Ch. 12 USH North and South

Slave Codes

Controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights like gathering in groups or leaving the planation without a pass. aka Black Codes or Negro Laws.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Rebellion in which Nat Turner led a group of slaves through Virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill whites. Caused months of violence

strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks

Rhode Island System

Domestic Slave Trade

Sale and transport of enslaved people in the Upper South in during the mid-1800s

prejudice

an unfair opinion of a group. At this time it was based on skin color

consequences of the cotton gin

cotton production increased, slavery increased, increased cotton growth in the Deep South

Factory Conditions

dangerous, long hours, little pay, women and children work

1st phase of industrialization

employers divided jobs into smaller steps (e.x. one worker would spin thread all day, and another would weave cloth)

yeomen

farmers who owned 50-200 acres, lived in Upper South. Owned few to no slaves.

trade union

group of workers with the same trade, or skill. Have more power to bargain for wages and benefits together

McCormick Reaper

increased ability to harvest wheat. Wheat became the main crop of the Great Plains/prairie.

each part is made exactly the same to be able to exchange them

interchangeable parts

Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

iron cook stoves, indoor water pumps, matches, safety pins

make large numbers of identical goods

mass production

military inspection of enslaved people and free blacks

muster

strike

to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

Descrimination

unfair treatment .of a group. Examples included excluding African Americans from voting, attending public schools, and using public services

2nd-3rd Phases of industrialization

2nd: Entrepreneurs built factories, 3rd: workers used machines to complete tasks

telegraph

A device that used electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances.

Southern Industry

Based on agriculture and slave labor. Little manufacturing and unlinked railroads

innovation

Changes in industry and technology with how Americans worked, traveled, communicated.

child labor

Children worked 6 days a week, 12 hours a day. Reformers called for labor laws.

spirituals

Emotional Christian songs that blended African and European music

wrote an autobiography about her experiences as a slave girl

Harriet Jacobs

Canals connected lakes and rivers, opening new shipping routes. The railroads ran along short stretches of track that connected mines with nearby rivers. This provided fast affordable train travel that allowed new settlements in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

How did canals and railroads benefit people in the Northwest?

Employers divided jobs into smaller steps Each worker specialized in one step and became an expert in it.

How did people's work change during the first phase of industrialization in the North?

It changed the economy, gave rise to large plantations, strengthened the Southern reliance on slavery, and brought wealth and people to the Sothern states.

How did the cotton gin influence production in the South?

Men went to the workplace while women were devoted to the homes.

How were the roles of middle-class men and women divided in the mid-1800?

John Deere steel plow

Invented in 1837, allowed farmers to cut through the hard-packed prairie sod of the Great Plains.

overseer

Plantation manager

framing blacks for crimes, violent punishments in the streets, stealing from homes

What are some events that occur during the muster Harriet Jacobs writes about?

Enslaved people tried to resist slavery through revolts. These acts included working slowly or pretending to be ill. Sometimes, they might set fire to plantations.

What did enslaved people try to resist slavery?

Cotton production impacted slavery immensely. Because workers were needed to produce cotton and sugar, enslaving African American became big business.

What effect did the change in cotton production have on slavery?

African American were not allowed to vote. In addition, they were not allowed to own land and to use public services.

What forms of decimation did most African Americans in the North face in the mid-1800s?

plantation owners

What group of Southerners measured wealth partly by the number of enslaved people, fixed costs, traveled.

One reason was the boom in cotton.

What is one reason industry developed slowly in the South?

Southern States- South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, etc.

What states were major cotton producers by 1860?

The U.S. economy was based much more on agriculture and natural resources, however: it quickly became necessary for the U.S. to develop their own industry and technology in order to produce enough goods & resources and to transport them.

What was the U.S. economy based on before the Industrial Revolution?

The primary way was to rely on natural waterways to transport their goods.

What was the primary way planters and manufacturers in the South transported their goods?

The free African Americans were allowed to go to school, have medical assistance, and own land.

What were free African Americans in the North allowed to do that free African Americans in the South were not?

The Tom Thumb

the first American built steam locomotive

The Steel- tipped plow allowed farmers to cut through hard-packed prairie sod of the Great Plain. Knowing that they would be able to farm the land in the prairie helped people make the decision to move west.

Which inventions most directly contributed to changing the landscape of the Midwest from prairie to farmland?

Morse Code

a system of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet. Invented by Samuel Morse

railroad

a track or set of tracks made of steel rails along which passenger and freight trains run.