Ch 13 - Agricultural Regions

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commodity chain

A chain of activities from the manufacturing to the distribution of a product

neocolonialism

A postcolonial system that perpetuates Western economic exploitation in former colonial territories.

market gardening

farming devoted to specialized fruit, vegetable, or vine crops for sale rather than consumption; growing vegetables or flowers for market

subsistence agriculture

farming in which food is produced by a family just for its own needs

monoculture

farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year

intensive farming

farming that requires a lot of labor to produce food

feed lots

fixed areas for cattle to graze in to fatten up for slaughter

dairy

food made from milk

extensive farming

large farms which are highly mechanized; large land, minimal labor per hectare, low yield, low pop density

transhumance

seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas

Mediterranean agriculture

specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails; mostly horticulture

infrastructure

the basic framework of a building or a system

milk shed

the circle around a dairy farm in which its products can be sold without spoiling; area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

pastoral nomadism

the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year; form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals

horticulture

the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

ranching

the practice of raising domesticated livestock for meat, leather, wool, and other products; a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

cool chains

the refrigeration and transport technologies that allow for the distribution of perishables

double-cropping

to grow two or more crops on the same land in the same season or at the same time

fair trade movement

trade regulated by international agreements outlawing unfair business practices; products are made with standards to protect workers and small businesses

winter wheat

wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

spring wheat

wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

suitcase farm

when someone owns and operates a farm, but lives somewhere else; usually a crops only farm

shifting cultivation

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields they cultivate

subsidy

a government payment that supports a business or market; monetary assistance to encourage or protect a certain economic activity

supply chain

a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service

intercropping

a soil conservation method in which two or more crops are planted in one field

plantation

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas); enslaved people or hired workers used to grow and harvest crops

truck farming

commercial gardening and fruit farming in the United States

agribusiness

corporate farming; agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.

luxury crops

crops that are considered nonessential but are enjoyed by those with means to purchase them - cocao, coffee, tea, tobacco


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