Ch 13 15 and 16 PSY 250 Final Exam

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"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because a. families don't always share genes. b. families share both genes and the environment. c. genes are not expressed in every generation. d. the strength of the correlations seen in familial concordance patterns does not allow any conclusions to be made.

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a a. delusion. b. auditory hallucination. c. negative symptom. d. neologism.

most common disorders in kids

ADHD and separation anxiety

Characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that persists for at least 6 months

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

What is ADHD comorbid with?

Oppositional defiant disorder

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior ?

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions.

How common are delusions in schizophrenia? a. They are experienced by approximately 50% of schizophrenics. b. Delusions are an essential feature of schizophrenia; the presence of delusions is required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. c. Over 90% of those with schizophrenia experience delusions. d. While hallucinations are a common occurrence in schizophrenia, delusions are rare.

Over 90% of those with schizophrenia experience delusions.

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia a. show either positive-syndrome or negative-syndrome types. b. show the Type II form exclusively. c. develop the "disorganized" form of the disorder. d. display a mix of positive and negative symptoms.

Which of the following disorders is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors or rigid movements?

Parkinson's disease

What is one of the best predictors of future violence?

Past history of violence

Patients in a catatonic stupor a. are highly suggestible. b. experience overwhelming hallucinations. c. exhibit both echopraxia and echolalia. d. show pronounced motor signs.

Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia?

Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief.

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin?

Pemoline has fewer side effects

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin? a. Pemoline increases the child's intelligence. b. Pemoline works faster. c. Pemoline has fewer side effects. d. Pemoline reduces anxiety attacks.

Pemoline has fewer side effects.

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin?

Pemoline has fewer side effects.

Three other medications for treating ADHD

Pemoline, Strattera, Adderall

What is a methodological flaw in studies of cannabis use and schizophrenia?

People in the early stages of psychosis may just be more inclined to try drugs.

Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?

People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms, malingerers will be more cautious.

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought - in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is a. a delusion. b. a hallucination. c. disorganized speech. d. disorganized behavior.

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the a. parietal lobe. b. occipital lobe. c. temporal lobe. d. frontal lobe.

How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?

People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

describe beck's cognitive theory and therapy

Aaron Beck is considered the father of cognitive behavioral therapy . he theorized that disorders were the result of mal adaptive thoughts and ffelings from childhood but with therapy the distorted thoughts and behaviors could be altered

Aberrant salience means that a. enlarged brain ventricles cause people with schizophrenia to be unable to concentrate. b. a large amount of communication deviance in the family can cause a person with schizophrenia to relapse. c. dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important. d. people with schizophrenia often show unusual motor behaviors.

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that ________

Abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned.

About ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects

have more physical aggression in their dreams than women

According to researchers, men tend to -report fewer sexual dreams than women. -dream about issues related to family and home. -have more physical aggression in their dreams than women. -dream about males and females equally

The night before an exam, Mary feels a surge of panic

Activation of the sympathetic system

Which ADHD medication is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine?

Adderall

What has research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of mental disorders demonstrated?

Adding medication to psychosocial treatment for anxiety does not improve clinical outcomes.

People who develop neurological conditions such as akathisia and parkinsonism as adverse reactions to phenothiazine drugs can be treated by:

Administering centrally acting anticholingeric drugs

Which of the following is not a method of treating parkinsonism which may develop from the continued use of a phenothiazine?

Administering of a dopamine agonist

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families, a. showed the same risk for schizophrenia as those adopted into dysfunctional families - genes were the most important factor. b. showed higher risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - they had trouble fitting in with the family. c. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia. d. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - the environment causes people to develop schizophrenia, not genes.

Adoption studies are typically used a. to establish the primary role that the environment plays in most disorders. b. to separate the effects of nature and nurture. c. to assess the effectiveness of long-term treatment protocols. d. in order to isolate the environmental factors that "trigger" a disorder.

________ attempt to help children or others receive services that they need but often are unable to obtain for themselves.

Advocacy programs

Suppose a family is quite alarmed about the threatening behavior of a relative. They want to petition the court for commitment but there is no time to get a court order. What option does the family have?

After getting a physician to state that the person is dangerous, they can have the police pick up and detain the person for up to 72 hours.

altered consciousness

After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in a state of

Which is believed to be essential for effective treatment?

Agreement b/w the client and the therapists about the goals of the treatment

Which of the following is a key element of the therapeutic relationship?

Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide

Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism?

Altering a familiar environment

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________.

Antabuse; Naltrexone

what are some behavioral and biologically based treatments for conduct disorder?

Antidepressants and teaching control techniques

Which of the following statements is true of antipsychotic drugs?

Antipsychotic drugs produce their pharmacological effects by blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine

Artiss developed conduct disorder early. Bertram developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that:

Artiss will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder.

Artiss developed conduct disorder early. Bertram developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that: a. Artiss will have a higher level of intelligence. b. Artiss will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder. c. Bertram will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions. d. Bertram will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems.

Artiss will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder.

What are examples of neurodevelopmental disorders?

Asperger's and autism

Characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties sustaining attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive or exaggerated motor activity

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

Auditory

Which disorder is most likely to be diagnosed before age 3

Autism

First described by Kanner in 1943

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviors including deficits in language and perceptual and motor development; defective reality testing; and impairments in social communication

Autism Spectrum Disorder

One of the most severe and puzzling disorder occurring in early childhood is,

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children with ________ are believed to be "mind blind," that is, they cannot take the attitude of or "see" things as others do. They are also deficient at locating and orienting to sounds in their environment. a. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder b. childhood disorder c. separation anxiety disorder d. autistic disorder

Autistic disorder

Children with ________ are deficient at locating and orienting to sounds in their environment

Autistic disorder

Julia has just been prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to treat her depression. What warning should her doctor give her?

Avoid foods containing tyramine.

Disorders that begin by adolescence or early adulthood, persist for long periods of time and affect many areas of a person's life are listed on

Axis II.

Based on current research, which statement is most justified? a. Genetics play such a strong role, they are a sufficient condition for schizophrenia. b. Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia. c. Genetics may not be sufficient for schizophrenia, but everyone who develops schizophrenia must have some number of "schizophrenia genes." d. Genetics cannot play a significant role in the cause of schizophrenia because most people with the disorder have no close relatives who have it.

Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia, a. it is usually impossible to detect early signs of the disorder. b. the first signs are usually delusions or hallucinations. c. the first signs are usually seen in the way children move. d. the first signs are usually seen in speech problems.

Julia has just been prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to treat her depression. What warning should her doctor give her?

Be careful what you eat.

Why was the MMPI-2 needed?

Because the original MMPI was created over 50 years ago.

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?

Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood? a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age. b. The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn. c. Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause. d. Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders that are most commonly seen in children.

Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age.

What type of behavioral therapy is most likely to be used in the treatment of child with an anxiety disorder? a. Behavior therapy that includes assertiveness training and desensitization using graded real-life situations. b. Behavior therapy that includes a generalized desensitization to fearful situations using Ruthanne's imagination to picture these situations. c. A combination of Ritalin and family therapy. d. A group therapy in which anxious children are taught to ignore their anxious feelings.

Behavior therapy that includes assertiveness training and desensitization using graded real-life situations.

What is the best treatment for autism

Behavioral treatment

What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?

Being a recent immigrant

The main use of lithium is for

Bipolar disorder

The adverse effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics arise due to the:

Blocking of cholinergic and histamine receptors

Which of the following is an example of a delusion?

Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.

Which of the following is an example of a delusion? a. Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts. b. The voices in Jaimie's head told him not to trust the priest. c. Tracy did not think she could get pregnant the first time she had sex. d. Carla saw and felt bugs crawling up her arm.

Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why?

Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing.

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin, who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why?

Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing.

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why? a. Bob, because he is male and has a family history of schizophrenia. b. Mary, because all of her genes come from her parents and they both have the disease. c. Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing. d. Mary, because females are more susceptible than males to the genetic forms of schizophrenia.

What does it mean to say a study is "double-blind"?

Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo

What is "double-blind" study?

Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo.

What is a "double-blind" study?

Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo.

Which of the following classes of antipsychotic medication is the most useful in the treatment of the maniac phase of the manic depressive personality disorder

Buttrophenones

Historically, why has little attention been paid to childhood psychopathology?

Childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders

Historically, why has little attention been paid to childhood psychopathology? a. Mental illness was not recognized in children. b. Childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders. c. All signs of mental illness in children were assumed to reflect some developmental stage that would be outgrown. d. Society viewed children as inherently good and accepted all behavior unconditionally.

Childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders.

Which of the following summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of DID?

Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."

Describe the ways that parents can cause anxiety disorders in their children

Children ofter mirror the behaviors of their parents . Overly anxious parents and those with high expressed emotion can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders in children

What is the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? a. Children who develop conduct disorder often have oppositional defiant disorder first. b. Almost every case of oppositional defiant disorder develops into conduct disorder. c. Before children develop oppositional defiant disorder, they have conduct disorder. d. Children who develop conduct disorder almost never had oppositional defiant disorder.

Children who develop conduct disorder often have oppositional defiant disorder first.

freud's psychoanalysis interpretation

Clay told his therapist about a dream he had in which he was flying on an airplane, but he was unaware of his destination. Clay's therapist explained that the flying in his dream, in its latent context, represents freedom and independence from his parents; and the unknown destination exemplifies a sense of fear and doubt from no longer having parents as guides. Clay's therapist appears to be using _________ to explain his dream

Which is NOT an element of a therapeutic alliance?

Client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation

Which of the following is not an element of a therapeutic alliance?

Client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation

Joan was surprised that, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn't ask her questions but just listened to her talk...

Client-centered therapy

Which of the following atypical antipsychotic drugs cause significant anticholingeric, alpha-adrenergic blocking or antihistaminic actions as side effects?

Clozapine

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

Cognitive remediation training

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia a. tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living. b. tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living. c. tries to help people find the services they need in the community. d. tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity.

Communication deviance a. may be an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia. b. is an early indication of schizophrenia. c. is not seen in control adoptees. d. and disordered speech are the same thing.

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to a. have been born with physical birth defects. b. have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood. c. have a higher intelligence level on IQ tests. d. be artistically or musically talented.

What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis?

Conditioning procedures

Characterized by persistent, repetitive violation of rules and a disregard for the rights of others

Conduct disorder

Which behavior pattern is least likely to be found in a child with conduct disorder?

Constant worry about minor issues

Lawrence, a hypochondriac, gains a great deal of attention from his family when he complains about health problems; they tend to ignore him when he talks about other topics. A behavior therapist has instructed the family to reverse these responses: ignore the complaints and reinforce other topics. What kind of treatment does this best illustrate?

Contingency management

Lawrence, a hypochondriac, gains attention when he complains about health problems; they tend to ignore him when he talks about other topics. A therapist has instructed the family to reverse this: What kind of treatment does this best illustrate?

Contingency management

Which of the following is a symptom of Tourette's syndrome?

Coprolalia

Suppose you were the director of a mental health center that provided treatment for children. Based on research, you would expect that:

Correct more boys would be diagnosed with disorders than girls.

According to the views of Carl Rogers, what is an important component in therapy?

Creating an environment where the patient feels accepted, understood, and valued

Although the majority of currently disordered persons show no tendency toward violence, an increased risk of violence is likely among those who

Currently experience psychotic symptoms

DeJuan is highly suggestible and automatically obeys the commands of his brother. He sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours despite his hands and feet becoming swollen due to immobility. This has been going on for over a year. Which diagnosis does this best illustrate? a. schizophrenia b. schizoaffective disorder c. schizotypal disorder d. schizophreniform disorder

Which of the following has been associated with autism?

Defective genes or radiation damage

Delusions are a. perceptions with no basis in reality. b. only seen in schizophrenia. c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. d. disturbances in the content of thought.

Of the several environmental influences listed in the chapter which make children vulnerable to psychological problems, which one can also protect children from these problems?

Dependence on adults

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?

Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivtiy Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by

Difficulties that interfere with effective task-oriented behavior-implusivity, excessive or exaggerated motor activity, sustaining attention

Disorganized schizophrenia a. is most commonly seen in women. b. is characterized by disorganized speech. c. usually develops in late adulthood. d. responds well to treatment.

23. In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist a. Does

Does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics

A mother constantly demands that her son show her how much she is loved, but when he tries to hug her she yells at him to be more discreet. No matter what the child does, he is wrong. Further, the mother prohibits him from commenting on this paradox. What does this interaction pattern best illustrate?

Double-bind communication

divided consciousness

Driving and talking on a cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of

Which of the following would be used to reveal a dysrhythmia in brain activity?

EEG

When asked what their orientation is, what do most of today's psychotherapists say?

Eclectic

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom?

Emotional unresponsiveness

According to the views of Carl Rogers, what is an important component in therapy?

Empathy with the patient

Which of the following was a result of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Employers cannot discriminate against people with psychiatric problems

Describes a symptom disorder of children who have not learned appropriate toileting for bowel movements after age 4.

Encopresis

What might be a component of a biologically based universal strategy for preventing mental illness?

Encouraging regular physical activity

Which might be a component of a biologically based universal strategy for preventing mental illness?

Encouraging regular physical activity

Enlarged brain ventricles a. are seen in all schizophrenics. b. suggest that there has been a loss of brain tissue. c. are more commonly seen in the brains of paranoid schizophrenics. d. can be used to confirm a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder.

When a person experiences dissociative amnesia, one main type of memory is usually affected. Which?

Episodic memory (the events we have experienced)

What are the key task involved in universal intervention techniques. Why is epediological research particularly important to these efforts

Equipped with epidemiological research , professionals can identify high risk areas and populations and help these individuals by altering conditions that can contribute to the disorder and foster positive factors

Which of the following statements about therapy is TRUE?

Even people who are happy and successful can benefit from therapy

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought?

Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia.

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought? a. Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia. b. The symptoms of the two disorders overlap tremendously. c. On autopsy, people with schizophrenia show the same smoothing of the brain as is seen in people with dementia. d. The same biological treatments work for both disorders.

Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia.

the inability to store new memories

Extensive bilateral damage to the temporal lobes of the brain is most likely to result in - the inability to store new memories - the inability to recognize familiar faces - visual-motor coordination impairment - the inability to retrieve long term memories

Extrapyramidal side effects a. are involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs. b. are often fatal side-effects from second-generation antipsychotic drugs. c. are an increase in mood (reduction in depression) that occurs in people with schizoaffective disorder. d. are voluntary, unusual movements that result mainly from taking second-generation antipsychotic drugs.

Good epidemiological studies reveal a dramatic increase in the actual prevalence of adolescent mood disorders in the past 30 years.

False

Separation anxiety disorder is usually just a severe school phobia

False

Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate?

Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.

For every three men diagnosed with schizophrenia, only two women are. Which of the following reasons might explain this?

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed.

Which of the following accounts for the belief that schizophrenia is becoming more common in males than females? a. Males are more likely to hallucinate than females so may be overdiagnosed. b. Men are more likely to seek treatment. c. Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed. d. Women respond better to treatment than men.

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed.

First-generation antipsychotics a. work by blocking dopamine receptors. b. are not effective. c. produce few side effects. d. include Risperdal and Zyprexa.

The Durham Rule

Focused on the cause of an unlawful act

while most anti-anxiety drugs act on _____, buspar acts primarily on ______.

GABA, serotonin

While most antianxiety drugs act on ________, Buspar acts primarily on ________.

GABA; serotonin

Which of the following is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter that keeps emotion and behavior under control?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Which of the following has been associated with autism?

Genetic mutations

Based on current research, which statement is most justified?

Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia.

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because a. it makes dopamine. b. it causes the ventricles to enlarge. c. it is missing in the brains of people with schizophrenia. d. alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects.

Which of the following is a criticism of humanistic-experiential therapies?

Goals are not clear

What impact have HMOs had on mental health care?

Greater emphasis has been placed on finding treatment approaches that are time and cost efficient

Hallucinations are a. sensory experiences with no basis in reality. b. only seen in schizophrenia. c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. d. disturbances in the content of thought.

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya's have lasted only eight weeks. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be a. schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya. b. disorganized schizophrenia for Harold; schizophrenia for Tanya. c. schizoaffective disorder for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya. d. schizophreniform disorder for Harold; brief psychotic disorder for Tanya.

Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Which of the following is likely to be the most motivated?

Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis.

Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Who is likely to be the most motivated?

Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis.

Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia?

Have delusions of reference

What was unusual about the Hinckley case?

He was successful in pleading the insanity case

How common are delusions in schizophrenia? a. They are experienced by approximately 50 percent of schizophrenics. b. Delusions are an essential feature of schizophrenia; the presence of delusions is required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. c. Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions. d. While hallucinations are a common occurrence in schizophrenia, delusions are rare.

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is the level of expressed emotion. Which of the following is not one of the expressed emotions found to be predictive of relapse?Humor

Humor

Which of the following disorders affects men and women in equal numbers and is characterized by a chronic, progressive chorea?

Huntington's disease

Juliet is a depressed child. When she wins a prize at school for her art project, how is she likely to explain it?

I got lucky.

Identify a difference between "typical" antipsychotic drugs and "atypical" antipsychotic drugs

"Typical" antipsychotic drugs primarily block D2 receptors whereas "atypical" antipsychotic drugs primarily block 5HT2A receptors

A doctor prescribing lithium should NEVER say

"We are going to 'target dose' your lithium: When you feel symptoms coming on, take your medication."

A doctor prescribing lithium should never say ________

"We are going to 'target dose' your lithium: When you feel symptoms coming on, take your medication."

A doctor prescribing lithium should NEVER say

"We are going to 'target dose' your lithium: when you feel symptoms coming on, take your medication"

Juliet is a depressed child. When she wins a prize at school for her art project, how is she likely to explain it? a. I was the best. b. My teacher likes me. c. I got lucky. d. I worked hard.

I got lucky.

Children with ADHD are typically lower in

IQ by 7 to 15 points

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder, a. anyone with schizophrenia in his or her family history would develop schizophrenia. b. the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent. c. marrying a schizophrenic would not increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia. d. numerous cures would now be available.

beta

If the brain-wave pattern of a person playing a professional game of chess was recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG), what type of brain waves would most likely be detected?

What are the causal factors in learning disorders?

Immaturity in the central nervous system

cognitive neuroscience

In a(n) __________ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who a. is related to someone with the disorder of interest. b. shows signs of the disorder of interest. c. shares at least 25 percent of his or her genes with an affected subject. d. has the disorder of interest.

lengthened

In studies in which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep-wake cycles

theta

In the early stages of sleep, _______ waves appear

What are the criteria for conduct disorder?

-aggression to people and animals -destruction of property -deceitfulness or theft -serious violations of rules

What are some special psychological vulnerabilities of younger children?

-children have a limited capacity to understand problems -more difficulty coping -use unrealistic concepts to explain things -children have limited perspectives -children are dependent of others for help

What social deficits goes along with autism?

-no show of affection -no physical eye contact -lack social understanding -lack social interaction and spontaneous play

Which of these are common signs of childhood depression?

-numerous health compliants -withdrawal and avoiding eye contact -aggression and self-injurious behavior

Which of the following is a risk factor for ODD and conduct disorder?

Inconsistent parental discipline.

Rate of autism among children is about

1 in 68

Schizophrenia occurs in about ________ of the general population. a. 1 out of 1,000 b. 1 out of 100 c. 1 out of 10 d. 1 out of 10,000

1 out of 100

About ____% of 5-year-olds have encopresis.

1, 6 times more common in boys

Which is a characteristic of therapeutic community?

Individual responsibility

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that a. they behave relatively normally other than the delusions. b. their delusions are not well-formed. c. they know their delusions are delusions. d. they rarely act on their delusions.

the behave relatively normally other than the delusions

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that ________ - they behave relatively normally other than the delusions. - their delusions are not well-formed. - they know their delusions are delusions. - they rarely act on their delusions.

Key ideas in Gestalt therapy are ________

Integration of thought, feeling, and action.

Childhood and adult depression differ in what way?

Irritability is often seen as a major symptom in childhood depression

Childhood and adult depression differ in what way? a. Irritability is often seen as a major symptom in childhood depression. b. Altered eating habits are not seen in childhood depression. c. Adult depression does not remit without pharmacological intervention. d. Altered hormone levels are not seen in children.

Irritability is often seen as a major symptom in childhood depression.

Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following people? a. Thomas, who is fiercely independent of other children and his parents. b. Harriet, who refuses to talk to her teachers or adults other than her parents. c. Isabella, who worries that her father will die if she is not near him. d. Chuck, who is afraid he will be beaten by bullies at school.

Isabella, who worries that her father will die if she is not near him.

What is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time?

It can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts.

What is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time? a. It can identify the specific genes responsible for the disorder. b. It can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts. c. It can separate the impact of genetics from that of subtle neurological impairment. d. It can identify the factors that improve treatment outcome.

It can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts.

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time?

It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time?

It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences.

It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12

It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12.

Brad has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The disorder began around age 12 and is characterized by disobedient and hostile behavior toward authority figures. What aspect of this case is unusual? a. It is unusual for children with ODD to be boys. b. It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12. c. It is unusual for children with ODD to be hostile toward authority figures. d. Nothing about this case is unusual.

It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12.

Which changed with the Federal Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984?

It put the burden of proof on the defense

Which of the following changed with the Federal Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984?

It put the burden of proof on the defense.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy?

It takes time.

How does anxiety affect the human body?

It triggers the hyperarousal of the cerebral cortex

Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy?

It usually achieves results in a relatively short period of time.

Why is a drug that is long-acting desirable?

It will need to be taken less frequently

Why is a drug that is long-acting desirable?

It will need to be taken less frequently.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of behavior therapy?

It works well if a problem is vague and ill-defined.

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him, a. he admits he could be wrong. b. he only admits he is wrong after being shown more proof than most people would need. c. he doesn't admit he is wrong to other people, but he admits it to himself. d. he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with a. residual type. b. schizoaffective disorder. c. schizophreniform disorder. d. undifferentiated type.

The legal term used to refer to violations of the law committed by minors?

Juvenille Delinquency

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. Julia heard voices that told her she was evil. b. Karen no longer socialized with her friends. c. Ellen suspected that her husband had poisoned her food. d. Georgia's speech sounded normal, but made no sense.

Karen no longer socialized with her friends.

Which of the following can be committed against their will to a psychiatric hospital?

Kathie, who has schizophrenia and has been threatening to hurt people on the street.

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition a. typically is during the early teenage years. b. typically is during the mid-twenties. c. typically is during the mid-thirties. d. typically is during the mid-forties.

Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?

Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day

Humanistic-experiential therapies are based in the belief that psychopathology is, in part, a result of ________

Lack of fulfillment.

________ are delays in cognitive development in the areas of language, speech, mathematical, or motor skills that are not necessarily due to any demonstrable physical or neurological defect.

Learning disabilities

1. Under what circumstances might the use of medications prior to psychotherapy be essential? a. When the patient is suicidal b. When the patient won't admit that they have a problem c. When the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible d. When a quick cure is needed

1. c. When the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible

Functional enuresis is found in ________ of children age 15 or older.

1.1%

Linkage analysis a. is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia. b. is being used to identify family risk factors. c. is being used to find the connections between stress and schizophrenia. d.is being used to show problems in connections between neurons. Difficulty: 2

More than ______ of children (38 percent) and adolescents with depression or bipolar disorder receive mental health treatment.

1/3

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

10%

When is the lifetime prevalence for ODD and Conduct disorder?

10%

10. Dr. Hart says, "For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive responses that he or she can control and maintain through self-monitoring." Dr. Hart probably considers herself a ________ therapist. a. behavior b. psychodynamically oriented c. humanistic d. family systems

10. a. behavior

Approximately ______ % of children and adolescents meet the criteria for major depression at some point in their lives, with higher rates in _____

12, girls

_________ of siblings of children diagnosed with autism also have the disorder, and approximately 20 percent have some symptoms of the disorder.

2-14%

2. Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists' ratings may be unreliable is because a. they cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings. b. they have a limited range of clients on whom to compare an individual client's improvement. c. they usually base their judgments on superficial personality tests. d. they are not in a good position to compare behavior before and after treatment.

2. a. they cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings.

One study revealed that ________ of newly homeless men in New York City report a history of out-of-home care as children

23%

One study revealed that ________ of newly homeless men in New York City report a history of out-of-home care as children.

23%

3. Which of the following is believed to be essential for effective treatment? a. A warm and loving relationship between the therapist and client b. Family involvement c. Client reliance on the therapist for direction and guidance d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

3. d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

Autism is usually identified before a child is ____ months of age; diagnostic stability over the childhood years is quite high

Approximately ____% of U.S. adults meet criteria for ADHD, with higher rates among those who are male, divorced, and unemployed

Children who report higher levels of conduct problems are nearly ______ times more likely to experience a depressive episode in early childhood.

4. The outcome of psychotherapy is usually dependent on whether the therapist and client achieve a. a certain similarity of personal style. b. mutual self-disclosure. c. an explicit therapeutic contract. d. a productive working alliance.

4. d. a productive working alliance.

5. According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment? a. Moderation in all activities leads to greater long-term satisfaction. b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects. c. It is undesirable when things are not the way we would like them to be. d. One should do everything possible, within one's means, to live a fulfilling life.

5. b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects.

A rigorous study conducted by the Swedish army showed that young men who use cannabis by age 18 are _____ times more likely to develop schizophrenia than those who don't.

Early signs of problems with social communication can be detected in the first

6 months of an infant's life

6. For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is a. roughly 50 percent within six months. b. not much higher than when people remain on the medication. c. extremely unlikely. d. about 15 percent, but only for people who have experienced repeated bouts with mania.

6. a. roughly 50 percent within six months.

Children with ADHD often score approximately ______ points lower on intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and show deficits on neuropsychological testing that are related to poor academic functioning.

7-15

7. How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time? a. It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences. b. Many elements of behavior therapy have been incorporated. c. Transference is no longer used. d. It differs little from client-centered therapy.

7. a. It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences.

ODD usually begins by age ___ and has lifetime prevalence of ____ percent with a slightly higher rate among boys (11 percent) than girls (9 percent)

8, 10

8. Oscar has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: Valium, Serax, Xanax, and Ativan. We can guess that Oscar has had problems with a. positive symptom schizophrenia. b. mood swings. c. depression and anger control. d. anxiety and insomnia.

8. d. anxiety and insomnia.

ADHD occurs in approximately ___ percent of children and adolescents?

9. Atypical antipsychotics are more commonly used today than ever before because they a. are not addictive. b. work more quickly than the typical antipsychotics. c. produce no side effects. d. may effectively treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

9. d. may effectively treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

IQ scores have an average of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A person with a mild intellectual disability will probably score in the _______ range.

90-110

Before the accident, Bob was unemployed and had few friends. Lionel, who suffered comparable head trauma, was a successful businessman and had just married. Which of these men should have the more favorable outcome and why?

Lionel, because he is more likely to be motivated to recover.

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia? a. 1 percent b. 10 percent c. 50 percent d. 90 percent

Which of the following statements about therapy is true?

Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems.

Which is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective?

Many people improve without formal treatment

Which of the following is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective?

Many people improve without formal treatment

Which of the following is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective?

Many people improve without formal treatment.

Which of the following is a good example of a person with an impairment of orientation?

Marlon, who is not sure where he is or what month or year it is.

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life?

Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life.

Andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectancy ________

May be enough by itself to produce positive change.

Which child below best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis?

A 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress.

Which child below best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis? a. A 12-year-old girl who soils herself at school. b. A 14-year-old boy who suffers from chronic diarrhea. c. A 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress. d. A 10-year-old girl who also has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress.

Atypical antipsychotics are more commonly used today b/c

May effectively treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

What are endophenotypes?

Measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that might be important in schizophrenia

Which of the following would be the most objective way of evaluating treatment success?

Measuring the change in through personality tests and other instruments

What would be the most objective way of evaluating treatment success?

Measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments

In Keller's research study of depressed patients, more patients did well in the _________ condition than in the __________ condition, but the _________ was clearly the most effective.

Medication-only, psychotherapy-only, combined treatment

jet lag

Melatonin supplements are often used to treat

It has been observed that if a woman gives birth to a child with Down syndrome before the age of 35, she has an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following best explains this observation?

A genetic mutation that increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease also increases the likelihood of passing on chromosomal abnormalities.

What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder?

A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder.

What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder? a. A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder. b. A genetic predisposition leads to a difficult temperament, which leads to behavior problems, which lead to parental overindulgence and lack of discipline, which leads to conduct disorder. c. A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament but because of abusive parents, this leads to depression which in turn leads to conduct disorder. d. A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament, which leads to parental neglect, which leads to anxiety, which leads to conduct disorder.

A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder.

a hypnopompic hallucination

A hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep and not-yet-fully-awake is

The term "psychoactive" means "_________."

Mind-altering

While ________ can be used in treatment, it also is a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired

Modeling

Moira is schizophrenic. She giggles a lot, acts silly, and talks "baby talk." She experiences frequent auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions. Moira most likely belongs to the ________ subtype of schizophrenia. a. disorganized b. undifferentiated c. residual d. catatonic

her face is less expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses.

Moira is schizophrenic. When she watches a film clip designed to elicit a strong emotional response, the researchers note that ___________. her face is less expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses. her face is less expressive than the control group, and she reports higher emotional responses. her face is more expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses. her face is more expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses.

Which of the following is a type of "classical antidepressant"?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Most of the evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it a. is due to an abnormality on Chromosome 21. b. involves one or two genes. c. is a sex-linked, recessive condition. d. involves a multitude of genes that work in concert.

Most people with schizophrenia a. are cured. b. remain hospitalized for the rest of their lives. c. continue to show signs of illness. d. develop other disorders.

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is true?

Multiple cognitive deficits exist, not just problems with memory.

For which person is aftercare likely to be helpful b/c the person will fit the services typically offered?

Ned, who has had several schizophrenic episodes

Negative symptoms a. are those that are harmful. b. are more disturbing to the patient than positive symptoms. c. are a common side effect of antipsychotic medications. d. are characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors.

Defined as a group of conditions characterized by an early onset and persistent course that are believed to be the result of disruptions to normal brain development Differ from anxiety and depression in that they must have their onset during childhood

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations a. are actually heard. b. are usually drug induced. c. may reflect a cognitive error. d. activate the brain areas involved in speech comprehension.

Which of the following conditions is a potentially fatal condition that is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs and is characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, catatonia and autonomic nervous system instability?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Which phrase best captures how well mental health professionals do in predicting the occurrence of dangerous acts?

Not as well as we would like

Having basic problems in social cognition is one symptom associated with schizophrenia. Which of the following is an example of a lack of social cognition?

Not being able to pick up on emotions associated with facial expressions.

Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance?

Noting that the client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father

What genetic factor has been cited as a cause of anxiety disorders in children?

OCD

ADHD is commonly comorbid with

ODD and CD

Discuss the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, juvenile deliquency, and anti social personality disorder

ODD and CD and APD are psychological disorders in the dsm 5 while juvenile delinquency is a legal term. Behavioral features of all are very similar. ODD precedes CD in age of onset and development. Not all children with ODD develop CD but those that do generally also develop APD . ODD is hostility to authority and aggressive behavior , CD is blatantly violating rights of others .

Risk factors for both include family discord, socioeconomic disadvantage, and antisocial behavior in parents.

ODD and Conduct disorder

By age 8,

ODD can occur

Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?

Obesity

Which of the following antipsychotic drugs primary mechanism of action involves reducing the activity of serotonin at the 5HT2A receptors

Olanzapine

Which type of atypical antipsychotic is available in special formulations for difficult patients needing immediate treatment from a psychotic episode?

Olanzapine

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is a. the level of expressed emotion. b. the level of parental grief over their child's illness. c. if the mother is cold and aloof. d. if lots of double-bind communications are used.

One disadvantage of early descriptions of schiziophrenia, such as Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," is that a. they assumed that what we call schizophrenia only occurred in elderly patients. b. they were actually describing Alzheimer's dementia, not schizophrenia. c. they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today. d. they assumed the intellectual functioning of patients remained constant even as their bodies aged.

According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment?

One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects

synthesizes

One theory of dreaming says that the brain _________, or puts together, an explanation of the cortex's activation from memories and other stored information

Intensive treatments

One-on-one meetings with child for over 40 hours per week for 2 years resulted in extremely positive results

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia a. shows very little promise. b. seems to be very effective when combined with medication. c. is an effective replacement for medication. d. has many side effects.

Which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT?

A pregnant 25 year-old who is severely depressed

Which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT?

A pregnant and depressed 25 year-old

Which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT or electroconvulsive therapy?

A pregnant and depressed twenty-five-year-old.

Which of the following was an unforeseen consequence of deinstitutionalization?

A rise in homelessness

Dennis has disorganized type of schizophrenia. He rarely shows any attempt at socializing. Every time Dennis speaks he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the papers for priveleges. This new program is

A token economy

Dennis has disorganized type of schizophrenia. He has lived in an institution for years. He rarely shows any attempt at socializing. A new program is started-every time Dennis speaks to another person he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the red papers to get cigarettes or extra privileges. This new program is _________

A token economy.

A token economy is ________

A type of contingency management.

What is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatments?

A wait list

What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder?

a. A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder.

The only neuropsychological syndrome for which antiviral therapy is likely to be helpful is

a. AIDS-related dementia.

What type of behavioral therapy is most likely to be used in the treatment of child with an anxiety disorder?

a. Behavior therapy that includes assertiveness training and desensitization using graded real-life situations.

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease?

a. Being a woman

Which of the following psychopathological symptoms is commonly seen in neuropsychological disorders?

a. Cognitive deficits

Which of the following is most likely to be used in the treatment of selective mutism?

a. Family therapy

Childhood and adult depression differ in what way?

a. Irritability is often seen as a major symptom in childhood depression.

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time?

a. It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences.

Why should defense lawyers be cautious about using the insanity defense?

a. It rarely works.

Which person is least likely to have a good recovery from moderate brain injury?

a. Paul, who was severely depressed.

Which of the following is an advantage of using Beck's cognitive treatment for depression, as compared to drugs?

a. The likelihood of relapse is decreased.

What was the greatest problem that emerged as a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

a. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is true?

a. The specific symptoms vary considerably from patient to patient and from day to day for the same patient.

Microcephaly and macrocephaly have what in common?

a. They involve alterations in head size and shape.

What is the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder?

a. Virtually all children who develop conduct disorder have oppositional defiant disorder first.

In studies looking at the effectiveness of treatment for ADHD, what was found?

a. While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy, the medication appears to be the more effective element of the treatment.

The damage that might be caused to the brain by riding a violently fast roller coaster is similar to that seen with

a. a closed-head injury.

Childhood anxiety disorders are associated with each of the following factors EXCEPT

a. a deficit in conditionability to aversive stimuli.

Most of NIMH's programs are

a. actually planned and run by state and local organizations.

Delirium is to dementia as ________ is to ________.

a. acute; chronic

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that

a. antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned.

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using

a. anxiolytics.

Compared to enuresis, encopresis is

a. diagnosed at an earlier age.

It has been suggested that the symptoms seen in autism might reflect a problem with the function of the

a. glutamate neurotransmitter system.

The most recent research on deinstitutionalization has found

a. inpatient hospitalization has been increasing due to the failures to provide adequate care in the community.

The newer anti-anxiety drug Buspar has the advantage that

a. it has a low potential for abuse.

Behaviors, such as drug abuse, that leads to brain damage is most likely to be indicated

a. only on Axis I.

For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is

a. roughly 50 percent within six months.

Efforts to counterbalance the social factors that entice adolescent binge drinking are examples of

a. selective interventions.

Asperger's disorder is

a. similar to but less severe than autism.

The underlying basis of the insanity defense is

a. some people who have a mental illness are not able to fully comprehend their behavior, ,so are not able to form the needed intent for a crime, so shouldn't be punished

Focal brain damage is most likely to be a consequence of

a. stroke.

The Brady family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, "If the whole family context changes, Marcia's problem behavior will change as well." The family therapist probably agrees with the ________ therapy approach.

a. structural family

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease differs from late-onset from in that

a. the progression of the disease is more rapid.

Community-based facilities that provide aftercare are typically run by

a. the residents themselves.

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD

a. work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect.

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that

abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that ________

abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that

abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned.

Most of NIMH's programs are

actually planned and run by state and local organizations

After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

adderall

Rates of depression are low in children but increase dramatically during _________

adolescence

Community-based treatment programs are now referred to as

after care programs

Which of the following is believed to be essential for effective treatment?

agreement b/t the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

selective intervention programs that teach adolescents social skills and enhance feelings of competency are

aimed at increasing self-esteem and reducing the influence of negative peer pressure

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because

alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients

homicidal behavior amongst former patients is greatest with a diagnosis of

alcoholism

Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism? a. soft, monotonous sounds b. an everyday routine that stays the same c. altering a familiar environment d. not having a normal sleep pattern

altering a familiar environment

universal interventions are concerned with two key tasks:

altering conditions that cause disorders and establishing conditions that foster positive mental health

Childhood depression is likely to persist because: a. lasting changes occur in the brain b. positive events are unlikely to occur c. most treatments are not effective d. an attributional style is adopted that maintains a negative mood state

an attributional style is adopted that maintains a negative mood state

An attorney says, "My client has a mental disorder that made it impossible at the time of the crime, to have intended ...

an insanity defense

An attorney says, "My client has a mental disorder that made it impossible, at the time of the crime, to have intended to do harm. Because of this, he is not legally responsible for his actions." The attorney is arguing for

an insanity defense.

A person taking an atypical antipsychotic medication could be expected to develop all of the following metabolic disorders expect:

anemia

3 subtypes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder

angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness

Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because

anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.

After the car accident, Sherry was unable to remember what happened from the time of the crash until the following morning. Sherry appears to have experienced

anterograde amnesia

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that ________

antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that: a. antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned b. environmental factors are rarely involved in disorders of childhood onset c. genetics do not play a role in the development of antisocial tendencies d. parental substance abuse is the greatest risk factor for early-onset conduct disorder

antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that _______

antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned.

Conduct disorder has a strong link to

antisocial personality disorder

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of

antisocial personality disorder.

Oscar has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: Valium, Serax, Xanax, and Ativan. We can guess that Oscar has had problems with ________

anxiety

Which of the following is not a symptom of ADHD? a. anxiety b. restlessness c. distractability d. overactivity

anxiety

Oscar has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: Valium, Serax, Xanax, and Ativan. We can guess that Oscar has had problems with

anxiety and insomnia.

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using

anxiolytics

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using ________

anxiolytics

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using ________

anxiolytics.

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that: a. genes do not play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia b. anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia c. environmental factors are more important than genetic factors when it comes to determining who is likely to develop schizophrenia d. the results of twin studies reflect the impact of a shared prenatal environment, not shared genes

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that ________

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia.

Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

are at extraordinarily high risk for depression.

Girls with conduct disorder ________

are at risk for teen pregnancy

Girls with conduct disorder: a. seek security from a father figure b. are at risk for teen pregnancy c. usually have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and or a mood disorder

are at risk for teen pregnancy

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who

are attention-seeking and overly emotional.

Negative symptoms: a. are those that are harmful b. are more disturbing to the patient than positive symptoms c. are a common side effect of antipsychotic medications d. are characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors

are characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors

oppositional and conduct defiant disorders

are characterized by aggressive and antisocial behavior

In autistic children, head banging , spinning , and rocking are rare behaviors that ____________________

are common forms of self stimulation

In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that

are common forms of self-stimulation

In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that ________

are common forms of self-stimulation

In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that: a. are exceedingly rare b. are common forms of self-stimulation c. are believed to be ways of communicating without language d. are used because these children find repetitive routines very aversive

are common forms of self-stimulation

In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that:

are common forms of self-stimulation.

Tarasoff-style laws

are in a majority of states but vary quite a bit

Extrapyramidal side effects

are involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs.

By definition, learning disorders ________

are not due to a physical defect.

Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities

are strikingly different from Brigid.

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders

are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

Studies on neurocognition have found that people with schizophrenia: a. are unable to pay attention on demand b. can't control their thoughts from jumping from topic to topic c. have abnormal neurochemical changes in response to negative thoughts d. get too focused on one thing and tune out the rest of the real world

are unable to pay attention on demand

Tics

are usually not noticed by the individual performing the act

Tics: a. are usually not noticed by the individual performing the act b. are often related to enuresis c. occur most frequently in adults, but occasionally they also occur in children d. almost always have an organic basis

are usually not noticed by the individual performing the act

children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity

are usually viewed negatively by peers because of behavior

Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviors

Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity: a. are usually well liked by their peers because they are always active b. are usually well liked by their peers because they become "class clowns" c. are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviors d. are usually viewed negatively by their peers because they are socially withdrawn

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviors

learning disorders

arent due to physical defect

Lithium was once used

as a salt substitute.

The incidence of Down syndrome increases

as the age of the parents increases

The incidence of Down syndrome increases ________

as the age of the parents increases

The aim of a projective test is to

assess the way a patient perceives ambiguous stimuli.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

assumes that thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior.

Which of the following could occur as a result of exposure to formaldehyde?

attention deficits

George is in second grade and is having trouble. He frequently is out of his seat, looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question, and usually needs directions repeated multiple times. At home, his mother says he is always "on the go." The most likely diagnosis for George is: a. conduct disorder b. oppositional defiant disorder c. separation anxiety disorder d. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

George is a second grade student and is having trouble. He frequently is out of his seat , looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question , and usually needs directions repeated multiple times . At home , his mother says he is always "on the go". The most likely diagnosis for George is

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Large percentage of adolescents received co-morbid diagnosis, frequently ________

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are: a. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorders b. psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia c. depression and phobic conditions d. obsessive-compulsive disorder and conduct disorder

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorders

Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorders.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

auditory

What type of hallucinations are the most common? a. auditory b. tactile c. visual d. gustatory

auditory

Do not effectively learn by imitation

autism

Increased activation in the ventral occipitotemporal regions involved in object perception

autism

Some of the same genes that have been linked with an increased risk of ________ also increase the risk of ADHD, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.

autism

Punishment is a component of

aversion therapy.

The use of drugs that have noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with

aversion therapy.

The use of drugs that have noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with ________

aversion therapy.

If Ronald is typical of people with hypochondriasis, he will

avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems.

"Repeated stimulation of the limbic system by discharges from the locus coeruleus may lower the threshold for later experiences of anxiety. Then, through learning, controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the person actively avoids fearful situations." This quotation most clearly refers to the biological processes involved in a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. panic disorder with agoraphobia. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. social phobia.

. Julia has just been prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to treat her depression. What warning should her doctor give her? a. Stay out of the sun. b. Be careful what you eat. c. Don't try to drive a car. d. You may find that you can't achieve orgasm.

1-10. Which of the following is included in the DSM-5? a. A discussion of the various causes of mental disorders b. A means of identifying different mental disorders c. A description of all conditions for mental illness d. A description of all of the possible treatments for each disorder

A person comes to a mental health professional with a certain complaint. The professional attempts to understand the nature and extent of the problem. This process is called a. diagnosis. b. assessment. c. clinical treatment. d. screening.

A predisposition toward developing a disorder a. necessarily is biological. b. is called a diathesis. c. increases the likelihood of developing any given disorder by 50%. d. necessarily is a psycho-social stressor

According to the views of Carl Rogers, what is an important component in therapy? a. Strict rules and much guidance b. Empathy with the patient c. Restructuring thought processes d. Reinforcing adaptive behaviors with rewards

Children born with phenylketonuria __________. a. are unable to metabolize the lipoid phenylalanine b. lack the liver enzyme needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine c. have a disorder of lipoid metabolism d. lack the amino acid phenylalanine

Cognitive-behavioral therapy a. denies the importance of reinforcement and punishment. b. assumes that thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior. c. assumes that behavior must change before cognitive changes can occur. d. suggests that the therapist should take a less active role than is typically the case in behavior therapies.

Dr. Hunter is studying personality. He decides that he will classify his subjects into varying levels of intensity on personality traits based on how far they statistically fall above the average score of a "normal person." He is using a a. categorical approach. b. dimensional approach. c. prototypal approach. d. discrimination approach.

Dr. Lo asks Julie to pretend that he is her father as part of his psychosocial assessment of Julie. Which of the following would this be an example of? a. an unstructured interview b. an analogue situation c. projective assessment d. self-monitoring

ECT has been found to be an effective treatment for a. anxiety disorders. b. depression. c. epilepsy. d. schizophrenia. `

Ed has suffered a head injury in a car accident. He is referred to a psychologist to see what types of impairment now exist and to get some suggestions for treatment. The best assessment strategy would be a. a CAT scan. b. neuropsychological tests. c. a PET scan. d. an fMRI.

Gradual exposure to feared cues is a. an old treatment for anxiety disorders that is no longer used. b. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders. c. likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term. d. a useful treatment for phobias but not other anxiety disorders. Difficulty: 2

In order to develop chicken pox, one must be exposed to the virus that causes chicken pox. Note, however, that not everyone who is exposed to the virus is affected. In other words, the virus is a a. risk factor. b. necessary cause. c. sufficient cause. d. contributory cause.

In which of the following circumstances would a clinician be most likely to use self-monitoring? a. When other forms of clinical observation have yielded no evidence of abnormal behavior b. To find out what situations are likely to elicit problematic behavior c. To evaluate the quality of the social environment d. When analogue situations have not served to provoke a demonstration of the presenting problem

Individuals with social phobia are likely to a. be aggressive. b. attribute events in their lives to external factors. c. have been raised in a permissive environment. d. attribute negative life events to internal, global, and stable factors.

Manualized therapies first originated in order to: a. treat bipolor disorder b. to standardize psychosocial treatments for RCTs c. keep therapists acting ethically d. aid sleep researchers

Mrs. B. tells her psychologist, "I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am terribly worried when I am in a car or bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences." What disorder does Mrs. B probably have and what experience is she talking about? a. The disorder is specific phobia, the experience is a panic attack. b. The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. c. The disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, the experience is an obsession. d. The disorder is generalized anxiety disorder, the experience is anxiety.

Neurobiological factors involved in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder provide evidence for the hypothesis that a. both disorders are caused by an excess of the GABA neurotransmitter. b. fear and anxiety are fundamentally distinct. c. the two disorders are genetically identical. d. panic may be an acute version of generalized anxiety disorder.

New perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. This process is called a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. appropriation. d. attribution.

One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is a. it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. b. it is a form of avoidance and prevents extinction. c. it increases the effects of operant conditioning on their fears. d. it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they don't worry.

Psychological test results are often compared to each other to determine a mid-range, or normal point. In order to accomplish this, test administration must be completely consistent from one person to the next. What is this process called? a. validity b. standardization c. reliability d. T-score distribution

Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include a. a tendency to have an aggressive, impulsive personality. b. an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others for which they are responsible. c. a strong resistance to depressive and other mood disorders. d. an inability to see that the compulsive actions they engage in are unnecessary and ridiculous.

The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year. The mayor should ask an epidemiologist for the ________ of the disorder. a. prevalence rate b. incidence rate c. point prevalence d. acute occurrence

What has research on the preparedness theory of phobias found? a. Fear responses cannot be conditioned to fear-irrelevant stimuli. b. Acquired fear responses can be elicited with subliminal exposure to fear-relevant stimuli. c. Prepared fears are innate. d. There are cross-cultural differences in the stimuli people are "prepared" to fear.

When Jill experienced her first panic attack, she felt as if she were outside of herself, watching herself struggle to catch her breath. Jill's sense of not being part of herself is one of the symptoms of a panic attack known as a. derealization. b. depersonalization. c. dissociative fugue. d. personality disintegration.

Which approach to the classification of abnormal behavior uses statistical criteria to differentiate between normal and abnormal? a. Categorical b. Dimensional c. Prototypical d. Situational

Which of the following is NOT an element of a therapeutic alliance? a. A sense of working together to solve a problem b. Client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation c. Agreement between client and therapist about the goals of therapy d. An affective bond between the client and therapist

Which of the following is a risk factor for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? a. Middle socioeconomic status b. Inconsistent parental discipline c. Vaccines d. Childhood obesity

Which of the following is a type of "classical antidepressant"? a. GABA agonists b. monoamine oxidase inhibitors c. neuroleptics d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors `

Which of the following is associated with a unique physiological response pattern? a. agoraphobia b. blood-injection-injury phobia c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following provides evidence against a role for inherited factors in the development of phobias? a. the high concordance rate seen in fraternal twins b. the impact of nonshared environmental factors c. the preparedness hypothesis d. the early onset of many phobic reactions

Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? a. Julie jumped when she saw the snake. b. Hilda dreaded walking home alone. c. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned. d. The voices in Paul's head told him he should be afraid.

While having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson's disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________. a. risk factor; sufficient cause b. sufficient cause; necessary cause c. necessary cause; risk factor d. contributory cause; sufficient cause

While in treatment for panic disorder, Leroy is asked to engage in behaviors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, Leroy is engaging in behaviors that produce the physical sensation of fear. What type of treatment does this appear to be? a. Exteroceptive exposure b. Interoceptive exposure c. Anxiety sensitivity training d. Cognitive reconditioning

Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe they are having a heart attack despite the fact that they never have had one? a. They continue to go through classical conditioned learning experiences each time they have a panic attack. b. They tend to engage in "safety behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen. c. They tell themselves that physicians may have missed earlier heart attacks. d. They have such a high level of fear that learning is not possible.

Why is classification a necessary first step in developing an understanding about abnormal behavior? a. Abnormal behavior is not abnormal until it has been classified as such. b. Communication about abnormal behavior cannot be effective unless what is being discussed is clear. c. Only through development of a classification system can abnormal and normal behavior be differentiated. d. Unless an adequate classification system exists, all descriptions of abnormality will necessarily be subjective.

he individual with generalized social phobia a. has a specific phobia for all social situations. b. exhibits a fear of most social situations. c. typically has a fear of public speaking, using a public restroom, and restaurants. d. is likely to receive a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder.

The particular disease that most commonly causes dementia is

b. Alzheimer's disease.

Historically, why has little attention been paid to childhood psychopathology?

b. Childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders.

Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?

b. Giving birth to a child with Down syndrome before age 35

b. It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12.

After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

b. Secondary functional enuresis

What is the relationship between the HIV-1 virus and brain damage?

b. The virus may work indirectly: It allows infections to occur that cause brain damage.

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?

b. They have a lack of social understanding

With respect to how he or she functions in relationships, an individual with mild mental retardation is most comparable to

b. an adolescent.

Children born with phenylketonuria,

b. appear normal at first.

Girls with conduct disorder

b. are at risk for teen pregnancy.

Genetic factors

b. are clearly involved in the more severe forms of retardation.

A learning disability usually is identified

b. because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement.

It is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because

b. brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions.

Evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders comes from the fact that

b. children from cultures that favor inhibition and compliance report more fears.

Divorce, hostility, and lack of monitoring are family characteristics most closely associated with

b. conduct disorder.

The term "juvenile delinquent" is

b. defined by the legal system.

The most common cause of delirium is

b. drugs.

The extent of the deficits seen after brain damage are determined in part by

b. how one is functioning before the damage occurs.

Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as Ritalin is thought to be effective as it

b. increases the ability to concentrate.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

b. is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities.

As children with ADHD become adolescents and adults,

b. many continue to experience symptoms.

The most common cause of traumatic brain injury is

b. motor vehicle accidents.

Despite studies such as by Ivar Lovaas, the overall prognosis for children with autism is

b. poor.

The best avenue of research for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease involves

b. prevention or treatment at the first sign of illness because lost neurons cannot be regained.

The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that

b. proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behavior.

Research on the effects of parental depression

b. suggests that parental psychopathology leads to changes in parenting behavior that has lasting effects on children.

Cross-cultural studies of tics find that

b. the average age of tic onset appears to be universal.

Vascular dementia less common than Alzheimer's disease because

b. the patient is vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease.

Someone with focal brain damage in his or her left hemisphere

b. will have problems with processing language.

julia has just been prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to treat her depression. what warning should her doctor give her?

be careful what you eat

A learning disability usually is identified ________

because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement

A learning disability usually is identified

because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievements and expected academic achievement

Most boys with gender dysphoria

become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.

In understanding and treating mental disorders, the World Health Organization at the present time has

been very much aware of the interrelationship between physical, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors.

Dr. Hart says, "For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive responses that he or she can control and maintain through self-monitoring." Dr. Hart probably considers herself a ________ therapist

behavior

Dr. Hart says, "For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive...

behavior

What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia? a. being an identical twin b. being raised in an isolated rural area c. being a recent immigrant d. living alone

being a recent immigrant

How do Neurodevelopmental Disorders differ from ODD and CD

believed to be the result of significant delays or disruptions in brain development that persist into adulthood

Most commonly used medications for child anxiety?

benzodiazepines

down syndrome

best known o the clinical conditions associated with moderate and severe intellectual disability

The main use of lithium is for ________

bipolar disorder

One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotics is their ability to:

block dopamine D2 receptors to a greater degree than serotonin 5HT2A receptors.

delusion

bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts

Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder.

borderline

Currently, the cause of ADHD is believed to be: a. a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling b. excessive sugar in the diet c. an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives d. both biological and psychological factors

both biological and psychological factors

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that

both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.

Currently, the cause of ADHD is believed to be ________

both genetic and social-environmental factors

Currently, the cause of ADHD is believed to be ________

both genetic and social-environmental factors.

cannabinoids

both marijuana and hash contain....

For a baby to inherit PKU, ________.

both parents must carry the recessive gene

What does it mean to say that a study is "double-blind"?

both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo.

Which gender is more at risk for ODD and Conduct disorder?

boys

It is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because

brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions.

in order for Alzheimers disease to be definitely made

brain tissue must be examined

Identify a difference between butyrophenones and phenothiazines

butyrophenones produce a higher incidence of extrapyrimidal symptoms than phenothiazines

. Punishment is a component of a. EMDR therapy. b. modeling. c. aversion therapy. d. systematic desensitization. ``

A diathesis can best be described as a a. proximal necessary cause. b. sufficient cause. c. contributory cause. d. proximal causal factor.

A(n) ________ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories. a. attribution. b. conditioned stimulus c. schema d. unconditioned stimulus

According to the DSM, when is deviant behavior viewed as indicative of a mental disorder? a. Always b. Only when the behavior is inconsistent with cultural norms c. When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual d. Never

After cheating on her husband and feeling ashamed, Julia accused her husband of feeling ashamed. Such behavior is explained by which of the following defense mechanism? a. Sublimation b. Displacement c. Projection d. Rationalization

Anxiety sensitivity is a. a fear of open spaces. b. a belief that anxiety will kill. c. a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences. d. a fear that situations in which panic attacks occur will be devastating.

Dr. Lucas says to a client with anxiety disorders, "It is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionistic values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of your life." Dr. Lucas probably supports the assumptions of ________ therapy. a. humanistic b. psychodynamic c. rational emotive behavior d. systematic desensitization

From an evolutionary perspective, what concept explains the easy acquisition of a fear of spiders or snakes? a. vicarious conditioning b. defense mechanisms c. prepared learning d. behavioral inhibition

High levels of anxiety sensitivity a. increase the risk of all types of anxiety disorder. b. are seen in all who develop agoraphobia. c. predict the development of spontaneous panic attacks. d. can be effectively treated with drugs that minimize noradrenergic function.

If having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, the presence of the gene can be described as a a. risk factor. b. necessary cause. c. sufficient cause. d. contributory cause.

In Beck's cognitive therapy, an early "homework" assignment would be a. learning to relax. b. listing one's beliefs about one's competencies. c. recording one's automatic thoughts and any associated emotional reactions. d. intentionally facing situations that one believes are emotionally overwhelming.

In the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is a. a distal, sufficient cause of a mental disorder. b. a necessary or contributory cause that is distal from the onset of symptoms. c. a necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms. d. a biological vulnerability.

Jack tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to drive a car that takes him in directions he does not want to go. The therapist interprets the dream to mean that Jack is trying to get control of his career future but feels he is being controlled by others. This suggests that the a. manifest content of the dream is the issue of Jack's career future. b. latent content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car. c. manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car. d. the therapist is trying to get Jack to argue with him or her.

Lauren is phobic of birds. Her therapist shows her how to approach a bird in a cage. The therapist then takes the bird out, pets it and feeds it. She then encourages Lauren to do the same behaviors. This type of procedure is called a. exposure therapy. b. classical conditioning. c. participant modeling. d. virtual reality therapy.

Newer psychodynamic perspectives a. disregard most elements of Freud's theories. b. emphasize the role of the id. c. do not view the libido as a primary determinant of behavior. d. recognize intrapsychic conflicts as a primary determinant of behavior.

Panic attacks, by definition, a. are seen in individuals with panic disorder. b. are unexpected ("uncued"). c. require the presence of at least 4 of 13 characteristic symptoms. d. are 30-60 minutes in duration.

Phenylketonuria is treated with __________. a. cognitive behavioral therapy b. behavioral conditioning c. the elimination of phenylalanine-containing foods d. antidepressant medication

Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of a. focusing on the transference neurosis. b. the transformation of sexual energy into neurotic behaviors. c. understanding the present in terms of the past. d. the therapist being passive and impersonal.

Social phobia a. is characterized by significant fear of most social situations. b. and antisocial personality commonly are comorbid disorders. c. involves a fear of one or more specific social situations. d. typically develops in childhood.

The current practice of providing treatment stresses a. the value of confining a patient to a mental hospital. b. the individual's responsibility for finding a personal solution to his or her problems. c. the coordination of services in the community. d. turning over to the patient's family the responsibility for behavior change.

The effectiveness of Valium (or benzodiazepines) in treating GAD supports the hypothesis that a. a serotonin deficiency underlies GAD. b. heightened autonomic arousal causes the anxiety of those with GAD. c. a GABA deficiency underlies GAD. d. anxiety increases noradrenergic activity.

The empirical keying approach to making a test like the MMPI involves a. subjective scoring of test items to assign items to different groups. b. the creation of ambiguous stimuli where there are many possible responses. c. picking items that differentiate between different groups, no subjective judgment is needed. d. using theoretically based concepts to develop questions for different groups.

The incidence of Down syndrome increases __________. a. when the mother drinks heavily during pregnancy b. if the father is extremely young c. as the age of the parent increases d. when the mother is exposed to lead during pregnancy

The loss of a parent may be a. a stressor. b. a diathesis. c. a diathesis and/or a stressor. d. Neither a diathesis nor a stressor.

Thought-action fusion is a. a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders. b. support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it. d. the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts.

Under what circumstances might the use of medications prior to psychotherapy be essential? a. When the patient is suicidal b. When the patient won't admit that they have a problem c. When the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible d. When a quick cure is needed

Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because a. effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding. b. classification of disorders cannot be done without such information. c. such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible. d. disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology.

We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder __________. a. are girls b. come from poverty-stricken environments c. were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 d. also suffer from depression, tic disorders, and other forms of psychopathology

What do all of the compulsions seen in OCD have in common? a. They all take 15-20 minutes to perform. b. All involve counting. c. They are engaged in as means of alleviating tension. d. There is little desire to engage in the compulsion.

What term refers to the number of new cases of a disorder that occur over a given time period? a. Point prevalence b. One-year prevalence c. Incidence d. Valence

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior? a. Conduct disorder and childhood depression b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder c. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder d. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression

What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed? a. Few childhood disorders had been identified. b. There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders because parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given. c. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children. d. The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for using rating scales in clinical observation and self reports? a. To increase reliability b. To provide structure c. To decrease objectivity d. To allow standardized comparisons to be made

Which of the following is a typical symptom of panic attacks? a. Hallucinations b. Delusions c. Fear of dying d. Paranoia

Which period of psychosexual development occurs when a child becomes preoccupied with the development of skills and activities? a. Genital b. Phallic c. Latency d. Pubertal

While neurological assessment procedures evaluate the brain's physical properties, neuropsychological assessment focuses on a. brain activity. b. brain functioning. c. client performance. d. self-reported changes in cognitive and perceptual functioning.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease has been linked to a gene on chromosome

c. 19.

Which child below best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis?

c. A 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress.

Which of the following is probably the most important factor in determining the functioning of a child who undergoes significant traumatic brain injury?

c. Competencies acquired before the injury

Which of the following has been associated with autism?

c. Defective genes or radiation damage

The broadest of the insanity rules is the

c. Durham Rule.

While most antianxiety drugs act on ________, Buspar acts primarily on ________.

c. GABA; serotonin

Juliet is a depressed child. When she wins a prize at school for her art project, how is she likely to explain it?

c. I got lucky.

Which of the following is NOT a subtype of ADHD found in the DSM-IV-TR?

c. Inattentive/Impulsive Type

Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following people?

c. Isabella, who worries that her father will die if she is not near him.

c. Lionel, because he is more likely to be motivated to recover.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of mental health resources in private industry?

c. Many companies have recently begun providing psychological services through employee assistance programs.

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin?

c. Pemoline has fewer side effects.

Which of the following statements about early-onset conduct disorder is true?

c. The majority will continue to have, at minimum, social dysfunction as adults.

Individuals with Down syndrome typically show which of the following characteristics?

c. They have large tongues and short fingers.

Under what circumstances might the use of medications prior to psychotherapy be essential?

c. When the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible

Tics

c. are usually associated with severe behavioral problems.

The most common cause of dementia is

c. degenerative brain disease.

Emotional dyscontrol and personality alterations are expected with

c. frontal lobe damage.

The extremely intensive experimental behavior program designed by Ivar Lovaas for children with autism

c. helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning.

Autism is similar to schizophrenia in its

c. impact on multiple functions.

A crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation

c. in the context of normal developmental changes.

The families of children with conduct disorders typically

c. involve rejection and neglect.

An asymmetry in brain development has been hypothesized to be a cause of

c. learning disabilities.

Jack tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to drive a car that takes him in directions he does not want to go.

c. manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car.

While ________ can be used in treatment, it also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired when others' behavior is problematic.

c. modeling

The most effective medical treatment for Tourette's syndrome is

c. neuroleptics such as haloperidol.

A good example of psychotherapy being used as a guardian of the status quo

c. occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union.

The Tarasoff rule usually applies

c. only if the target of violence is clearly identifiable.

Throughout his young life, Quincy, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. Quincy would be diagnosed as having

c. primary functional enuresis.

In what way does therapy differ from simply talking to a friend or family member about a problem?

c. the belief that keeping channels of communication open will help solve problems.

"Confabulation" is a term for

c. the making up of events that amnestic patients so to fill in gaps in their memories.

Procedural memory often is intact in patients with amnestic disorder. This means

c. they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work.

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that

c. they have a low risk of movement-related side effects.

Ruth experienced a stroke that severely damaged her occipital lobe. We can expect that she has an impairment in her ability to

c. understand what she sees.

Mild brain injuries

c. usually produce long-term, minor problems, particularly in older people.

Research by Exner and others has shown that the Rorschach

can be scored by computer, thereby increasing its reliability.

One difference between voluntary hospitalization and involuntary commitment is that people who are in the hospital voluntarily

can, with sufficient notice, leave the hospital when they want to.

schizophreniform disorder

category reserved from schizophrenia like psychoses that last at least a month but dont last 6 months and dont warrant a diagnosis for schizophrenia

Autism is similar to schizophrenia in its

cause being due in part to genetic vulnerability

Autism is similar to schizophrenia in its: a. age of onset b. cause being due in part to genetic vulnerability c. symptoms of delusions d. responsiveness to treatment

cause being due in part to genetic vulnerability

The time course of the effects of antidepressant medications suggests that

changes in cellular functioning are necessary to alleviate the symptoms of depression.

The first-generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that: a. patients report they feel better right away, although there isn't any actual clinical changes occurring b. changes in symptoms occur without any side effects c. changes in symptoms begin to occur weeks after starting to take the medications, rather than immediately d. changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought

changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought

The first-generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that

changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought.

Negative symptoms are

characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors

negative symptoms

characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors karen no longer socialized with her friends

intellectual disability

characterized by deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem solving, planning and abstract thinking

parkinsons disease

characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors or rigid mobements

Cardinal sign of Autism

child is aloof or seems apart from others, even in the earliest stages of life

Biological changes in neonate as a result of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause what?

childhood depression

historically, why has little attention been paid to childhood psychotherapy

childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders

Evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders comes from the fact that ________

children from cultures that favor inhibition and compliance report more fears

Evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders comes from the fact that ________

children from cultures the favor inhibition and compliance report more fears

Genetic factors are ________ of intellectual disability

clearly involved in the more severe forms

Genetic factors are ________ of intellectual disability.

clearly involved in the more severe forms

Which of the following is NOT an element of a therapeutic alliance?

client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation

Joan was surprised that, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn't ask her questions, but just listened to her talk. She said she felt very comfortable with the therapist and felt she could say anything at all and be accepted, unlike with her critical parents. She said she could try out new ideas and the therapist was always warm and nonjudgmental. Joan was probably in

client-centered therapy

client-centered therapy.

Separate approach

clinician meets with child to teach social problem-solving skills; also proven effective

Parent management training

clinician teaches parents how to effectively prompt and reinforce prosocial behaviors while ignoring aggressive or antisocial behaviors; shown to be quite effective

An example of an atypical antipsychotic not considered as a first choice treatment is:

clozapine

Which type of atypical antipsychotic would be more likely to cause the development of an infection in a patient

clozapine

Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression has found ________

cognitive behavioral therapy can be very effective

traumatic brain injury

cognitive compromises result from head injury

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

cognitive remediation training

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits? a. cognitive remediation training b. social skills training c. case management d. family therapy

cognitive remediation training

Project Northland demonstrated that

community-wide "no use" norms for teens can be taught.

Donald has increased difficulty in environments with multiple stimuli , unable to attend unless input is restricted and simplified, all his thinking takes longer than usual . Donald has major deficit in which neurocognitive domains

complex attention

What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis? a. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. conditioning procedures c. behavioral modification d. family therapy

conditioning procedures

neurodevelopmental disorders

conditions that begin in childhood and have a major impact on social and cognitive functioning ad deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as behavior, interests, and activity

An adverse family environment, that often includes parental conflict and lack of parental supervision, is associated with which disorder?

conduct disorder

Divorce, hostility, and lack of monitoring are family characteristics most closely associated with: a. separation anxiety disorder b. conduct disorder c. autism d. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

conduct disorder

in order of diagnosis, _________________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ______________ occurs before conduct disorder

conduct disorder ; ODD

By age 9,

conduct disorder usually can occur

In order of diagnosis, ________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ________ occurs before conduct disorder.

conduct disorder; ODD

In order of diagnosis, ________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ________ occurs before conduct disorder. a. ODD; conduct disorder b. conduct disorder; ODD c. ADHD; conduct disorder d. conduct disorder; ADHD

conduct disorder; ODD

Which behavior pattern is extremely unlikely to be found in a child with conduct disorder? a. firesetting and vandalism b. substance abuse c. constant worry about minor issues d. depression

constant worry about minor issues

Most people with schizophrenia: a. are cured b. remain hospitalized for the rest of their lives c. continue to show signs of illness d. develop other disorders

continue to show signs of illness

. How commonly are medications and therapy combined today? a. Combined treatments tend to only be used in an inpatient setting. b. Approximately 75 percent of those with a mental illness are treated with therapy alone, 10 percent use medications only, and just 15 percent are treated with both. c. While the combined approach is commonly used in the treatment of children, the same is not true in the adult population where the "quick fix" of a medication is the norm. d. Research suggests that many of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication.

Agoraphobia is best described as a fear of a. going to the dentist. b. being alone. c. being judged by people. d. experiencing a panic attack.

Behaviorally inhibited young children are more likely to develop specific phobias. This is an example of a ________ causal factor. a. conditioning b. preparedness c. cognitive d. biological

Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a a. necessary contributory cause. b. proximal contributory cause. c. reinforcing contributory cause. d. distal contributory cause.

Deaira developed conduct disorder early. Malik developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that __________. a. Malik will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions b. Malik will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems c. Deaira will have a higher level of intelligence d. Deaira will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to a. distort perception. b. alleviate depression. c. stabilize mood. d. treat psychotic disorders.

In psychoanalytic theory, which psychosexual stage centers on castration anxiety? a. Genital b. Oral c. Anal d. Phallic

Individuals who suffer from phobias a. are likely to believe that their fear is justified. b. suffer from uncued panic attacks. c. are unlikely to have other psychological diagnoses. d. have a disproportionate fear of some specific object.

Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________. a. anxiety; inattention b. anxiety; hyperactivity c. hyperactivity; inattention d. inattention; hyperactivity

Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning provides a theoretical rationale for an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. What is this treatment? a. response activation therapy b. exposure prevention therapy c. response provocation therapy d. exposure therapy with response prevention

Neurotic behavior a. is maladaptive and means that a person is out of touch with reality. b. is a current term, used to describe many disorders in the DSM-5. c. is what we now refer to as "hysteria." d. is maladaptive but means that a person is not out of touch with reality.

One limitation of the MMPI-2 is that it a. cannot detect whether an individual is attempting to distort his or her responses. b. requires a clinical interview as a supplement to the test itself. c. is based on factor analysis, which often leads to measures that sacrifice validity for the sake of reliability without intending to do so. d. requires an individual to be literate.

One of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalized anxiety disorder is a. it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. b. it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they didn't worry. c. it prevents people with the disorder from developing depression. d. it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety.

Persistent and recurrent thoughts are a. compulsions. b. delusions. c. hallucinations. d. obsessions.

Prozac is a a. GABA agonist. b. monoamine oxidase inhibitor. c. neuroleptic. d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Research using panic provocation agents has revealed a. the neurobiological basis for panic disorder. b. that there is no biological explanation for panic disorder. c. flaws in the studies using sodium lactate infusion. d. that there are probably multiple biological explanations for panic disorder.

Ryan, age 8, was cut from the school soccer team. After the initial disappointment, he became a boy scout, which he really enjoyed. Now as an adult, when he did not get into graduate school, rather than become depressed, Ryan found a job in his field that he enjoys, and plans to try again later. This is an example of a. a necessary and sufficient cause. b. the diathesis-stress theory. c. the interactive model of the diathesis-stress theory. d. the steeling or inoculation effect of some stressful experiences.

Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. b. There are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia. c. Most people with schizophrenia will have that gene. d. A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence __________. a. predicts the development of other psychopathology in adulthood b. rarely occurs c. commonly occurs in teens who suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d. is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder is

The hallmark symptom of autism is __________. a. strange behavior b. lack of language c. intellectual disability d. lack of interest in other people

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is __________. a. selective mutism b. depression c, generalized anxiety disorder d. specific phobias

The reliability of the assessment interview may be enhanced by the use of a. a flexible, open-ended interview rather than a structured interview. b. the TAT. c. the Rorschach test. d. rating scales.

Valium exerts its anxiolytic effects by increasing the activity of a. acetylcholine. b. dopamine. c. epinephrine. d. GABA. `

What disorder does GAD appear to be most related to? a. PTSD b. Panic disorder c. Specific phobia d. Major depression

What is thought to explain the effectiveness of the SSRIs in treating panic disorder? a. They increase serotonergic activity. b. They increase noradrenergic activity. c. They decrease serotonergic activity. d. They decrease noradrenergic activity.

When Charissa was a young child, she stepped on a bee and was stung. Since that time, she has been terrified of flying insects and runs away if she sees any. What form of learning is this? a. defense mechanism b. vicarious conditioning c. observational learning d. classical conditioning

Which of the following individuals best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis? a. Laci, a 12-year-old girl who soils herself at school b. Constance, a 10-year-old girl who also has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. Paco, a 14-year-old boy who suffers from chronic diarrhea d. Martin, a 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress

Which of the following is a challenge of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy? a. The client will never find out whether or not he or she was treated. b. Most clients will never improve on their own without treatment. c. There is little variation between different types of therapy. d. Even therapists who use the same techniques will differ in their delivery.

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children? a. it is due to immaturity - they will show more emotion as they age b. they have no emotions c. they have a neurological impairment - they can feel but not show emotion d. they lack the ability to pick up on social cues

Which of the following is a sociocultural explanation for the higher incidence of anxiety disorders in women? a. Historically, women have had to stay and care for young. Thus, a hypervigilant state was adaptive. b. Women have a natural tendency to be more cautious than men. c. High levels of male hormones lead to aggression and fearlessness. d. It is more acceptable for women to exhibit fear.

Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning? a. It provides an explanation for the development of all anxiety disorders. b. While it suggests mechanisms for the development of GAD, it does not account for the development of panic disorder and OCD. c. It does not account for the effectiveness of extinction procedures in the treatment of OCD. d. It has not been helpful in explaining why people with OCD develop obsessions in the first place and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors.

Which of the following is a type of test that tries to find ways in which a person's personality and past experiences cause them to understand and perceive their world? a. Structured interviews b. Objective tests c. Neuropsychological tests d. Projective tests

Which of the following is an objective test? a. Rorschach Test b. Thematic Apperception Test c. Sentence-Completion Test d. MMPI-2

Which of the following is an unstructured approach to studying personality? a. WISC-III b. the BPRS c. the Stanford-Binet d. the TAT

Which of the following is believed to be essential for effective treatment? a. A warm and loving relationship between the therapist and client b. Family involvement c. Client reliance on the therapist for direction and guidance d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

Which of the following is characteristic of the obsessions seen in OCD? a. The obsessions serve to alleviate the anxiety created by the compulsions. b. The obsessions are clearly related to a traumatic life event. c. The obsessions are rarely related to the compulsions exhibited. d. Individuals with OCD know that their obsessions are irrational.

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of OCD? a. The presence of compulsive behaviors b. A persistent awareness of the irrational nature of the obsessions experienced c. Evidence of psychosis d. The symptomatic behavior causes distress

Which of the following is one of the four instances where the law allows for the treatment of a child or adolescent without parental consent? a. Immature minors who are not capable of making their own decisions b. Custody cases c. Lawsuits resulting from delinquent acts d. Emancipated minors

Which of the following would be an example of a projective technique? a. A troubled teen is asked to select statements that she feels describe her. b. An alcoholic is told to record the times at which she feels the greatest desire for a drink. c. An elderly woman is asked to recall the day her father died. d. A child is asked to draw her family.

Which of the following would be an important factor to keep in mind when assessing behaviors exhibited during an assessment and how those behaviors might be interpreted? a. validity of the instrument b. relevance of date to national sample c. not enough data about a person d. the theoretical orientation of the clinician

While the DSM is designed to be a categorical classification scheme, a. in practice diagnoses are made on a dimensional basis. b. the high rate of comorbidity makes categorization impossible. c. the lack of objective criteria make accurate diagnosis impossible. d. the existing criteria tend to lead to a prototypal approach.

Why is it important to have an appropriate classification of the presenting problem? a. A formal diagnosis may be needed for insurance purposes. b. A determination of the range of presenting symptoms is needed to ensure proper placement in a treatment facility. c. A recognition of what type of disorder is present will aid in the development of an effective treatment plan. d. All of the above.

hich of the following is a criticism of humanistic-experiential therapies? a. Too focused on behavior b. Impersonal approach c. Too much emphasis on early experiences d. Goals are not clear

of the following is a form of behavior therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders? a. Rational emotive behavior therapy b. Stress-inoculation therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Systematic desensitization

It has been observed that if a women gives birth to a child with Down syndrome before the age of 35, she has an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following best explains this observation?

d. A genetic mutation that increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease also increases the likelihood of passing on chromosomal abnormalities.

How does vascular dementia differs from Alzheimer's disease?

d. Accompanying mood disorders are more common.

The occurrence of which of the following after a head injury suggests a poor prognosis?

d. Anterograde amnesia

You are convinced that your grandmother has Alzheimer's. How can you doctor confirm your diagnosis?

d. By ruling out all other potential causes of dementia

What type of drugs are most likely to be used to inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

d. Cholinesterase inhibitors

Which of the following is most likely to be characteristic of a physically aggressive Alzheimer's disease patient?

d. Delusions of persecution

Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-IV-TR under disorders of infancy, childhood, and adolescence?

d. Sleepwalking disorder

The first neurons to be affected in Alzheimer's disease are cells that release

d. acetylcholine.

Drugs used to treat enuresis are thought to

d. decrease the deepest stage of sleep.

Damage to the temporal lobes of the brain is most likely to result in

d. forgetfulness.

Phenylketonuria can be used to illustrate

d. how nature and nurture interact.

Shortly after birth, Darren's head began to grow. At age 5, a shunt was placed in his skull to drain fluid. He has seizures, trouble seeing, and is mildly mentally retarded. Darren's most likely diagnosis is

d. hydrocephaly.

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence

d. is not associated with lasting behavioral problems.

Anosognosia is an inability to

d. make realistic self-appraisals.

Dementia in HIV

d. may be due to the HIV virus directly attacking brain cells.

The verdict of Guilty but Mentally Ill

d. means people with mental illness that are found guilty of a crime go to the hospital until they are better, then return to jail to serve out their sentence.

Delirium is thought to be more common in the elderly due to

d. normal age-related changes in the brain.

Effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve

d. parental participation.

The terms functional and organic are no longer found in the DSM. Functional was previously used to indicate a(n) ________ origin while organic was used to refer to brain damage of with a(n) ________ cause.

d. psychological; biological

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is ________.

d. separation anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorders of childhood

d. typically do not lead to problems later in life.

We are likely to find that most of the children with autistic disorder

d. were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 years old.

discuss three of the six specific mental health risk factors in work situations

damage as a result of a serious injury , traumatic experiences such as service men and other stressful situations

A common sign of bulimia nervosa is

damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

Drugs used to treat enuresis are thought to: a. alleviate the anxiety that is leading to poor bladder control b. increase water retention c. inhibit reflexive bladder emptying d. decrease the deepest stage of sleep

decrease the deepest stage of sleep

Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to ________, although the mechanism is unclear.

decrease the deepest stage of sleep

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to

decrease the intensity of hallucinations

Cons of Ritalin (similar to cocaine)

decreased blood flow to brain disruption of growth hormone insomnia psychotic symptoms

Which of the following has been associated with autism? a. down syndrome b. mutations of chromosome 23 c. defective genes or radiation damage d. huntington's disease

defective genes or radiation damage

Freud called dreams "the royal road to the unconscious" because he believed ________

defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed material would start to come out in dreams.

The term "juvenile delinquent" is: a. used when a diagnosis of early-onset antisocial personality disorder has been made b. defined by the legal system c. inconsistent with the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder d. rarely used in modern times

defined by the legal system

most common cause of dementia

degenerative brain disease

Suddenly , Lavina is unable to remember what she was doing . She screams that bugs are crawling all over the walls . She begins to wildly swing her arms around . She cant fall asleep at night , but finally falls asleep at daylight. Lavina most likely has

delirium

describe delirium and dementia. what are the main differences

delirium has a rapid onset and is characterized by confusion , perception and changes in behavior . Dementia is gradual onset mostly effects memory .

delusion of reference

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a: a. thought broadcasting delusion b. delusion of reference c. made feelings delusion d. thought insertion delusion

delusion of reference

delusion of reference.

Which of the following protects children from environmental influences, but also makes them more vulnerable? a. a lack of self-understanding b. dependence on adults c. unrealistic expectations d. a limited understanding of death

dependence on adults

Studies into whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants showed that ________

depression in either the mother or the father can be transmitted to the next generation

Studies into whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants showed that ________

depression in either the mother or the father can be transmitted to the next generation.

Compared to enuresis, encopresis is: a. diagnosed at an earlier age b. more common c. less likely to be treated with drugs d. more likely be effectively treated with conditioning procedures

diagnosed at an earlier age

After being hit on the head, Bob experienced some retrograde amnesia. Those who were there knew this because he

did not know what happened.

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths

did not show normal fear potential startle responses

The term "demence precoce" was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain the ________

difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by: a. an increasing frequency from age 6 to age 16 b. a greater frequency in girls than in boys c. mild to moderate intellectual disability d. difficulties that interfere with effective task-oriented behavior

difficulties that interfere with effective task-oriented behavior

disorganized

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought - in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is: a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. disorganized speech d. disorganized behavior

disorganized speech

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia: a. show either positive-syndrome or negative-syndrome types b. show the Type II form exclusively c. develop the "disorganized" form of the disorder d. display a mix of positive and negative symptoms

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms

A person with two or more well-developed identities has the disorder called

dissociative identity disorder

Delusions are: a. perceptions with no basis in reality b. only seen in schizophrenia c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia d. disturbances in the content of thought

disturbances in the content of thought

Delusions are

disturbances in the content of thought.

Researchers trying to determine what portion of the genetic risk is inherited (52 percent) and what portion is due to ______ mutations (3 percent)

do novo

In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist

does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics.

In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist ________

does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics.

In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist

does not give answers or interpretations nor even steers the client onto certain topics.

Why are young children especially vulnerable to psychological problems

don't have realistic view of themselves sense of identity still developing, more dependent no sense of past and future

maternal ambilivence

duck example

The most widely known and studied learning disorder is

dyslexia

The most widely known and studied learning disorder is ________

dyslexia

Aberrant salience means that

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important.

A recent in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that

each was severely abused, both physically and sexually.

why is it important to prevent teen alcohol use?

early alcohol use is associated with later alcohol abuse and dependence

Genetic predisposition leading to low verbal intelligence, mild neuropsychological problems, and difficult temperament can set the stage for

early-onset CD

When asked what their orientation is, what do most of today's psychotherapists say?

eclectic

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom? a. hallucinations b. emotional unresponsiveness c. emotional turmoil d. delusions

emotional unresponsiveness

Children with autism often have additional problems such as: a. encopresis and sleep problems b. obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome c. conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder d. social anxiety disorder and elective mutism

encopresis and sleep problems

As a camp counselor, you are surprised when you hear that one of your young campers takes a hormone replacement drug intranasally to treat a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely

enuresis

As a camp counselor, you are surprised when you hear that one of your young campers takes a hormone replacement drug intranasally to treat a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely ________

enuresis

What factors play an important part in the expression of symptoms in childhood disorders

environment

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that

environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.

Delusions are

erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence.

Delusions are ________

erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence.

The cohesive family model focuses on

examining the relationship between family-group and child.

grandiose delusion

exceptional abilities, wealth, fame

Which symptom is rather uncommon among adolescents with conduct disorder?

excessive and chronic worry

Separation anxiety disorder

excessive anxiety about separation from attachment figures such as mothers or familiar home surroundings

Patients in a catatonic stupor

exhibit a virtual absence of all movement

Families of people with anorexia

exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.

Sarah has just received her first treatment of electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely to

experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment.

Sarah has just received her first treatment of electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely to ________

experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment.

The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she

experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.

The focus of process-experimental therapy is

experiencing of emotions during therapy

The focus on process-experimental therapy is

experiencing of emotions during therapy

The technique of free association is designed to

explore unconscious and preconscious material.

The excessive blockade of dopamine receptor D2 is the main cause of _________

extrapyramidal syndrome

eromatic delusion

false belief another person is in love with them

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because: a. families don't always share genes b. families share both genes and the environment c. genes are not expressed in every generation d. the strength of the correlations seen in familial concordance patterns does not allow any conclusions to be made

families share both genes and the environment

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because

families share both genes and the environment.

A clinical psychologist who said that maladaptive behaviors are shared between members of a relationship and not just the responsibility of an individual would be in harmony with therapists who take the

family systems approach.

family therapy

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her

fear of rejection

Children with separation anxiety disorder: a. have a school phobia b. fear impending separation but are fine once it actually happens c. fear separation from major attachment figures and worry they will die once separation occurs d. frequently develop conduct disorder as a result

fear separation from major attachment figures and worry they will die once separation occurs

children with separation anxiety disorder

fear separation from major attachment figures and worry they will die once separation occurs

The Durham Rule

focused on the cause of an unlawful act.

developmental psychopathology

focuses on determining what is abnormal at any point in the developmental process by comparing and contrasting it with normal and expected changes that occur

Developmental psychopathology

focuses on determining what is abnormal at any point in the developmental process by comparing and contrasting it with normal and expected changes that occur.

A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter ho strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging

free association

A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging

free association

a psychotherapist says to her client, "say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging:

free association

A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging

free association.

A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging ________

free-association

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the

frontal lobe.

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the ________

frontal lobe.

Dr. Bruce says "Its beneficial features are the ability to map ongoing psychological activities of the brain without injecting radioactive substances into the patient's body. In addition, they are much more widely available procedures than what was used before." What is Dr. Bruce describing?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from

generalized social phobia

Schizophrenia is best described as a ________

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder

Schizophrenia is best described as a: a. genetically influenced single gene disorder b. genetically influenced multiple gene disorder c. genetically determined single gene disorder d. genetically determined multiple gene disorder

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder

referential delusion

gesture, environment, directed at oneself

Is Separation anxiety more common in girls or boys?

girls (9%)

Long acting benzodiazepines are metabolized by the liver to form active metabolites, which are inactivated after forming conjugates with __________

glucuronic acid

It has been suggested that the symptoms seen in autism might reflect a problem with the function of the

glutamate neurotransmitter system

Most transsexuals

had gender dysphoria as children

positive symptom of schizophrenia disorders

hallucinations

persecution delusion

harmed, harassed

individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. which of the following is likely to be the most motivated?

harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she

has acute discomfort when she is alone

The long held belief that children with Down syndrome are especially placid and loving ________

has been called into question by research

Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression

has been inconclusive

Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression: a. demonstrates that drugs are just as effective as therapy b. suggests that children experience more side effects from these medications than adults c. indicates that there is not a biological basis for childhood depression d. has been inconclusive

has been inconclusive

The long held belief that children with Down syndrome are especially placid and loving

has been shown to be invalid by research

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to: a. have been born with physical birth defects b. have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood c. have a higher intelligence level on IQ tests d. be artistically or musically talented

have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to

have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood.

Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia? a. have delusions of reference b. exhibit primarily negative symptoms c. show more significant cognitive impairments than are seen in the other subtypes d. respond poorly to treatment

have delusions of reference

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to ________

have demonstrated motor abnormalities

freud called dreams "the royal road to the unconscious" because

he believed defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed material would start to come out in dreams

Freud called dreams "the royal road to the unconscious" because

he believed defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed material would start to come out in dreams.

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him: a. he admits he could be wrong b. he only admits he is wrong after being shown more proof than most people would need c. he doesn't admit he is wrong to other people, but he admits it to himself d. he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him,

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

Abby is participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat her depression. Her therapist will ________

help her conduct "experiments" to test a variety of hypotheses about the accuracy of her cognitions.

The intensive experimental behavior program designed by Ivar Lovaas for children with autism ________

helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning

Phenylketonuria can be used to illustrate:

how nature and nurture interact.

The extent of the deficits seen after brain damage are determined in part by

how one is functioning before the damage occurs

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is: a. how much impairment the person suffers b. how severe the person's positive symptoms are c. how severe the person's negative symptoms are d. how much therapy the person gets

how severe the person's negative symptoms are

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is

how severe the person's negative symptoms are.

hydrocephaly

According to the revisions made for the DSM-5, most people previously diagnosed with ______________ will be diagnosed with complex somatic symptom disorder.

hypochondriasis

Noting that a client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father

illustrates the analysis of resistance?

name and describe 5 types of impairments found in neuropsychological disorders

impairment of memory typically remote , impairment of orientation and the person cannot locate themselves in time or place or identities , impairment in learning and the person struggles to understand abstract ideas or plan, impairment of emotional cantrol and person over reacts , emotional blunting

A crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation

in the context of normal developmental changes

A crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation: a. as a phenomenon no different in children than in adults b. as a disease process c. in the context of normal developmental changes d. in a cultural context that determines what is acceptable behavior

in the context of normal developmental changes

A crucial aspect of for those in the field of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation ________

in the context of normal developmental changes

The subtypes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder include all EXCEPT

inattentive/distractible

One way to suppress the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia is to:

increase the dose of the anitipsychotic drug

All of the following are social forces that affect teen drug use EXCEPT

increased potency of street drugs.

One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for ADHD is that it ________

increases alertness

Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as Ritalin is thought to be effective as it

increases the ability to concentrate

Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as Ritalin is thought to be effective as it: a. quiets the voices b. increases the ability to concentrate c. interferes with glutamate activity d. acts as a sedative

increases the ability to concentrate

When adoption studies of schizophrenia contain all the necessary controls and measurements: a. the role of genes is found to be negligible b. index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects c. the environment is found to be a more important determinant of psychological health than family history d. no significant effects are seen

index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects

The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia determined that ________

index subjects were more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects.

In order to prevent long-term consequences, ________ interventions are provided immediately after a disaster such as a plane crash.

indicated

Intelligence and personality tests can best be described as

indirect means of assessing psychological characteristics.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a therapeutic community?

individual responsibility

It was once believed that masturbation caused

insanity.

Child's difficult temperament may lead to

insecure attachment

Severe intellectual disability

institutionalization is usually required

Key ideas in Gestalt therapy are

integration of mind and body, dream interpretation, and emotional impasse.

Key ideas in Gestalt therapy are ________

integration of thought, feeling, and action

Extrapyramidal side effects are ________

involuntary movement abnormalities seen in patients taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs.

Most of the evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it: a. is due to an abnormality on Chromosome 21 b. involves one or two genes c. is a sex-linked, recessive condition d. involves a multitude of genes that work in concert

involves a multitude of genes that work in concert

Most of the evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it

involves a multitude of genes that work in concert.

One modification used for diagnosing depression in children is that _______ is often found as a major symptom and can be substituted for depressed mood.

irritability

childhood and adult depression differ in what way

irritability is often a major symptom in childhood depression

vascular dementia

is a result of many small strokes

A randomized clinical trial

is a study where people are assigned to different groups by a flip of a coin, one-half to a treatment group and one-half to a seemingly identical placebo group

a randomized clinical trial

is a study where people are assigned to different groups by a flip of a coin, one-half to a treatment group and one-half to a seemingly identical placebo group

Coprolalia

is a vocal tic involving yelling obscenities

Coprolalia

is a vocal tic involving yelling obscenities.

Linkage analysis

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia.

Cirrhosis of the liver

is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.

Disorganized schizophrenia: a. is most commonly seen in women b. is characterized by disorganized speech c. usually develops in late adulthood d. responds well to treatment

is characterized by disorganized speech

diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in kids

is complicated because behavior that is problematic for a kid of one age is normal for a kid of another age

dr. mcdougal's specialty is forensic psychology. we can imagine that she

is concerned with the legal status of the mentally ill.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder

is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence ________

is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence: a. predicts the development of other psychopathology in adulthood b. rarely occurs c. commonly occurs in teens who suffer from ADHD d. is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder

is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder

The belief that one should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects

is one of the irrational beliefs of Rational-Emotive Behavior therapy; at the core of psychological maladjustment.

Autism

is one of the most strongly genetic disorders in the DSM-5

Autism: a. is due to environmental factors like family environment b. is minimally related to genetics c. is caused by exposure to chemical toxins during early development d. is one of the most strongly genetic disorders in the DSM-5

is one of the most strongly genetic disorders in the DSM-5

Functional enuresis: a. always has an organic cause b. usually develops following some traumatic event c. is seen in boys more commonly than girls d. exists in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms

is seen in boys more commonly than girls

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a. is commonly diagnosed after age of 15 b. is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities c. is seen equally in boys and girls d. is thought to occur in about 10 percent of school-aged children

is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities

The process by which lithium reduces the likelihood of mood swings

is unknown at this time.

Today, neurosurgery

is used as a last resort and involves the destruction of only tiny areas of the brain.

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time?

it focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences

The new antianxiety drug Buspar has the advantage that

it has a low potential for abuse

Which of the following is a legal term used to describe individuals between the ages of 8 and 18 who commit illegal acts? a. conduct disorder b. oppositional defiant disorder c. juvenile delinquency d. psychopathy

juvenile delinquency

________ is an anesthetic that is safe for use in animals and children but not in adults because it can cause schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms.

ketamine

Which disorder is caused by deficiency of vitamin B , most commonly caused by alcohol misuse

korsakoffs syndrome

The first sign of a neurocognitive disorder is typically

lack of attention to the envior,environment

humanistic-existential therapies are based on the belief that psychopathology is a result of

lack of fulfillment

The hallmark symptom of autism is

lack of interest in other people

The hallmark symptom of autism is:

lack of interest in other people

The hallmark symptom of autism is: a. lack of language b. lack of interest in other people c. intellectual disability d. strange behaviors

lack of interest in other people

hallmark symptom of autism

lack of interest in other people

Mary has noticeable word finding difficulty and may avoid using specific names of aquantances. Mary has a mild deficit in which neurocognitive domains

language

individuals with down syndrome typically show what characteristics ?

large tongues and short fingers

Mild intellectual disability

largest number of intellectually disabled are in this level, they are also considered educable

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in: a. late adulthood or old age b. late adolescence or early adulthood c. late childhood or early adolescence d. there is no age where the majority of cases begin

late adolescence or early adulthood

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in

late adolescence or early adulthood.

Which of the following correctly represents one of the four areas where the law allows for treatment of child or adolescent without parental consent?

law suits resulting from delinquent acts

________ are delays in cognitive development in the areas of language, speech, mathematical, or motor skills that are not necessarily due to any demonstrable physical or neurological defect.

learning disabilities

The term juvenile delinquent is a _______term that is most used to describe __________in adolescents.

legal; serious rule violations

Punitive approaches to antisocial youth are: a. likely to make problems worse b. effective when intervention occurs before adolescence c. not the norm d. effective at "teaching the child a lesson"

likely to make problems worse

Punitive approaches to antisocial youth are:

likely to make problems worse.

Stress and anxiety in a person will directly result in the increased activity of _______

limbic system

The ______ plays a major role in the regulation and control of emotions

limbic system

The _________ is involved with emotional and behavioral responses associated with reward, punishment, anger, fear and anxiety

limbic system

Link between CD and antisocial personality disorder stronger among ____ socioeconomic-class children

lower

nihilistic delusion

major catastrophe

The region of the brain known as the ________ (MHC) plays an important role in brain development and neuronal function.

major histocompatibility complex

in most states that have a tarasoff-type rule, when a client threatens someone, a therapist must

make a reasonable effort to warn potential victims

In most states that have a Tarasoff-type rule, when a client threatens someone, a therapist must

make a reasonable effort to warn potential victims.

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of

malingering.

manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car

manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car.

As children with ADHD become adolescents and adults: a. they outgrow their ADHD symptoms b. many continue to experience symptoms c. most get worse d. those with hyperactivity tend to get worse, the rest get better

many continue to experience symptoms

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because

many of the personality disorders share common features.

reference delusion

marshall believes that all TV commericals are directed at him

Communication deviance

may be an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia.

Andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectancy

may be enough by itself to produce positive change

Andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectancy

may be enough by itself to produce positive change.

Andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectancy ________

may be enough by itself to produce positive change.

andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. this expectancy

may be enough by itself to produce positive change.

Atypical antipsychotics are more commonly used today because they

may effectively treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

A young child who tries to kill him/herself: a. is doing it to try to manipulate adults, not because he/she really wants to die b. is depressed and really wants to die c. may have unrealistic beliefs about death and not really understand what it means to die d. is probably more mature and aware than most children their age

may have unrealistic beliefs about death and not really understand what it means to die

Comfort Food

may help reduce activation in the stress response system

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations ________

may reflect a cognitive error

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations: a. are actually heard b. are usually drug induced c. may reflect a cognitive error d. activate the brain areas involved in speech comprehension

may reflect a cognitive error

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations

may reflect a cognitive error.

Once a person has been involuntarily committed to a mental institution, he or she

may refuse treatment.

psychosis

means a significant loss of contact with reality

A valid test

measures what it is designed to measure.

Which of the following would be the most objective way of evaluation treatment success?

measuring the change in through personality tests and other instruments

Which of the following would be the most objective way of evaluating treatment success?

measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments

What are the two major approaches to treating children with ADHD?

medication and behavior therapy

what has research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of depression demonstrated?

medication in combination with therapy yields the best results

In Keller's research study of depressed patients, more patients did well in the _________ condition than in the __________ condition, but the _________ was clearly the most effective.

medication-only, psychotherapy-only, combined treatment

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition in men typically is during the ________

mid-twenties.

While ____ can be used in treatment, is also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired.

modeling

While ________ can be used in treatment, it also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired when others' behavior is problematic

modeling

Yuko is painfully shy. Her therapist first shows her appropriate social skills so she can interact competently with others. Then Yuko attempts the same behavior while getting feedback. This illustrates the behavior therapy technique called

modeling.

Which of the following is a type of "classical antidepressant"?

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Suppose you were the director of a mental health center that provided treatment for children. Based on research, you would expect that:

more boys would be diagnosed with disorders than girls

Suppose you were the director of a mental health center that provided treatment for children. Based on research, you would expect that: a. more girls would be diagnosed with disorders than boys b. the most common disorders diagnosed would be eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder c. the average age of your child clients would be around 5 or 6 d. more boys would be diagnosed with maladjustment disorders than girls

more boys would be diagnosed with maladjustment disorders than girls

According to a recent meta-analysis of 40 years of data on cognitive-behavioral therapy, _________

more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones.

The most recent studies of satisfactory outcome from sex reassignment surgery find

most individuals are satisfied

Jenny has an IQ in the average range. However, at school she is doing very poorly. She has consistently scored at two or more grade levels below the grade she is actually in. From this, a diagnostician would hypothesize that Jenny:

most likely has a learning disability.

dyslexia

most widely known and studied learning disorder

The most common cause of traumatic brain injury is

motor vehicle accidents.

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as

multiple personality disorder.

At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from

narcissistic personality disorder.

The beneficial side effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics allow them to be used for the treatment of __________

nausea and vomiting

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a ________

neologism

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a: a. delusion b. auditory hallucination c. negative symptom d. neologism

neologism

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a

neologism.

In the DSM 5 ! the disorders now known as " delirium , dementia , and amnestic and other cognitive disorders" will be part of a newly proposed category called

neurocognitive disorders

___________ are a group of severely disabling conditions in children that are considered to result of structural differences in the brain and usually apparent at birth or as the child begins to develop

neurodevelopment disorders

attention deficit/ hyperactivity

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restlessness and difficulty in maintaining attentional focus

autism spectrum disorder

neurodevelopmental disorder involving significant impairments in the domains of social communications and performance of restricted, repetitive behaviors

________ are a group of severely disabling conditions in children that are considered to be the result of structural differences in the brain and usually apparent at birth or as the child begins to develop. a. neurodevelopmental disorders b. symptom disorders c. conduct disorders d. tic disorders

neurodevelopmental disorders

The most effective medical treatment for Tourette's syndrome is ________

neuroleptics such as haloperidol.

tardive dyskinesia

neurological disorder resulting from excessive use of antipsychotic drugs, symptoms are involuntary movements of tongue, lips and jaw etc

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases or decreases ________ within a patient.

neuronal activity

Has medical treatment for autism been effective?

According to the M'Naghten Rule, insanity is defined as

not knowing right from wrong

According to the M'Naghten Rule, insanity is defined as

not knowing right from wrong.

To meet criteria for ADHD these problems have to be

numerous, persistent, and causing impairment at home, school, or the workplace

Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?

obesity

A good example of psychotherapy being used as a guardian of the status quo ________

occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union

A good example of psychotherapy being used as a guardian of the status quo ________

occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union.

Drug treatment for autistic disorder has been found to be: a. of some value in reducing aggressive behaviors b. extremely beneficial when neuroleptics like haloperidol are used c. contraindicated since they tend to make the children withdraw even further d. extremely beneficial when a hormone replacement drug is used

of some value in reducing aggressive behaviors

procedural memory

often is intact in patients with amnesic disorder which means they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work

According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment?

one should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects

dr. jones says, "these projects have clearly shown a promising path toward reducing the extent of substance abuse in young people." what projects is dr. jones talking about?

ones that combine different intervention strategies

. The Tarasoff rule usually applies

only if the target of violence is clearly identifiable.

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior? a. oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder b. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder c. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression d. conduct disorder and childhood depression

oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

Amphetamine psychosis resembles

paranoid schizophrenia.

Effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve: a. removing the child from the environment that has fostered the maladaptive behavior b. legal intervention c. teaching the child basic moral lessons d. parental participation

parental participation

Effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve:

parental participation.

Which of the following is a risk factor for ODD and conduct disorder? a. parental psychopathology b. methamphetamine abuse c. middle socioeconomic status d. childhood obesity

parental psychopathology

One of the most important factors in the treatment of children and adolescents is ________

parental willingness to be involved in treatment

One of the most important factors in the treatment of children and adolescents is: a. the type of disorder they have b. their intellectual level c. parental willingness to be involved in treatment d. their response to medications

parental willingness to be involved in treatment

One of the most important factors in the treatment of children and adolescents is ________

parental willingness to be involved in treatment.

One of the most important factors in the treatment of children and adolescents is:

parental willingness to be involved in treatment. their response to medications.

All of the following are sociocultural efforts toward universal prevention of mental disorders EXCEPT

penal systems.

Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,

personality disorders develop gradually

Projective and objective are two types of

personality tests.

Which of the following is likely a sign of disorganized schizophrenia?

peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements

A disproportionate number of children with separation anxiety disorder also experience a high number of other anxiety-based disorders such as

phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Profound intellectual disability

physical deformities are common and can usually be diagnosed in infancy

What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counseling?

physicians and the clergy

mainstreaming

placement of mentally retarded children in regular school classrooms for all or part of the day

A typical defense strategy, to try to counteract public anger about the insanity defense, is to

portray the defendant as someone who was him- or herself a victim.

Maturational delays most prominent in __________ involved in attention and impulsiveness

prefrontal brain regions

Children with autism has a decreased activity in medial _______

prefrontal cortex

A nobel prize winning treatment for schizophrenia was

prefrontal lobotomies

A Nobel Prize winning treatment for schizophrenia was

prefrontal lobotomies.

Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia?

prenatal influenza exposure

somatic delusion

preoccupation with health, organ failure

Predicting dangerousness is most comparable to

preparing a weather forecast

stroop task

preponent response to read the word is stronger than to name the color

in general, psychiatrists tend to treat mental disorders by ____ and psychologists by ____.

prescribing medications, examining and changing behavior and thought patterns

In general, psychiatrists tend to treat mental disorders by ________ and psychologists by ________.

prescribing medications; examining and changing behavior and thought patterns

Throughout his young life, Quincy, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. Quincy would be diagnosed as having ________

primary functional enuresis

Throughout his young life, Quincy, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. Quincy would be diagnosed as having: a. primary functional encopresis b. secondary functional encopresis c. primary functional enuresis d. secondary functional enuresis

primary functional enuresis

Dyslexia

problem in word recognition and reading comprehension; often markedly deficient in spelling

The basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is

problems develop because a person views themselves and their world in biased ways.

The basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is

problems develop because people view themselves and their world in biased ways

The basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is

problems develop because people view themselves and their world in biased ways.

Studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have: a. shown that Prozac is extremely effective in producing long-term symptom relief b. produced inconsistent results c. indicated that while these drugs have few side effects, neither do they have any benefits d. a major drawback: children develop tolerance to the drugs and become psychologically dependent on them

produced inconsistent results

alzheimers disease

progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder

The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that

proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behavior

The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that: a. focuses on how the child's behavior elicits negative responses from other family members b. proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behavior c. teaches the child basic moral lessons d. combines punitive and therapeutic interventions

proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behavior

dependence on adults

protects kids from environmental influences but also make them more vulnerable

Dr. Patel says this about his goals in therapy: "I want my patients to become aware of their repressed memories from childhood and come to terms with them in the light of adult realities." Dr. Patel most likely prefers ________ therapy.

psychodynamic

dr. patel says this about his goals in therapy: "i want my patients to become aware of their repressed memories from childhood and come to terms with them in the light of adult realities." dr. patel most likely prefers ______ therapy.

psychodynamic

Patients with schizophrenia who receive ________ are less likely to relapse or be readmitted to the hospital than those receiving the standard treatment only.

psychoeducation

Which of the following is a sociocultural effort toward universal prevention?

public education

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia tries to help them ________

question their delusions to help reduce their intensity.

What does Ritalin do?

quiets child, lowers aggression

rational emotive behavior

rational emotive behavior therapy.

In Beck's cognitive therapy, an early "homework" assignment would be

recording one's automatic thoughts and any associated emotional reactions

In Beck's cognitive therapy, an early "homework" assignment would be

recording one's automatic thoughts and any associated emotional reactions.

In Beck's cognitive therapy, an early "homework" assignment would be

recording one's automatic thoughts and their associated emotional reactions.

The parenting in families of children with conduct disorders typically involves ________

rejection and neglect

The parenting in families of children with conduct disorders typically involves: a. accepting the child's behavior as "normal" b. providing the child with harsh but consistent discipline c. rejection and neglect d. overprotecting the child

rejection and neglect

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychopharmacology?

relapse is likely when drug use is terminated

William is an autistic child. He is probably

relatively withdrawn and uncommunicative

William is an autistic child. He is probably: a. very talkative b. unable to utter any meaningful sounding words c. relatively withdrawn and uncommunicative d. aggressive and frequently attacks others

relatively withdrawn and uncommunicative

How commonly are medications and therapy combined today?

research suggests that over half of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication

It is believed that depressed mothers negatively affect their infants because they: a. are overly intrusive with their children, depending upon the child rather than allowing the child to depend upon them b. respond less sensitively to their children and show more irritable behavior c. tend to blame themselves when, in fact, the children have made mistakes d. engage in impulsive, antisocial behaviors which the children mimic

respond less sensitively to their children and show more irritable behavior

It is believed that depressed mothers negatively affect their infants because they:

respond less sensitively to their children and show more irritable behavior.

Very recent research suggests that having a lower IQ may itself be an independent ________

risk factor for developing schizophrenia.

For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is

roughly 50 percent within six months.

Five common subtypes

rule violations (26%) deceit/theft aggressive behavior severe forms of 1 and 2 (29%) combination of sub-types 1,2,3 (29%)

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with: a. residual type b. schizoaffective disorder c. schizophreniform disorder d. undifferentiated type

schizoaffective disorder

There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder

schizoaffective disorder

There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder.

schizoaffective disorder

There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder. a. residual type b. schizoaffective disorder c. schizophreniform disorder d. undifferentiated type

schizoaffective disorder

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with

schizoaffective disorder.

Antidepressants are used to treat all of the following except ________

schizophrenia

DeJuan sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours without moving or talking. This type of disorganized behavior is a symptom of _________

schizophrenia

Tricyclic antidepressant medications were discovered during a search for a treatment for ________

schizophrenia

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya's have lasted only eight weeks. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be: a. schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya b. disorganized schizophrenia for Harold; schizophrenia for Tanya c. schizoaffective disorder for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya d. schizophreniform disorder for Harold; brief psychotic disorder for Tanya

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya.

Antidepressants are used to treat all of the following EXCEPT

schizophrenia.

Virginia exhibits a variety of schizophrenic symptoms including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. She has been symptomatic for a little more than a month. Virginia qualifies for a diagnosis of: a. paranoid schizophrenia b. schizoaffective disorder, manic type c. undifferentiated schizophrenia d. schizophreniform disorder

schizophreniform disorder

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia? a. undifferentiated schizophrenia b. schizoaffective disorder c. delusional disorder d. schizophreniform disorder

schizophreniform disorder

schizophreniform disorder.

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder.

schizotypal

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is

schizotypal personality disorder.

After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

secondary functional enuresis

ritalin

seems effective for ADHD because it increases ability to concentrate

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia: a. shows very little promise b. seems to be very effective when combined with medication c. is an effective replacement for medication d. has many side effects

seems to be very effective when combined with medication

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia

seems to be very effective when combined with medication.

Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation -

seems to work for some people with less severe alcoholism.

Efforts at reducing racism as a means of preventing mental illness would be a(n) ____ intervention.

selective

efforts at reducing racism as a means of preventing mental illness would be a(n)_____ intervention.

selective

Prozac is a

selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor.

Prozac is a

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Prozac is a ________

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Hallucinations are: a. sensory experiences with no basis in reality b. only seen in schizophrenia c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia d. disturbances in the content of thought

sensory experiences with no basis in reality

Hallucinations are

sensory experiences with no basis in reality.

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is ________. a. selective mutism b. depression c. generalized anxiety disorder d. separation anxiety disorder

separation anxiety disorder

ECT has been found to be an effective treatment for ________

severe or psychotic-level depression.

Serial killers tend to be

sexual sadists.

The text presented the case of Mary Kendall, who suffered from dissociative identity disorder. She is typical of individuals with this disorder in that

she has periods of "lost time."

Suzanne is taking a benzodiazepine to treat her anxiety. She should be concerned that

she may become physically dependent on the drug

Suzanne is taking a benzodiazepine to treat her anxiety. She should be concerned that

she may become physically dependent on the drug.

Patients in a catatonic stupor: a. are highly suggestible b. experience overwhelming hallucinations c. exhibit both echopraxia and echolalia d. show pronounced motor signs

show pronounced motor signs

Patients in a catatonic stupor

show pronounced motor signs.

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families: a. showed the same risk for schizophrenia as those adopted into dysfunctional families - genes were the most important factor b. showed higher risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - they had trouble fitting in with the family c. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia d. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - the environment causes people to develop schizophrenia, not genes

showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families,

showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia.

Some studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have ________

shown that these drugs are associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

A controlled study of family history and onset of depression found that children from mood-disordered families had ________ those from nondisordered families.

significantly higher rates of depression than

Encopresis is ________ likely to occur in boys than in girls.

six times more likely

Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-5 under elimination disorders? a. primary functional enuresis b. encopresis c. secondary functional enuresis d. sleepwalking disorder

sleepwalking disorder

Brain of child with ADHD

smaller brain volume, brain matures 3 years slower

Recognition of emotions, theory of mind is which one of the 6 neurocognitive domains?

social cognition

At Rush General, the inpatient mental ward employs a program that focuses on modifying the behavior of the patients by giving them gold stars for good behavior and ignoring undesirable behavior. What type of treatment program does this appear to be?

social learning

At Rush General, the inpatient mental word employs a program that focuses on modifying the behavior of the patients...

social learning

Low socioeconomic status and living in a poor neighborhood are ________ variables that increase the probability of a child developing conduct disorder.

sociocultural

The underlying basis of the insanity defense is

some people who have a mental illness are not able to fully comprehend their behavior, so are not able to form the needed intent for a crime, so should not be punished.

what evidence is there that genes are involved in Alzheimer's disease

specific chromosomes inherited from parents have been identified as contributing to the onset of alzhiemers

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is ________

specific phobias

Manualized therapies first originated in order to ________

standardize psychosocial treatments for RCTs

delirium

state of acute brain failure that lies between normal wakefulness and stupor or coma

amnestic disorder

strikingly disturbed memory mostly short term memory

34. The Brady family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, "If the whole family context changes, Marcia's problem behavior will change as well." The family therapist probably agrees with the ________ therapy approach.

structural family

One of the goals of ________ is changing the organization of the family such that the family members behave more supportively toward each other.

structural family therapy

Children and adolescents with conduct disorder are often comorbid for other disorders such as

substance abuse disorder or depressive symptoms.

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5? a. schizophrenia will not be included in the DSM-5 b. subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain c. only the paranoid subtype remains d. only the catatonic subtype remains

subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain

It is important to do a thorough physical examination to rule out medical problems before diagnosing encopresis because these children often ________

suffer from constipation

It is important to do a thorough physical examination, to rule out medical problems, before diagnosing encopresis because these children often: a. have sleep and metabolic disorders, as well b. engage in hypochondriacal behaviors c. suffer from diabetes and other serious, chronic conditions d. suffer from constipation

suffer from constipation

Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders

suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice

Research on the effects of parental depression: a. confirms that genes play a role in the etiology of childhood depression b. suggests that parental psychopathology leads to changes in parenting behavior that has lasting effects on children c. does not indicate that environmental factors play a role in the development of childhood depression d. indicates that the influence of peers is greater than that of parents

suggests that parental psychopathology leads to changes in parenting behavior that has lasting effects on children

Studies of the brains of individuals with DID

support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.

The only treatment that has been shown to be effective in treating gender dysphoria is

surgical sex reassignment.

ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties ________

sustaining attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive or exaggerated motor activity

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on

symptom or feature similarities.

Chrissy and her therapist together wrote a list of ten scenes involving Chrissy's fear of flying. After teaching her a relaxation technique, Chrissy's therapist told her to imagine herself in the least frightening scene while she made herself feel relaxed. Chrissy was undergoing

systematic desensitization

Which of the following is a form of behavior therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

systematic desensitization

systematic desensitization.

The text reported the case of a 6-year-old boy who had a history of disruptive behavior in class. His parents and teacher were instructed to ignore the disruptive behavior while reinforcing appropriate behavior. This is an example of ________

systematic reinforcement

systematic reinforcement.

The text reported the case of a 6-year-old boy who hated school and showed off in class. His parents and teacher were instructed to ignore the showing-off behavior while reinforcing appropriate behavior. This is an example of

systematic use of reinforcement

systematic use of reinforcement.

Long term use of phenothiazine antipsychotics is most likely to result in _________

tardive dyskinesia

The conventional antipsychotic drugs have a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement. This side effect is called ________

tardive dyskinesia

Which of the following is not a problem with the benzodiazepines?

tardive dyskinesia

The conventional antipsychotic drugs have a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement. This side effect is called

tardive dyskinesia.

The conventional antipsychotic drugs have a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement. This side effect is called ________

tardive dyskinesia.

All of the following are elements of "milieu therapy" EXCEPT

teaching social skills and problem solving.

An individuals with amnestic disorder is likely to be unable to ____________.

tell you whom he or she met 5 minutes ago

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found: a. little evidence of increased concordance with increased gene-sharing b. such strong correspondence between gene-sharing and diagnosis that environmental factors have been ruled out c. strong correspondence between gene-sharing and diagnosis but only for males d. that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder.

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found ________

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder.

Hyperactivity is the most frequently diagnosed mental health condition in

the US among preadolescent boys

Cross-cultural studies of tics find that: a. the types of tics seen most commonly vary with culture b. the average age of tic onset appears to be universal c. tics occur less frequently in cultures that are less expressive d. tics are always seen more frequently in females

the average age of tic onset appears to be universal

The use of electroconvulsive therapy can be traced to

the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are never co-morbid disorder.

The use of electroconvulsive therapy can be traced to ________

the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are rarely comorbid disorders

the use of electroconvulsive therapy can be traced to

the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are rarely comorbid disorders

stages 3-4

the body is at its lowest level of functioning during...

plaques made of beta-amyloid protein

the cause of dementia of the alzheimers type

To summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness we can say that

the chances of an average client benefiting significantly are impressive.

To summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness, we can say that ________

the chances of an average client benefiting significantly are impressive.

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

the client reported hearing voices

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder,

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent.

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder, ________

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent.

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder: a. anyone with schizophrenia in his or her family history would develop schizophrenia b. the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent c. marrying a schizophrenic would not increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia d. numerous cures would now be available

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100%

The current practice of providing treatment stresses

the coordination of services in the community

The current practice of providing treatment stresses _________

the coordination of services in the community.

Why has the attempt to reduce the drug supply from other countries not reduced the rate of adolescent substance abuse?

the drugs most abused by adolescents are alcohol and tobacco, which are easily available

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? a. the presence of delusions and hallucinations b. the age of the person when they develop the disorder c. the degree of emotional instability and disconnection from other people d. the duration of symptoms

the duration of symptoms

major difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder

the duration of symptoms

Indicated prevention emphasizes

the early detection and prompt treatment of maladaptive behavior in a person's community setting.

Phenylketonuria is treated with ________

the elimination of phenylalanine-containing foods

Phenylketonuria is treated with ________

the elimination of phenylalanine-containing foods.

One criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been

the emphasis on change

one criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been

the emphasis on change

One criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been ________

the emphasis on change.

One reason the use of lithium in the United States was delayed as a treatment for bipolar disorder was due to ________

the fact that it could not be patented

Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia: a. it is usually impossible to detect early signs of the disorder b. the first signs are usually delusions or hallucinations c. the first signs are usually seen in the way children move d. the first signs are usually seen in speech problems

the first signs are usually seen in the way children move

remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis

the hidden observer -guides people's actions when they are hypnotized. -gives people superhuman strength under hypnosis -counters the effects of hypnosis. -remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is: a. the level of expressed emotion b. the level of parental grief over their child's illness c. if the mother is cold and aloof d. if lots of double-bind communications are used

the level of expressed emotion

Which of the following is an advantage of using Beck's cognitive treatment for depression, as compared to drugs?

the likelihood of relapse is decreased

Which of the following statements about early-onset conduct disorder is true?

the majority will continue to have, at minimum, social dysfunction as adults

which of the following funds research on mental disorders and assists communities in establishing mental health services?

the national institute on mental health (NIMH)

Echolalia

the parrot-like repetition of a few words

what led to the development of family systems therapy?

the realization that the family environment played a role in whether relapse occurred

The case of Phineas Gage demonstrates

the role of the brain in determining personality.

In structural family therapy, _______

the therapist initially acts like one of the family and participates in family interactions.

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia? a. the teen who has been in a catatonic state for several days b. the woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy c. the man who shows little emotion, and who makes no sense when he speaks d. the mother of three who first showed signs of schizophrenia in her teens and now is unable to care for herself or her children

the woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

Why are the SSRIs the most commonly used antidepressants today?

their side effects are more tolerable than those of the first generation antidepressants

All of the following are challenges of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy EXCPET:

there is a little variation between different types of therapy

An analysis of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy found that

there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder

An analysis of psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy found that ________

there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder

An analysis of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy found that

there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder.

An analysis of psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy found that ________

there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder.

which of the following is the best example of a "model" therapy session?

there is no "model" therapy

Which person described below is the "typical" client in psychotherapy?

there is no "typical" client

which person described below is the "typical" client in psychotherapy?

there is no "typical" client

Research on the impact of matching the client's race and ethnicity with the therapist's indicates that

there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched

research on the impact of matching the client's race and ethnicity with the therapists indicates that

there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched

Research on the impact of matching the client's race and ethnicity with the therapist's indicates that

there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched.

There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because: a. there is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine b. there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine c. the is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have used too many drugs d. there is only one type of dopamine receptor

there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine

In the mid-20th century, prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because ________

there were not many other available treatments.

In the mid-1900s, prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because

there weren't many other available treatments.

in the mid- 1900's prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because

there werent many other available treatments

what do lithium carbonate, carbamazepine (tegretol), and valproate (depakote) have in common?

they are all mood-stabilizing drugs.

While there is little research on the different substance abuse prevention programs, what there is on programs such as D.A.R.E. suggests

they are mostly ineffective.

Which of the following is true about second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia? a. They are more effective than first generation antipsychotics. b. They work by decreasing frontal lobe activity. c. They prevent prenatal brain damage. d. They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics.

they are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that: a. they behave relatively normally other than the delusions b. their delusions are not well-formed c. they know their delusions are delusions d. they rarely act on their delusions

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions.

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that ________

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions.

Procedural memory often is intact in patients with amnestic disorder. This means

they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work.

Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists' ratings may be unreliable is because ________

they cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings.

One disadvantage of early descriptions of schiziophrenia, such as Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," is that: a. they assumed that what we call schizophrenia only occurred in elderly patients b. they were actually describing Alzheimer's dementia, not schizophrenia c. they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today d. they assumed the intellectual functioning of patients remained constant even as their bodies aged

they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today

One disadvantage of early descriptions of schiziophrenia, such as Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," is that

they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today.

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that

they have a low risk of movement-related side effects

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that ________

they have a low risk of movement-related side effects

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that ________

they have a low risk of movement-related side effects.

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre-post test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is

they increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment.

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre-post test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is that

they increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment.

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre/post-test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is that ________

they increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment.

Despite what is shown in movies like Rain Man, most autistic children would not cope well being brought to a Las Vegas casino for the first time, because ________

they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine

Despite what is shown in movies like Rain Man, most autistic children would not cope well being brought to a Las Vegas casino for the first time, because: a. they are afraid of large groups of people b. they would want to touch things they weren't allowed to touch c. they would be so excited by all the sights and sounds they would become over-agitated d. they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine

they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine

What kind of mistake do most mental health professionals make when assessing dangerousness?

they overpredict violence

According to the views of Carl Rogers, how should children be raised?

they should be permitted to blossom into the people they are destined to be

reflective functioning

think something is happening, think to check up on the child

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the concept that ________

thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior

cortisol

tiger example

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________.

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

In which of the following circumstances would a clinician be most likely to use self-monitoring?

to find out what situations are likely to illicit problematic behavior

The current trend for treatment of the intellectually disabled is: a. to place them in institutions b. to place all but the mildly intellectually disabled in institutions c. to place all but the mildly and moderately retarded in institutions d. to keep even the most severely retarded in the community rather than institutions

to keep even the most severely retarded in the community rather than institutions

Adoption studies are typically used

to separate the effects of nature and nurture.

Moderate intellectual disability are considered

trainable

A son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that ________ is occurring.

transference

A son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that

transference is occurring.

drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to

treat psychotic disorders

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to ________

treat psychotic disorders.

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia: a. has been very successful in reducing symptoms b. tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living c. tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital d. tries to help cure people of schizophrenia

tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia: a. tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living b. tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living c. tries to help people find the services they need in the community d. tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity

tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity.

Approximately half of children with ADHD will continue to meet criteria in adulthood (t/f)

true

Children who develop CD at an earlier age are more likely to develop psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder as adults than are adolescents who develop CD suddenly in adolescence. (t/f)

true

In many children, the disorder separation anxiety disorder goes away on its own.

true

Many childhood disorders have no counterpart in adult psychopathology (t/f)

true

Older age of father at a child's birth is associated with increased risk of autism

true

Standard talk therapies not effective in treating CD and ODD

true

The childhood disorder involving separation anxiety and attentional deficits are most commonly reported

true

Intelligence tests and personality tests are

two general categories of psychological tests used in clinical practice.

P50 psychometric test

typical vs atypical antipsychotics

Anxiety disorders of childhood: a. tend to persist into adulthood b. show few cross-cultural differences c. are usually effectively treated with drugs d. typically do not lead to problems later in life

typically do not lead to problems later in life

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition: a. typically is during the early teenage years b. typically is during the mid-twenties c. typically is during the mid-thirties d. typically is during the mid-forties

typically is during the mid-twenties

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition

typically is during the mid-twenties.

According to psychoanalysts, what is the therapist's task when doing dream analysis?

uncover the disguised meanings of the manifest content

Ruth experienced a stroke that severely damaged her occipital lobe. We can expect that she has an impairment in her ability to

understand what she sees

Ruth experienced a stroke that severely damaged her occipital lobe. We can expect that she has an impairment in her ability to

understand what she sees.

Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of

understanding the present in terms of the past

Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of

understanding the present in terms of the past.

"Efforts that are aimed at influencing the general population" best describes

universal interventions.

What constricted mood of mother can produce learning factors for depression in infants?

unresponsive facial expressions and irritable behavior

traditional behavioral couples therapy

uses training in communication skills and problem solving to increase caring behaviors in couples.

Traditional behavioral couples therapy

uses training in communication skills and problems solving to increase caring behaviors in couples

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder: a. has a mild case of schizophrenia combined with signs of a mood disorder b. usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months c. is likely to take actions based on their delusions d. experiences a schizophrenia-like psychosis that lasts for less than a month

usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months

Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders? a. vague, confusing, and unclear communication b. physical abuse c. permissive parenting d. divorce

vague, confusing, and unclear communication

Researchers are now using _________ to help children with autism to improve on some of their social, cognitive, and emotional deficits.

video games

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia.

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that ________

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia.

For children with mild intellectual disabilities, the best approach to education is likely to be ________

well-planned mainstreaming in a regular school

We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder: a. are girls b. also suffer from depression, tic disorders, and other forms of psychopathology c. come from poverty-stricken environments d. were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 years old

were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 years old

We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder ________

were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 years old.

which statement about negative outcomes in psychotherapy is accurate?

when a sexual relationship occurs between therapist and patient, it is harmful to the patient

Under what circumstances is a structured interview most likely to be used?

when consistent information is needed for research purposes

under what circumstances can a therapist violate a client's confidence?

when someone is in danger

when is peer influence most powerful for high-risk teens?

when there is a lack of adult supervision

Cohesive family model-family-group-oriented approach

where ODD and CD are conceptualized as being reinforced and maintained in ineffective parenting practices

For which client is behavior therapy most likely to be effective?

wilson, whose complaint is fear of spiders

for which client is behavior therapy most likely to be effective?

wilson, whose complaint is premature ejaculation

Childhood depression symptoms include

withdrawal, crying, avoidance of eye contact, physical complaints, poor appetite, suicide, and sometimes aggressive behaviors

Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect

withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating.

First-generation antipsychotics ________

work by blocking dopamine receptors

First-generation antipsychotics: a. work by blocking dopamine receptors b. are not effective c. produce few side effects d. include Risperdal and Zyprexa

work by blocking dopamine receptors

First-generation antipsychotics

work by blocking dopamine receptors.

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD ________

work well for the short term but long-term effects are not well-known

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD ________

work well for the short term but long-term effects are not well-known.

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD: a. work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect b. work well for both the short- and long-term c. really don't work at all - what is seen is due to the placebo effect d. only work for children who have had the diagnosis at least two years

work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect

According to the book, the evidence suggests that medications for ADHD:

work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect.

medicine for ADHD

works well short term bu show little long term effects

discuss three principles used to identify insanity and how it is most commonly identified today

Person did knot know right from wrong , emphasis on thought process and establishing mental illness that caused behavior. Today identifying impulse control and understanding right from wrong is primary

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?

Personality may be altered by malnourishment.

Which of the following is likely a sign of disorganized schizophrenia? a. Dillon believes he is God, but will respond to any direction he is given. b. Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements. c. Kyle constantly is asking for a doctor as he is convinced that his stomach is going to explode. d. Trista fears for her life because the pictures on the wall have told her that she is not safe.

Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements.

What treatment approach is most likely to be employed by an HMO to treat an anxiety disorder?

Pharmacotherapy

Which of the following statements if true of phenothiazines

Phenothiazines can produce both anticholingeric and antiemetic effects

What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counseling?

Physicians and the clergy

longer than

Predators such as lions sleep ________ their prey, the gazelle

A Nobel Prize winning treatment for schizophrenia was ________

Prefrontal lobotomies.

A basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is ________

Problems can be solved using pragmatic techniques that change thinking and behavior.

Which type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state?

Psychiatrist

Discuss techniques used in psychodynamic therapy and what is the goal.

Psychodynamic therapy is essentially talk therapy designed to help identify unconscious thoughts or feelings that may be stemming from unresolved childhood issues and causing current disorders

What treatment of anxiety disorders is becoming more common?

Psychopharmacological

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means a. a tendency to be unpredictably violent. b. a significant loss of contact with reality. c. an inability to know right from wrong. d. an abrupt shift in personality from one pattern to another.

Dr. Lucas says to a client with anxiety disorders, "It is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionistic values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of your life."...

Rational emotive behavior

What is the essential feature for ODD?

Recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures that persist for at least 6 months

Atypical antipsychotics differ from other classes of antipsychotics because they:

Reduce the activity of serotonin more than the reduce the activity of dopamine

Childhood anxiety disorders are associated with which of the following factors?

Refusing to go to school

Childhood anxiety disorders are associated with which of the following factors? a. A deficit in conditionability to aversive stimuli. b. Maladaptive learning from an underprotective parent. c. Refusing to go to school. d. Parental substance abuse.

Refusing to go to school.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychopharmacology?

Relapse is likely when drugs use is terminated

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychopharmacology?

Relapse is likely when drugs use is terminated.

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?

Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run.

How commonly are medications and therapy combined today?

Research suggests that many of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication.

35. How commonly are medications and therapy combined today?

Research suggests that over half of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication.

The text reported the case of a three-year old autistic boy who was reinforced initially for picking up eyeglass frames, then for holding them, then for carrying them around, and then for putting the frames on his head. This is an example of

Response shaping

Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have?

Schizoid

One of the main causes of psychosis is ________

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is best described as a a. genetically influenced single gene disorder. b. genetically influenced multiple gene disorder. c. genetically determined single gene disorder. d. genetically determined multiple gene disorder.

Schizophrenia occurs in about ________ of the general population. a. 1 out of 1,000 b. 1 out of 100 c. 1 out of 10 d. 1 out of 10,000

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform disorder

After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

Secondary functional enuresis

Characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from major attachment figures, such as mothers, and from familiar home surroundings.

Separation anxiety disorder

Children with this disorder often lack self-confidence, are apprehensive in new situations, and tend to be immature for their age.

Separation anxiety disorder

Alex has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her doctor, Dr Paris prescribed her with a phenothiazine antipsychotic

She will demonstrate less behavioral activity

Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-5 under elimination disorders?

Sleepwalking disorder

At Rush General, the inpatient mental ward employs a program that focuses on modifying behavior of the patients by giving them gold stars for good behavior and ignoring undesirable behavior.

Social learning

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia a. has been very successful in reducing symptoms. b. tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living. c. tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital. d. tries to help cure people of schizophrenia.

Discuss three different ways that the success if therapy can be assed and what factors complicate

Some form of reported measurable change can be obtained from the client , family , test scores . Sources may be biased and some people just get better over time

Which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenia? a. Bill was convinced that his mother was inserting evil thoughts into his mind. b. Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head. c. Ned believed he was Elvis. d. Rachel would frequently see her husband, even though he had been dead for several years.

Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head.

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a a. thought broadcasting delusion. b. delusion of reference. c. made feelings delusion. d.thought insertion delusion.

One of the goals of ________ is changing the organization of the family such that the family members behave more supportively toward each other.

Structural family therapy

Which of the following is characteristic of someone with Down syndrome?

Stubby fingers with a curved little finger

Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders? a. Vague, confusing, and unclear communication b. Physical abuse c. Permissive parenting d. Divorce

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found a. little evidence of increased concordance with increased gene-sharing. b. such strong correspondence between gene-sharing and diagnosis that environmental factors have been ruled out. c. strong correspondence between gene-sharing and diagnosis but only for males. d. that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder.

Studies of monochorionic and dichorionic twins a. offer further evidence of the role of the prenatal environment in schizophrenia. b. suggest that schizophrenia is more heritable than previously thought. c. indicate that the risk of developing schizophrenia is not altered by the prenatal environment. d. establish that genetic relatedness to an affected individual has nothing to do with one's risk of developing schizophrenia.

Studies of the offspring of nonschizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggest that a. environmental factors play a more important role than genetic factors in the origin of schizophrenia. b. genetic factors cause schizophrenia, while environmental factors are essentially unimportant. c. a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors. d. the heritability of schizophrenia involves the transmission of a single dominant gene.

Studies on neurocognition have found that people with schizophrenia a. are unable to pay attention on demand b. can't control their thoughts from jumping from topic to topic. c. have abnormal neurochemical changes in response to negative thoughts. d. get too focused on one thing and tune out the rest of the real world.

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?

Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain

Which of the activities does NIMH perform?

Support professional training and provide public with info on mental health

Which of the following has the best chance of successfully pleading not guilty by reason of insanity?

Susie, who has schizophrenia, has been in and out of hospitals all her life, who tried to break the arm of a romantic rival

Which of the following has the best chance of successfully pleading not guilty by reason of insanity?

Susie, who has schizophrenia, has been in and out of hospitals all her life, who tried to break the arm of a romantic rival.

Chrissy and her therapist wrote a list of ten scenes involving Chrissy's fear of flying. Chrissy's therapist told her to imagine herself in the least frightening scene while she made herself feel relaxed. Chrissy was undergoing

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following is a form of behavior therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

Systematic desensitization

When it comes to cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate?

Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning sleepwalking disorder? a. If a child has one episode of sleepwalking, he or she is likely to have repeated episodes. b. Takes place during non-REM sleep. c. Awakening an individual who is sleepwalking will result in severe physiological stress for the person. d. While moving about, sleepwalkers' eyes are closed so they are in constant danger of injuring themselves.

Takes place during non-REM sleep.

Self-stimulation in autism

Takes the form of repetitive movements as head banging, spinning, and rocking, which may continue by the hour

David, a patient with schizophrenia, has been undergoing antipsychotic treatment for many years now

Tardive dyskinesia

The conventional antipsychotic drugs had a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement

Tardive dyskinesia

Which is NOT a problem with benzodiazepines?

Tardive dyskinesia

____________ is not a problem associated with the benzodiazepines.

Tardive dyskinesia

____________________ is not a problem associated with the benzodiazepines.

Tardive dyskinesia

The Danish adoption studies have been criticized for a. not treating the subjects found to have schizophrenia. b. not assessing the child-rearing environments of the index and control groups. c. only studying males. d.not confirming the family history of the subjects.

Which of the following funds research on mental disorders and assists communities in establishing effective mental health services?

The National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH)

suprachiasmatic nucleus

The ________ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?

The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

Which of the following statements is true of atypical antipsychotic drugs?

The atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with metabolic disturbances such as weight gain, elevated triglycerides, and the development of diabetes mellitus

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is a. how much impairment the person suffers. b. how severe the person's positive symptoms are. c. how severe the person's negative symptoms are. d. how much therapy the person gets.

Which of the following classes of antipsychotic medications produces the highest incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

The butyrophenones

Which of the following statements is true of butyrophenones ?

The butyrophenones differed chemically from phenothiazines but produce the same type of antipsychotics effects

Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients..

The cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings

Which statement about separation anxiety disorder is accurate?

The child with separation anxiety is likely to be immature and lack self-confidence

Which statement about separation anxiety disorder is accurate? a. Children who have the disorder commonly develop antisocial personality disorder as adults. b. The child with separation anxiety is likely to be immature and lack self-confidence. c. The disorder is equally common in boys and girls. d. It is a severe but extremely rare form of childhood anxiety disorder.

The child with separation anxiety is likely to be immature and lack self-confidence.

Dr. Clark is making notes about a client. Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance?

The client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father

Sexual variants illustrate a theme in abnormal psychology better than any other category of disorder. Which theme?

The difficulty in defining the boundaries of normal and abnormal

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

The duration of symptoms

What doctrine came out of the original Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California et al. case?

The duty to warn

Which of the following statements about antipsychotic medications is true?

The earlier patients receive these medications, the better they tend to do over the longer term.

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that a. we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia. b. being a monozygotic twin is a risk factor for schizophrenia. c. genetic influences are even more important than previously thought. d. monozygotic twins have a form of genetic schizophrenia while dizygotic twins have an environmentally caused form.

The use of lithium in the U.S. was delayed due to

The fact that is could not be patented

One reason the use of lithium in the United States was delayed as a treatment for bipolar disorder was due to ________

The fact that it could not be patented.

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that a. genes do not play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia. b. anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia. c. environmental factors are more important than genetic factors when it comes to determining who is likely to develop schizophrenia. d. the results of twin studies reflect the impact of a shared prenatal environment, not shared genes.

The first-generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that a. patients report they feel better right away, although there isn't any actual clinical changes occurring. b. changes in symptoms occur without any side effects. c. changes in symptoms begin to occur weeks after starting to take the medications, rather than immediately. d. changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought.

REM myth

The idea that people deprived of REM sleep will become paranoid and seem to be mentally ill is known as the

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder a. has a mild case of schizophrenia combined with signs of a mood disorder. b. usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months. c. is likely to take actions based on their delusions. d. experiences a schizophrenia-like psychosis that lasts for less than a month.

Which of the following is a barrier to effective deinstitutionalization?

The lack of sufficient mental health services in the community

Which of the following is an advantage of using Beck's cognitive treatment for depression, as compared to drugs?

The likelihood of relapse is decreased.

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in a. late adulthood or old age. b. late adolescence or early adulthood. c. late childhood or early adolescence. d. there is no age where the majority of cases begin.

Which of the following statements about early-onset conduct disorder is true? a. Later problems are not likely. b. Most will develop antisocial personality disorder. c. The majority will continue to have, at minimum, social dysfunction as adults. d. Environmental factors predict whether or not the disorder persists.

The majority will continue to have, at minimum, social dysfunction as adults.

freud

The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by

What was the greatest problem that emerged as a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children

What was the greatest problem that emerged as a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed? a. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children. b. Few childhood disorders had been identified. c. The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized. d. There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders as parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given.

The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.

What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.

The term "demence precoce" was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain the a. lack of brain damage that characterizes the brain of most schizophrenics. b. effectiveness of psychological treatments for schizophrenia. c. transient nature of most schizophrenias. d. difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age.

Which of the following people with schizophrenia is likely to have the best prognosis?

The woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why?

Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

Why are the SSRIs the most commonly used antidepressants today?

Their side effects are more tolerable than those of the first generation antidepressants.

There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because a. there is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine. b. there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine. c. the is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have used too many drugs. d. there is only one type of dopamine receptor.

What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available?

There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective

What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available?

There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective.

An analysis of psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy found that ________

There is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder.

All of the following are challenges of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy EXCEPT

There is little variation between different types of therapy.

Which person described below is the "typical" client in psychotherapy?

There is no "typical" client

What is a negative aspect of using stimulant medications for ADHD treatment?

These medications are sometimes used recreationally by both patients and non-patients.

What do the National Association for Mental Health, the National Association for Retarded Citizens, and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) have in common?

They all try to improve services and educate the government and public about various problems.

Which of the following is true about second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?

They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Which of the following is true about second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?

They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics.

Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?

They are quite common.

What do lithium carbonate, carbamazepine (Tegretol), and valproate (Depakote) have in common?

They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

why are cognitive disorders included in abnormal psychology

They can cause symptoms similar to other mental disorders and brain damage can cause significant damage in behavior mood and personality

Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists' ratings may be unreliable is because ________

They cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings.

What are the special vulnerabilities in young children that contribute to the development of psychological problems

They do not have a realistic understanding of themselves or the world around them. Children are also very dependent on others to care for them and are susceptible to the effects of living in an unstable environment

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre/post-test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is that ________

They increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment.

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?

They lack social understanding

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children? a. They have no emotions. b. They lack social understanding. c. Neurological impairment - they can feel but not show emotions. d. Immaturity - they will show more as they get older.

They lack social understanding.

Identify an accurate statement about thiothixene

Thiothixene generally causes less sedation than chlorpromazine

Identify a difference between the drugs thiothixene and chloropromazine

Thiothixene generally causes less sedation than chlorpromazine does

What is the goal of school-based drug and alcohol education programs?

To teach children about drugs so that they can make informed choices

Orlando, 14, frequently twists his head uncontrollably and yelps or grunts. If he has not done this for several hours, he has a sensation that can only be relieved by engaging in these movements and sounds. Orlando has had this problem since he was 8. The most likely diagnosis is ________

Tourette's syndrome

A son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that _______ is occurring

Transference

What do the medications used to treat mental illnesses do?

Treat the symptoms of the illness with biochemical changes

According to the book, autism is one of the most strongly genetically-based disorders in DSM.

True

Studies show that boys with ADHD who have serious behavior problems have a high risk social and occupational problems later in life.

True

According to psychoanalysts, what is the therapist's task when doing dream analysis?

Uncover the disguised meanings of the manifest content.

In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?

United States

Ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which area would probably be underactive? a. The visual cortex b. The deepest portions of the brain, the medulla and reticular activating system c. The frontal lobes d. The hypothalamus and pituitary

Today, neurosurgery for psychological disorders is ________

Used as a last resort and involves the destruction of only tiny areas of the brain.

Vague, confusing, and unclear communication

Virginia exhibits a variety of schizophrenic symptoms including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. She has been symptomatic for a little more than a month. Virginia qualifies for a diagnosis of a. paranoid schizophrenia. b. schizoaffective disorder, manic type. c. undifferentiated schizophrenia. d. schizophreniform disorder.

Because much of Donald's depression is a result of his lack of a healthy sexual relationship with his wife, Dr. Jones figured that the best drug to treat him would be

Welbutrin

What are endophenotypes? a. Abnormally shaped cells in the brain b. Neurotransmitters that are slightly different in chemical composition than normal c. Measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that might be important in schizophrenia d. Specific chromosomes that are thought to be important in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia

What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia? a. Being an identical twin b. Being raised in an isolated rural area c. Being a recent immigrant d. Living alone

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? a. The presence of delusions and hallucinations b. The age of the person when they develop the disorder c. The degree of emotional instability and disconnection from other people d. The duration of symptoms

What type of hallucinations are the most common? a. Auditory b. Tactile c. Visual d. Gustatory

When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was a. a division of personality within the person. b. a divergence between the person's chronological age and his or her intellectual performance. c. an inability to make an intimate connection with other people. d. a break with reality.

more complex; simple

When a person is slightly sleep deprived, ________ tasks will suffer less than _______ tasks

Which statement about negative outcomes in psychotherapy is accurate?

When a sexual relationship occurs between therapist and patient, it is harmful to the patient.

When adoption studies of schizophrenia contain all the necessary controls and measurements, a. the role of genes is found to be negligible. b. index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects. c. the environment is found to be a more important determinant of psychological health than family history. d. no significant effects are seen.

Under what circumstances might the use of medications prior to psychotherapy be essential?

When the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible

Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia? a. Jake, who shows bizarre behavior, delusions, and disordered speech but has normal emotions. b. Lincoln, whose schizophrenia involves a chronic pattern of wild excitement followed by muteness and immobility. c. Constance, whose speech is incoherent and filled with invented words but whose emotions are inconsistent and inappropriate for the situation. d. Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief.

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia? a. Undifferentiated schizophrenia b. Schizoaffective disorder c. Delusional disorder d. Schizophreniform disorder

Huntington's Disease

Which of the following disorders affects men and women in equal numbers and is characterized by a chronic, progressive chorea (involuntary and irregular movements that flow randomly from one area of the body to another)? - Huntington's disease - AIDS - Alzheimer's disease - Parkinson's disease

Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia? a. Prenatal alcohol exposure. b. Prenatal influenza exposure. c. Alcohol use during middle adulthood. d. Influenza exposure between ages 5 and 10.

it is when 90 percent of dreams occur

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep? -It is a much deeper, more restful kind of sleep than non-REM sleep. -It is the stage of sleep in which the heart beats the slowest. -It involves a lot of movement and thrashing as people have vivid dreams -It is when 90 percent of dreams occur

Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia? a. Parietal lobe b. Occipital lobe c. Hippocampus d. Hypothalamus

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life? a. The flu virus may lie dormant in the brain until adolescence when it becomes active and initiates the degeneration that results in the symptoms of schizophrenia. b. The flu exposure may alter the fetal genes such that a susceptibility to schizophrenia is now part of the child's genetic makeup. c. Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life. d. The flu virus frequently has long-term effects on the behavior of affected individuals; maternal infection with influenza may result in an environment that is likely to trigger schizophrenia in the susceptible individual.

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom? a. Hallucinations b. Emotional unresponsiveness c. Emotional turmoil d. Delusions

Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia? a. Have delusions of reference b. Exhibit primarily negative symptoms c. Show more significant cognitive impairments than are seen in the other subtypes d. Respond poorly to treatment

Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? a. A person who came from New Guinea b. Someone who was physically abused as a child c. A person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born d. Someone who has a history of depression

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia? a. The teen who has been in a catatonic state for several days b. The woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy c. The man who shows little emotion,and who makes no sense when he speaks d. The mother of three who first showed signs of schizophrenia in her teens and now is unable to care for herself or her children.

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5? a. Schizophrenia will not be included in the DSM-5 b. Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain c. Only the paranoid subtype remains d. Only the catatonic subtype remains

Which of the following statements most clearly summarizes our understanding of schizophrenia? a. The relative influence of nature and nurture has been established. b. While much is known about the causes of schizophrenia, there are many questions still to be answered. c. The role of genes in schizophrenia is negligible. d. Schizophrenia is primarily caused by expressed emotion in families.

nicotine

Which of the following was actually used as an insecticide in the 1920s and 1930s?

the person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more

Which statement about sleep apnea is TRUE? -there is no effective treatment for it. -The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more. -It causes SIDS. -It causes a person to slip suddenly into REM sleep during the day.

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits? a. Cognitive remediation training b. Social skills training c. Case management d. Family therapy

In studies looking at the effectiveness of treatment for ADHD, what was found? a. While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy, behavioral methods have been quite successful short-term. b. While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy, the therapy appears to be the more effective element of the treatment. c. The use of medications interferes with the effectiveness of behavioral approaches. d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than behavioral modification.

While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy, behavioral methods have been quite successful short-term.

While much is known about the causes of schizophrenia, there are many questions still to be answered.

For which client is behavior therapy most likely to be effective?

Wilson, whose complaint is premature ejaculation.

methamphetamines

______ are used to treat narcolepsy

MDMA

______ causes dehydration and a rise in body temperature

. A valid test a. measures what it is designed to measure. b. yields consistent results. c. is standardized. d. rarely is reliable.

. Dr. Vera says, "It may only provide a limited view of a person's problems, but it is important for planning appropriate treatment. Administratively, it is essential so that a facility can know what kinds of problems clients need help with. Even if we don't want to do it, insurance claims require it." What is Dr. Vera is referring to? a. Formal diagnosis b. Screening activities c. Taking a personal history d. Assessment

. Psychological assessment refers to the a. procedures used to summarize a client's problem. b. process used to arrive at a diagnosis. c. development of a treatment plan. d. determination of how environmental factors impact the course of a disorder.

. The basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is a. problems develop because people view themselves and their world in biased ways. b. abnormal behavior is learned like normal behavior and can be unlearned. c. people have the freedom and responsibility to control their own lives. d. only observable behaviors can really be changed.

A crucial aspect for those in the field of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation __________. a. in the context of normal developmental changes b. as a phenomenon that is no different in children than in adults c. in a cultural context that determines what is acceptable behavior d. as a disease process

A key feature of the MMPI-2 is that a. the clinical scales measure the same properties of personality organization as they always have. b. the validity scales have been discarded. c. it has merged the adult and adolescent forms into one. d. it now includes open-ended questions to examine cognitive distortions.

A protective factor is a. an influence that modifies a person's response to environmental stressors. b. an influence that modifies a person's response to genetic problems. c. a distal causal factor for a mental disorder. d. a biological makeup that makes people more resistant to stress.

An evolutionary psychologist might say, "The unique physiological response in this disorder, involving fainting at the sight of the feared object, may have evolved because fainting might inhibit further attack from a predator." What disorder is being discussed? a. blood-injection-injury phobia b. agoraphobia with panic attacks c. social phobia d. animal phobia

Andrea and her parents are shy and quiet. Her parents never take Andrea to any activities where there are many people. They buy her books and crafts that she can do by herself. This shows a. an evocative effect of genotype on environment. b. a passive effect of genotype on environment. c. an active effect of genotype on environment. d. a lack of genotype-environment correlation.

Computers are excellent devices for storing information on large numbers of people's characteristics and test score patterns. Whenever a person turns up with a specific test score pattern, the computer can print out an appropriate description. This illustrates a. actuarial procedures. b. content interpretation. c. rational analysis. d. factor analysis.

Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is believed to be __________. a. both genetic and social-environmental factors b. an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives c. excessive sugar in the diet d. a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling

Dr. Kim is a psychologist who uses a number of tests to measure a person's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance to detect brain damage. Dr. Kim is probably a specialist in using a. neuropsychological assessment. b. functional magnetic resonance imaging. c. computerized axial tomography. d. functional electroencephalograms.

Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to __________, although the mechanism is unclear. a. decrease the deepest stage of sleep b. increase water retention c. inhibit reflexive bladder emptying d. alleviate the anxiety that leads to poor bladder control

In the diathesis-stress model, a diathesis is a. a distal necessary or contributory cause of a mental disorder. b. a sufficient cause that is distal from the onset of symptoms. c. a necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms. d. a biological vulnerability that virtually guarantees the development of the disorder.

James began having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly. As they became more frequent, he began to fear going into public situations where they might occur. Now he is unable to leave his apartment and has others go out to shop for him. What is unusual about this case? a. It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man. b. It is unusual for panic attacks to begin after a stressful life event. c. It is unusual for fear of panic attacks to lead to agoraphobia. d. There is nothing unusual about this case.

Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine when talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kayla's most likely diagnosis is a. social phobia. b. specific phobia, situational type. c. agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. d. generalized social phobia.

Most individuals diagnosed with social phobia a. can identify the origin of their social phobia. b. have no other anxiety or mood disorders. c. are men. d. abuse alcohol.

Neuroticism a. is a tendency to experience negative mood states. b. is simply another term for anxiety. c. is a tendency to believe negative things about oneself. d. is a tendency to feel anxious.

One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that it __________. a. increases alertness b. interferes with glutamate activity c. increases aggressiveness d. quiets the voices

Studies looking at whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants have shown that __________. a. depression in either the mother or the father can be transmitted to the next generation b. fathers tend to blame themselves when children are depressed, but mothers blame the children c. both mothers and fathers engage in impulsive, antisocial behaviors that children mimic d. depressed mothers are overly responsive to their infants' facial expressions

Studies of preparedness and social phobia a. find that angry faces act as fear-relevant stimuli. b. reveal that an explicit perception of threat is necessary to evoke a sympathetic response. c. do not provide justification for the seemingly irrational nature of social phobia. d. provide an explanation for why such a maladaptive behavioral response persists.

The MMPI is a. a structured approach to personality assessment. b. the most commonly used test of intelligence. c. a rating scale used to determine how comparable one is to individuals with various psychiatric diagnoses. d. a recently developed objective approach to personality assessment.

The process of assigning causes to things that happen is called a. attribution. b. internal reinforcement. c. schema therapy. d. cognition.

To summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness, we can say that a. the chances of an average client benefiting significantly are impressive. b. for disorders that have a brief duration, treatment provides no obvious benefit. c. degree of improvement and number of therapy sessions are unrelated. d. all therapy outcomes are positive or neutral, none are negative.

What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available? a. There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective. b. Psychiatrists are hesitant to write prescriptions for many drugs. c. The increased use of nurses as therapy providers has increased the use of drugs in many community health settings. d. Many popular therapies have been found to do more harm than good.

What type of prevalence data only counts active cases of a disorder? a. Point prevalence b. One-year prevalence c. Lifetime prevalence d. All prevalence data count both those who have the disorder and those who have recovered.

Which brain structure is recognized as playing a central role in panic attacks? a. Amygdala b. Cerebellum c. Hippocampus d. Locus coeruleus

Which of the following are the antidepressants most widely prescribed today for the treatment of panic disorder? a. SSRIs b. Tricyclics c. Anxiolytics d. Benzodiazepines

Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits that those with GAD commonly believe they derive from worrying? a. If I worry about it now, I won't be as upset when it happens. b. If I worry about it, it is less likely to happen. c. If I worry about it, I won't have to think about other things that are even worse. d. If I worry about it, I'll be more prepared when it does happen.

Which of the following is a projective testing method that has been adapted for computer interpretation? a. The Rorschach Test b. The MMPI c. The Thematic Apperception Test d. The sentence completion test

________ rates may be reported in terms of the lifetime risk of contracting a particular disorder. a. Prevalence b. Point prevalence c. Point incidence d. Incidence

________ therapies developed in reaction to problems of alienation, loneliness, and failure to find meaning in life. a. Humanistic-experiential b. Cognitive c. Object relations d. Family

ndividuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Which of the following is likely to be the most motivated? a. Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis. b. Jennifer, who was referred by the court to undergo therapy because of a drunk driving charge. c. Marvin, whose wife has said she will divorce him unless he gets treatment for his compulsive gambling. d. Barry, who is sure he has a heart condition but whose cardiologist suggests he needs psychotherapy to cope with stress better.

PKU

a baby appears normal at birth but lacks a liver enzyme needed to break down an amino acid found in many foods and results in mental retardation

When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was: a. a division of personality within the person b. a divergence between the person's chronological age and his or her intellectual performance c. an inability to make an intimate connection with other people d. a break with reality

a break with reality

When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was

a break with reality.

a learning disability is usually identified because

a child shows a disparity between his actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement

How does the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differ from that of adults?

a child's behavior is not considered abnormal without determining whether the behavior is appropriate for the child's age

Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," referred to ________

a group of conditions that all seemed to feature mental deterioration beginning early in life.

About half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time.

a mood disorder

Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

a person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born

Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? a. a person who came from New Guinea b. someone who was physically abused as a child c. a person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born d. someone who has a history of depression

a person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born

which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT?

a pregnant and depressed 25 year old

The outcome of psychotherapy is usually dependent on whether the therapist and client achieve

a productive working alliance

Lithium was once used ________

a salt substitute

***psychotherapy is best viewed as***

a set of tools

Psychotherapy is best viewed as

a set of tools.

Psychotherapy is best viewed as ________

a set of tools.

Autism is

a severe and puzzling disorder

Autism is: a. a severe and puzzling disorder b. diagnosed based on socioeconomic status c. a severe form of conduct disorder d. an extreme tic disorder

a severe and puzzling disorder

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means: a. a tendency to be unpredictably violent b. a significant loss of contact with reality c. an inability to know right from wrong d. an abrupt shift in personality from one pattern to another

a significant loss of contact with reality

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means

a significant loss of contact with reality.

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means ________

a significant loss of contact with reality.

Dennis has disorganized type of schizophrenia. He has lived in an institution for years. He rarely shows any attempt at socializing. A new program is started - every time Dennis speaks to another person he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the red papers to get cigarettes or extra privileges. This new program is

a token economy.

a token economy is

a type of contingency management

What is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatments?

a wait list

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