Ch. 12 (Final), Ch. 13 (Final), Ch. 15 (Final), Ch. 14 (Final), Ch. 16 (Final), Ch. 17 (Final)
_____ is leading the world in managerial compensation.
United States
Which of the following may be a hindrance to successful knowledge management? a. Bonuses to measurable knowledge outflows and inflows b. Investment in codifying tacit knowledge c. Facilitation of informal social capital d. Use of single-subsidiary-based incentives
Use of single-subsidiary-based incentives
____ is the ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it, and apply it.
absorptive capacity
In the context of which of the following strategic responses, would adopting a code of conduct be a tangible indication of a firm's willingness to accept CSR?
accomodative
The _____ strategy is characterized by some support from top managers, who may increasingly view CSR as a worthwhile endeavor.
accomodative
A(n) ____ is the transfer of the control of operations and management from one firm to another with the former becoming a unit of the latter.
acquisition
The difference between the acquisition price and the market value of target firms is called _____.
acquisition premium
Enhancing ____ often entails making a series of make-or-buy decisions.
adaptability
____ refers to the ability to change supply chain configurations in response to long-term changes in the environment and technology.
adaptability
____ requires firms to continuously monitor major geopolitical, social, and technological trends in the world, and reconfigure the supply chain accordingly.
adaptability
The costs associated with principal-agent relationships are called _____.
agency costs
____ are persons to whom authority is delegated.
agents
____ focuses on flexibility that can overcome short-term fluctuation in the supply chain.
agility
_____ refers to the ability to quickly react to unexpected shifts in supply and demand.
agility
The category of customers who are skeptical about whether global brands deliver higher quality goods are called _____.
antiglobals
The institution-based view driving alliances and acquisitions focuses on _____ concerns.
antitrust
The most widely used method in expatriate compensation is _____.
balance sheet approach
Loan issued by the firm is called a(n) _____.
bond
A _____ is a set of written policies and standards outlining the proper practices for a firm.
code of conduct
A code of conduct is also called _____.
code of ethics
In HRM, _____ refers to the determination of salary and benefits.
compensation
Pre-acquisition analysis often focuses on strategic fit, which is the effective matching of ____ strategic capabilities.
complementary
In _____ ownership and control, founders start up firms and completely own and control them on an individual or family basis.
concentrated
The vast majority of large firms throughout continental Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa feature _____ ownership.
concentrated family
Corporations in _____ are bank-oriented, network-based systems.
continental Europe
A non-equity based alliance is also called a _____.
contractual alliance
_____ is the relationship among various participants in determining the direction and performance of corporations.
corporate governance
_____ is the consideration of, and response to, issues beyond the narrow economic, technical, and legal requirements of the firm to accomplish social benefits along with the traditional economic gains a firm seeks.
corporate social responsibility
When an MNE is locally responsive, _____.
cost increase
_____ refers to the positive or negative perception of firms and products from a certain country.
country of origin effect
Listing shares on foreign stock exchanges is known as _____.
cross listing
In the context of equity-based alliances, _____ involves both firms investing in each other.
cross-shareholding
_____ refers to a loan that the firm needs to pay back at a given time with interest.
debt
At stage 1 in the formation of an alliance, a firm must _____. a. check the degree of tacitness b. evaluate institutional constraints c. decide whether growth can be achieved through market transactions d. choose between a contract or an equity approach
decide whether growth can be achieved through market transactions
_____ refers to a firm's failure to satisfy the terms of a loan obligation.
default
A(n) _____ strategy focuses on regulatory compliance.
defensive
The general attitude of the top management using a(n) _____ strategy is that CSR is an added cost or nuisance.
defensive
_____ refers to longer term, broader preparation to improve managerial skills for a better career.
development
Firms with ____ ownership have a separation of ownership and control.
diffused
Firms with ____ ownership have numerous small shareholders but none with a dominant level of control.
diffused
Technically, place in the four Ps of marketing is also often referred to as the _____.
distribution channel
_____ is the set of firms that facilitate the movement of goods from producers to consumers.
distribution channel
The act of investigating prior to signing contracts is called _____.
due dilligence
_____ refers to the stock in a firm (usually expressed in shares), which represents the owners' rights.
equity
_____ alliances are based on ownership or financial interest between the firms.
equity based
In an MNE, a perceived lack of talent and skills of HCNs often necessitates a(n) _____ approach.
ethnocentric
A(n) _____ emphasizes the norms and practices of the parent company relying on parent-country nationals.
ethnocentric approach
Corporations in the United States and the United Kingdom rely mostly on _____. a. voice-based, internal mechanism b. bank-oriented, network-based systems c. bank-oriented, high-tension systems d. exit-based, external mechanism
exit-based, external mechanism
The process of selecting, managing, and motivating non-native employees to work abroad is called _____.
expatiration
Non-native employees who work and reside in a foreign country are known as _____.
expatriates
Activities that enrich controlling shareholders at the expense of minority shareholders are referred to as _____.
expropriation
Knowledge acquisition, one of the knowledge management elements, faces the common problem of _____. a. "How does it help me? " syndrome b. failure to share and integrate external knowledge c. "Not invented here " syndrome d. absorptive capacity
failure to share and integrate external knowledge
Disregarding nationality, a(n) _____ approach focuses on finding the most suitable managers, who can be PCNs, HCNs, or TCNs.
geocentric
Which of the following staffing approaches is said to be color blind (the "color" refers to the color of the manager's passport)?
geocentric approach
The _____ structure is appropriate for a localization strategy.
geographic area
MNEs adopting the _____ strategy may designate centers of excellence.
global
In the context of the customer-focused dimension of a global matrix, the _____ structure supplies customers in a coordinated and consistent way across various countries
global account
For which of the following categories of customers can MNEs market localized products and services under local brands?
global agnostics
Which of the following category of customers are most likely to lead anti-globalization demonstrations?
global agnostics
The category of customers who are in favor of buying global brands that signal prestige and cachet are called _____.
global citizens
The category of customers who may not be able to afford, but nevertheless admire, global brands are called _____.
global dreamers
The hallmark of the _____ structure is the coordination of responsibilities between product divisions and geographic areas.
global matrix
The _____ structure allows for consolidation on a worldwide or regional basis and reduces inefficient duplication in multiple countries.
global product division
The _____ structure is the opposite of the geographic area structure.
global product division
The _____ strategy focuses on development and distribution of standardized products worldwide to reap maximum benefits from low-cost advantages.
global standard
An MNE following a _____ strategy is more likely to hire a mix of parent-, host-, and third-country nationals as managers in their local subsidiary.
global standardization
The global product division structure supports the _____ strategy.
global standardization
In which of the following strategies is knowledge mostly developed and retained at the center and key locations?
global standardization strategy
_____ is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
global sustainability
The second phase in an alliance dissolution is _____.
going public
Which is one of the four phases in an alliance dissolution?
going public
A compensation approach that pays expatriates the prevailing rate for comparable positions in a host country is called the _____ approach.
going rate
Compensation with a _____ makes locations, where pay is higher than in their home country, a more attractive place to work for PCNs and TCNs.
going rate approach
When expatriates evaluate HCNs, cultural difference may create problems. In ____ countries, performance appraisals based on subordinate expressions could potentially undermine the power and status of supervisors.
high power distance
MNEs with a _____ strategic orientation follow an ethnocentric staffing approach.
home replication
Which of the following strategies is often known as "international strategy"?
home replication
Which of the following strategies is usually the first one adopted when firms venture abroad?
home replication strategy
In staffing, elimination of language and cultural barriers is an advantage of hiring _____.
host country nationals
MNEs pursuing localization strategy typically hire _____ as top managers at local subsidiaries.
host country nationals
The majority of a multinational enterprise's employees would typically comprise of _____.
host country nationals
Which of the following types of employees in MNEs are often known as locals?
host country nationals
Bristall Inc. is a steel manufacturing company headquartered in the United States with subsidiaries in India, China, and the United States. To create a global mind-set for its subsidiary employees, Bristall Inc. relocated its employees in India to the United States. This employee relocation is an example of _____.
inpatriation
Relocating employees of a foreign subsidiary to the MNE's headquarters for the purposes of filling skill shortages at headquarters and developing a global mind-set for such employees is called _____.
inpatriation
A member of the board who is a top executive of the firm is called a(n) _____.
inside director
Which of the following stakeholders has the most concern over short-term revenue falling during mergers and acquisitions?
investors
Which element of knowledge management faces the common problem of "Not invented here" syndrome?
knowledge inflow
Which element of knowledge management faces the common problem of absorptive capacity?
knowledge inflow
Which element of knowledge management faces the common problem of employee turnover?
knowledge retention
Which of the following occurs in the uncoupling stage of an alliance dissolution?
last minute salvage
_____ is a means by which investors, often in partnership with incumbent managers, issue bonds and use the cash raised to purchase the firm's stock.
leveraged buyout
Private equity is primarily invested through _____.
leveraged buyouts
MNEs interested in a _____ strategy are typically polycentric in nature when staffing.
localization
The _____ strategy focuses on a number of foreign countries/regions, each of which is regarded as a standalone market worthy of significant attention and adaptation.
localization
The _____ strategy is also known as multidomestic strategy.
localization
The _____ strategy is an extension of the home replication strategy.
localization
Which of the following strategies has the lowest interdependence on knowledge management?
localization strategy
Which strategy is best for environments where there are clear differences among national and regional markets and there is a low pressure for cost reduction?
localization strategy
The main external governance mechanism is the _____. a. market for corporate control b. market for product competition c. market for private equity d. market for stock options
market for corporate control
_____ refers to a philosophy or way of thinking that places the highest priority on the creation of superior customer value in the marketplace.
market orientation
_____ divides consumers based on purchasing behavior.
market segmentation
The combination of operations and management of two firms to establish a new legal entity is called a(n) _____.
merger
____ is the informal interpersonal relationships among managers of different units that may greatly facilitate intersubsidiary cooperation among various units.
micro-macro link
____ innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and expand the markets for external use of innovation.
open
In an alliance, keeping critical skills and technologies not meant to be shared a secret helps prevent _____.
opportunism
In the context of acquisitions, the similarity in cultures, systems, and structures between firms is called _____.
organizational fit
A non-management member of the board is called _____.
outside director
_____ are often labeled independent directors.
outside directors
MNEs pursuing home replication strategy typically hire _____ as top managers at local subsidiaries.
parent country nationals
_____ entails the evaluation of employee's work for promotion, retention, or termination purposes.
performance appraisal
A _____ approach is the opposite of an ethnocentric approach.
polycentric
Which of the following staffing approaches focuses on the norms and practices of the host country?
polycentric approach
Which of the following is a key element to achieving alignment in the supply chain?
power
____ refers to the expenditures a customer is willing to pay for a product.
price
_____ shows how demand changes when price changes.
price elasticity
Constituents on which the firm relies for its continuous survival and prosperity are _____ groups.
primary stakeholder
Social issue participation refers to a firm's participation in social causes not directly related to the management of its _____.
primary stakeholders
In an agency relationship, a person who delegates authority is called a(n) _____.
principal
The conflicts between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders are called _____.
principal-principal conflicts
Equity capital invested in non-public companies is called _____.
private equity
A strategy that endeavors to do more than is required in CSR is called a(n) _____ strategy.
proactive
From a CSR perspective, the best firms embrace a(n) _____ strategy when engaging in CSR.
proactive
It is not realistic to implement a(n) _____ strategy when the firm has numerous reactive employees and consumers.
proactive
Top management at a(n) _____ firm not only supports and champions CSR activities, but also views CSR as a source of differentiation that permeates throughout the corporate DNA.
proactive
_____ firms actively participate in regional, national, and international policy and standards discussions.
proactive
_____ firms often build alliances with stakeholder groups.
proactive
_____ firms often engage in voluntary activities that go beyond what is required by regulations.
proactive
_____ refers to all the communications that marketers insert into the marketplace.
promotion
An informal understanding of expected delivery of benefits in the future for current services is referred to as a(n) _____.
psychological contract
The ability to successfully manage interfirm relationships is called _____.
rational capability
A strategy that would only respond to CSR causes when required by disasters and outcries is called a(n) _____ strategy.
reactive
A(n) _____ strategy is indicated by relatively little or no support by top management of CSR causes.
reactive
A(n) ____ is an investment in real operations as opposed to financial capital.
real option
In terms of corporate social responsibility, MNEs should: a. get involved in the internal political affairs of the host country. b. offer bribes and gifts to public servants whenever required. c. avoid giving advance notice of plant closures. d. reinvest some profits in the host country.
reinvest some profits in the host country.
In supply chain management, _____ is a focus to establish, maintain, and enhance associations with customers.
relationship orientation
Returning expatriates are referred to as _____.
repatriates
_____ groups are those who influence or affect, or are influenced or affected by, the corporation, but are not engaged in transactions with the corporation and are not essential for its survival.
secondary stakeholder
_____ explicitly places shareholders as the single most important stakeholder group.
shareholder capitalism
Free market advocates believe that the first and foremost stakeholder group is _____.
shareholders
The owners of a firm are often known as _____.
shareholders
____ is the informal benefits individuals and organizations derive from their networks.
social capital
In the context of the customer-focused dimension of a global matrix, the _____ structure allows a provider to sell whatever combination of goods and services that customers prefer, including rivals' offerings.
solutions based
_____ refers to HRM activities associated with hiring employees and filling positions.
staffing
At which stage in the formation of alliance must a firm decide whether to take a contract or an equity approach?
stage 2
Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization's objectives is called a(n) _____.
stakeholder
Corporate governance in ____ enterprises has relatively weak external and weak internal governance mechanisms.
state owned
In which type of equity-based alliance does one firm invest in another?
strategic investment
____ is the flow of products, services, finances, and information that passes through a set of entities from a source to the customer.
supply chain
In the context of the motives for acquisition, from a resource-based view, the most important _____ rationale is to leverage superior resources.
synergistic
Which of the following motives for acquisition faces the resource-based issue of access to complementary resources?
synergistic
With respect to the motives for acquisition, _____ motives add value.
synergistic
Corporations in _____ are market-oriented, high-tension systems.
the United States
In terms of the supply chain, alignment is best defined as _____. a. the combining of interests of various players involved in the supply chain b. the ability to change supply chain configurations in response to long-term changes in the environment and technology c. the ability to quickly react to unexpected shifts in supply and demand d. the way to identify consumers who differ from others in purchasing behavior
the combining of interests of various players involved in the supply chain
The set of informal institutions that stresses the cognitive pillar lays emphasis on _____. a. establishing wholly owned subsidiaries b. granting more liberal policies c. copying reputable organizations to ensure a low-cost way to gain legitimacy d. the internalized taken-for-granted values and beliefs that guide firm behavior
the internalized taken-for-granted values and beliefs that guide firm behavior
The basic laws in supply and demand suggest that in general, the larger the pool of capital providers: a. the lower the cost of capital. b. the higher the rate of return. c. the more likely a firm will default on loan obligations. d. the higher the ROI for investors.
the lower the cost of capital.
Who benefits the most from the acquisition premium valued during an acquisition?
the shareholders of the target firm
_____ is the cost needed to own a product, consisting of initial purchase cost and follow-up maintenance/service cost.
total cost of ownership
_____ is specific preparation to do a particular job.
training
In theory, a global matrix structure supports the goals of the _____ strategy.
transnational
MNEs with a _____ strategic orientation follow a geocentric staffing approach
transnational
The _____ strategy endeavors to be simultaneously cost efficient, locally responsive, and learning-driven around the world.
transnational
Which strategy is organizationally complex and most difficult to implement?
transnational strategy
The two key elements to achieve alignment are power and _____.
trust
A form of corporate theft that diverts resources from the firm for personal or family use is called _____.
tunneling
In the context of governance mechanisms, _____ mechanism refers to shareholders' willingness to work with managers, usually through the board.
voice based
Corporations in continental Europe and Japan rely mostly on _____. a. voice-based, internal mechanisms b. market-oriented, network-based systems c. market-oriented, high-tension systems d. exit-based, external mechanisms
voice-based, internal mechanisms
Knowledge outflow, one of the knowledge management elements, faces the common problem of _____. a. inappropriate channels b. absorptive capacity c. "How does it help me?" syndrome d. "Not invented here" syndrome
"How does it help me?" syndrome
_____ is a neutral, third-party intermediary in the supply chain that provides logistics and other support services.
3PL
Which of the following is one of the four segments of the strategic response framework? a. Accommodative b. Aggressive c. Interactive d. Offensive
Accommodative
Which of the following statements about the board of directors is untrue? a. Boards advise the CEO. b. Boards carry out resource acquisition for the focal firm. c. Affiliated directors are independent directors. d. Boards' effectiveness stems from norms.
Affiliated directors are independent directors.
Which of the following was considered the primary sector for organized economic activities during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries? a. Retail b. Agriculture c. Manufacturing d. Service
Agriculture
Which of the following is one of the triple As in supply chain management? a. Accountability b. Accessibility c. Applicability d. Alignment
Alignment
Which of the following statements about governance mechanisms is misleading? a. Governance mechanisms can be classified as voice-based and exit-based mechanisms. b. As an external governance mechanism, private equity utilizes the stock market to discipline managers. c. In general, boards are likely to use "carrots" before considering "sticks." d. Product market competition complements the market for corporate control and the market for private equity.
As an external governance mechanism, private equity utilizes the stock market to discipline managers.
Which of the following must be practiced to avoid blunders in international marketing? a. Encourage ethnocentrism b. Encourage the pushy salesman approach c. Be susceptible to nationalistic feelings of local consumers, employees, and governments d. Save back-translation cost
Be susceptible to nationalistic feelings of local consumers, employees, and governments
Executives on the top management team (TMT) are led by the _____.
CEO
Which of the following statement concerning principal-agent versus principal-principal conflicts is true? a. Formal institutional protection is often lacking in principal-agent conflicts. b. Courts are more protective of minority shareholder rights in principal-principal conflicts. c. Manifestations in principal-agent conflicts take the form of expropriation. d. Considering ownership pattern in principal-principal conflicts, often greater than 50 percent of equity is controlled by the largest shareholders.
Considering ownership pattern in principal-principal conflicts, often greater than 50 percent of equity is controlled by the largest shareholders.
Which are the two primary pressures MNEs confront? a. Ethics and governance b. Cost reductions and local responsiveness c. Liability of foreignness and investment risk d. Ethics and local responsiveness
Cost reductions and local responsiveness
Market orientation seeks to place the highest priority on which of the following? a. Coordinating operations b. Supply chain efficiency c. Relationships with customers d. Creation of superior customer value
Creation of superior customer value
In the context of acquisitions, which of the following is a resource-based issue faced by synergistic motives? a. Herd behavior b. Enhancement of market power and scale economies c. Chasing fads of M&As d. Self-interested actions
Enhancement of market power and scale economies
Which of the following is an example of secondary stakeholder groups? a. Suppliers b. Environmental groups c. Managers d. Employee groups
Environmental groups
Which of the following is a part of the triple bottom line? a. Legal performance b. International performance c. Environmental performance d. Psychological performance
Environmental performance
Which of the following is an advantage of hiring parent-country nationals? a. Lesser international exposure for managers b. Eliminates cultural and language barriers c. Bridges gap between headquarters and subsidiary d. Facilitates control and coordination by headquarters
Facilitates control and coordination by headquarters
Which of the following are not engaged in transactions with the corporation and are not essential for its survival? a. Employees b. Fair labor associations c. Governments d. Regulation communities
Fair labor associations
Which country is now Manpower's largest market ahead of the United States?
France
Which of the following alliances is a contractual alliance?
Franchising
Which of the following corporate social responsibilities with regard to employment practices is recommended for MNEs by international organizations? a. Restrict collective bargaining b. Give advance notice of plant closures and mitigate the adverse effects c. Refrain from improper or illegal involvement in local politics d. Consult governmental authorities and national employers' and workers' organizations to ensure conformance to the economic and social development policies
Give advance notice of plant closures and mitigate the adverse effects
For which of the following customer categories are firms advised to leverage the global brands and their relatively more standardized products and services? a. Global dreamers and antiglobals b. Global citizens and global dreamers c. Antiglobals and global agnostics d. Global agnostics and global citizens
Global citizens and global dreamers
Which is the best-case scenario for an equity-based alliance? a. High tacitness and high importance to direct organizational monitoring and control b. Low potential as real options and low influence of formal institutions c. High tacitness and low influence of formal institutions d. Low tacitness and high importance to direct organizational monitoring and control
High tacitness and high importance to direct organizational monitoring and control
____ refers to overconfidence in one's capabilities.
Hubris
Which of the following is an advantage of using the balance sheet approach of compensation? a. It does not create disparity in pay between expatriates and HCNs. b. It creates less fluctuation between overseas and parent country pay during repatriation. c. It is organizationally less complex to administer. d. It is the cheapest method of managerial compensation for expatriation.
It creates less fluctuation between overseas and parent country pay during repatriation.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the home replication strategy? a. It lacks local responsiveness. b. It is organizationally complex and difficult to implement. c. It focuses too much on the foreign country. d. It has higher costs due to duplication of efforts in multiple countries.
It lacks local responsiveness.
Which is the best-case scenario for a non-equity-based alliance? a. High tacitness and low influence of formal institutions b. Low potential as real options and low influence of formal institutions c. High tacitness and high importance of direct organizational monitoring and control d. Low tacitness and low importance of direct organizational monitoring and control
Low tacitness and low importance of direct organizational monitoring and control
Which of the following is an advantage of hiring parent-country nationals (PCNs)? a. Increases opportunities for HCNs b. Opportunities for host-country nationals will be abundant. c. Adaptation will take lesser time. d. Managers are given international experience.
Managers are given international experience.
Which of the following was considered the secondary sector for organized economic activities during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries? a. Retail b. Residual service activities c. Manufacturing d. Agriculture
Manufacturing
Which of the following reasons for cross-border acquisition failure is associated with pre-acquisition? a. Failure to address multiple stakeholder groups' concerns b. Poor organizational fit c. Nationalistic concerns against foreign takeovers (political and media levels) d. Clashes of organizational cultures
Nationalistic concerns against foreign takeovers (political and media levels)
_____ are associations between firms that are based on contracts and do not involve the sharing of ownership.
Non-equity based alliances
Which of the following is a disadvantage of alliances? a. Lack of learning race b. Partner opportunism c. Value as real options d. Scale up and scale down of investments
Partner opportunism
Which of the following is an example of tacit knowledge? a. Performing surgery b. A product manual c. HR policies d. Writing an e-mail
Performing surgery
Which of the following four Ps in the marketing mix includes the online marketplace? a. Place b. Promotion c. Pointcasting d. Positioning
Place
In a non-equity-based alliance, which of the following should be high for possible upgrading to equity-based relationships? a. Degree of tacitness b. Importance of direct organizational monitoring and control c. Potential as real option d. Influence of formal institutions
Potential as real option
Which of the following four Ps of marketing includes TV, radio, print, and online advertising, as well as coupons, direct mail, billboards, direct marketing, and public relations? a. Prospecting b. Promotion c. Pointcasting d. Positioning
Promotion
Which of the following is one of the four Ps in the marketing mix? a. Perfection b. Promotion c. Power d. Perception
Promotion
Which of the following is one of the underlying motivations behind MNEs voluntary "green practices"? a. CSR demands satisfied by customers in developing countries b. Strong military and legal supervision in the host countries c. Requirements of MNE headquarters for worldwide compliance of higher CSR standards d. Constant interference in collective bargaining
Requirements of MNE headquarters for worldwide compliance of higher CSR standards
Which of the following was viewed the tertiary sector for organized economic activities during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries? a. Agriculture b. Residual service activities c. Manufacturing d. Retail
Residual service activities
Which of the following corporate social responsibilities is recommended for MNEs by the UN? a. Respect the rights for employees to engage in collective bargaining b. Refrain from improper or illegal involvement in local politics c. Respect human rights and fundamental freedoms in host countries d. Provide reasonable terms and conditions when granting licenses for industrial property rights
Respect human rights and fundamental freedoms in host countries
Which of the following drives the urgent need for global sustainability? a. Internationalization of firms from the U.S. in a more rapid pace than ever b. Decreased participation of NGOs in monitoring and enforcing social standards c. Rising levels of population and poverty calling for new ideas and solutions d. The discovery of new sources of non-renewable natural resources
Rising levels of population and poverty calling for new ideas and solutions
Which of the following is an example of a primary stakeholder group? a. Shareholders b. Fair labor practice groups c. Public agencies d. Environmental groups
Shareholders
Which of the following alliances is an equity-based alliance?
Strategic investment
Which of the following statements with respect to differences in knowledge management among the four types of MNEs is true? a. Interdependence on knowledge management in moderate in a transnational strategy. b. The role of foreign subsidiaries in a localization strategy is to adapt and leverage parent company competencies. c. There is extensive flow of knowledge and people in multiple directions in a transnational strategy. d. Knowledge is developed and retained within each subsidiary in a home replication strategy.
There is extensive flow of knowledge and people in multiple directions in a transnational strategy.
