreement (labor contract)

The Knights' intention was to gain significant _____ power and eventually restructure the US economy

political

A _____ boycott occurs when labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products or services of a firm engaged in a labor dispute

primary

Labor unions can legally authorize _____ boycotts, but the Taft-Hartley Act prohibits using _____ boycotts

primary; secondary

Over time, the increased emphasis on _____ led firms to expand the hours of work

production

Conduct on the job can be considered illegal under specific conditions: 1. An employees submission to such conduct is explicitly or implicitly made a term or condition for employment or rejection of employment, this is known as _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment 2. The conduct unreasonably interferes with a worker's job performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment, this is known as _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment

quid pro quo; hostile work environment

The Taft-Hartley Act recognized the legality of the union shop but granted individual states the power to outlaw such agreements through _____-_____-_____ _____, legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop agreement, to join or not join a union if it is present

right-to-work laws

A _____ boycott is an attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott

secondary

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct (verbal or physical) of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment

sexual harassment

Cordwainers =

shoemakers

The vast majority of grievances are negotiated and resolved by _____ _____ - union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis

shop stewards

When strikes are prohibited, workers sometimes display their frustrations be engaging in _____ - they arrange as a group to be absent from work and claim illness as the reason

sickouts

A _____ occurs when workers collectively refuse to go to work. This is the most potent union tactic.

strike

Called scabs by unions, they are workers hired to do the jobs of striking employees until the labor dispute is resolved

strikebreakers

Many states prohibit public safety workers and teachers from _____

striking

Labor unions generally insist that a contract contain a _____ _____ _____ stipulating that employees who reap union benefits either officially join or at least pay dues to the union

union security clause

Today, unions favor the _____ _____ _____, under which workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired but must agree to join within a prescribed period

union shop agreement

Employees of the federal government, such as postal workers, can _____ but are also denied the right to strike

unionize

Workers originally formed _____ to protect themselves from intolerable work conditions and unfair treatment, and also to secure some say in the operation of their jobs

unions

_____ is a term for behavior that would offend a reasonable person

unwelcome

A type of contract that required employees to agree as a condition of employment not to join a union; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932

yellow-dog contract

Union membership is highest among workers _____-_____ years old and lowest among workers _____-_____ years old

45-64; 18-25

Only _____% of companies either currently have an elder care program of plan to introduce one in the near future

49

Drug abusers are associated with _____% on-the-job accident rates, _____% higher absenteeism, _____% more turnover, and more frequent workplace accidents

50; 10; 30

Stock options account for over _____% of a CEO's compensation, and restricted stock makes up almost _____%

50; 25

Today women earn almost _____% of the bachelor's degrees and master's degrees awarded

60

In the US today, _____ million caregivers are providing some care to an elderly person

65.7

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, _____% of US workplaces neither provide any formal training for dealing with prevention of violence at work nor have a policy that addresses workplace violence

70

In the US today, women earn _____% of what men earn

77

Today, over _____% of major companies drug test new employees and _____% conduct random drug testing

80; 40

The first truly national labor organization formed by Uriah Smith Stephens in 1869

Knights of Labor

The _____ _____ _____ Act provided labor unions with clear legal justification to pursue key issues that were strongly supported by Samuel Gompers and the AFL

National Labor Relations

The _____ _____ _____ provides federal mediators when requested in a labor dispute

National Mediation Board

After passage of the Wagner Act, unions sought strict security in the form of the _____ _____ _____, which specified that workers had to be members of a union before being hired for a job. The Labor-Management Relations Act outlawed this practice in 1947.

closed shop agreement

Most _____ _____ are established to achieve some short-range goal. After attaining their goal, the union disbands.

craft unions

The process by which workers take away a union's right to represent them

decertification

The Knights offered membership to all private working people, including _____, and promoted social causes as well as labor and economic issues

employers

Reasons for private labor's decline: increased _____ competition, shifts from _____ to service and high-tech industries that are less heavily unionized, growth in _____-_____ work, and changes in management _____

global; manufacturing; part-time; philosophies

A charge by employees that management is not abiding by the terms of the negotiated labor-management agreement. They do not imply that a company has broken the law or the labor agreement.

grievance

A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something. For a court to issue this, management must show a just cause, such as the possibility of violence or destruction of private property.

injunction

Management most often uses _____ and _____ to counter labor demands it sees as excessive

injunctions; strikebreakers

_____ (collective term for nonmanagement workers) is interested in fair and competent management, human dignity, and a reasonable share in the wealth its work generates

labor

In a right-to-work state, an _____ _____ _____ gives workers the option to join or not join a union if one exists. A worker who does not join cannot be forced to pay a fee or dues.

open shop agreement

_____ _____ goes beyond the concept of equal pay for equal work; it says people in jobs that require similar levels of education, training, or skill should receive equal pay

pay equity

Besides refusing to work, strikers may also _____ the company, walking around carrying signs and talking with the public and the media about the issues in the dispute. Unions often use this tool before going on strike.

picket

CEO compensation and bonuses are determined by the firm's _____ or an increase in its _____ prices

profitability; stock

Collective bargaining in _____ sector unions is a key issue today

public

7.2 million of the 14.5 million workers in unions work in the _____ sector, this means that _____ pay the cost of union workers' wages and benefits

public; taxpayers

An employee organization whose main goal is representing its members in employee-management negotiation of job-related issues

union

An increase in minimum wage triggers an automatic rise in _____ wages

union

Each drug abuser can cost an employer approximately $_____ annually

10,000

Homicides account for _____% of all workplace deaths and are the number _____ cause of death for women in the workplace

16; 1

A software firm Mindbridge, requires that _____ company officials must be present whenever an employee is disciplined or fired

2

More than _____ million Americans are impacted by workplace violence annually

2

_____ in 6 violent crimes in the US occur in the workplace

1


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