ch. 13 & ch. 14

In this diagram, which layer is the thickest protective covering?

I

Christopher Reeve, a famous actor and competitive equestrian, suffered fractures to the top two vertebra and could not breathe without the help of a respirator. Which of the nerves in this diagram were likely damaged?

a

Which of the following lists the connective tissue coverings of the axons, fascicles, and entire nerve in the correct order? a) Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium b) Endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium c) Perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium d) Epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium

a) Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

The autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling what effectors? Select all that apply. a) Exocrine glands b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Smooth muscle e) Endocrine glands

a, c, d, e

Interoceptors can detect what sensation? Select all that apply. a) Blood gas levels b) Stretch of organ walls c) Grilled steak aroma d) Taste of chocolate e) Pain in visceral organs

a,b,e

________ is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6. a. Autonomic dysreflexia b. Diabetic neuropathy c. Raynaud's phenomenon

a. Autonomic dysreflexia

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus? a. Diabetic neuropathy b. Raynaud's phenomenon c. Autonomic dysreflexia

a. Diabetic neuropathy

Which spinal meninges is composed of collagen fibers arranged in an irregular pattern that is very strong? a. Dura mater b. Epineurium c. Arachnoid mater d. Pia mater

a. Dura mater

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation? a. Receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector b. Receptor - motor neuron - integrating center - sensory neuron - effector c. Receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector - integrating center

a. Receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector

The largest nerve in the lumbar plexus is the [ ________ ]. a. femoral nerve b. sciatic nerve c. tibial nerve

a. femoral nerve

Autonomic tone is regulated by the a. hypothalamus. b. cerebellum c. medulla oblongata

a. hypothalamus

An individual suffers a stroke and loses control over their left arm. The individual is affected with ________ paralysis. a. monoplegia b. hemiplegia c. paraplegia

a. monoplegia

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are a. norepinephrine and acetylcholine. b. noradrenaline and adrenaline. c. norepinephrine and dopamine.

a. norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed ________ innervation. a. reciprocal b. ipsilateral c. intersegmental

a. reciprocal

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would involve the posterior root ganglion? a. Sensory neuron b. Motor neuron c. Interneuron

a. sensory neuron

A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1

b. 2

Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons? a. Renal ganglion b. Celiac ganglion c. Superior cervical ganglion

b. Celiac ganglion

Which layer of protective connective tissue covers a nerve and fuses with the outer menix layer? a. Endoneurium b. Epineurium c. Perineurium

b. Epineurium

Which structure listed contains cerebrospinal fluid? a. Foramen magnum b. Subarachnoid space c. Subdural space d. Epidural space

b. Subarachnoid space

Sensory information travels to the brain via a. integration tracts b. ascending tracts c. descending tracts

b. ascending tracts

The spinal cord ends a. at S5 b. between L1 and L2 c. at T12

b. between L1 and L2

Beta blockers are used to a. prevent a decrease in heart rate b. prevent an increase in heart rate c. dilate pupils

b. prevent an increase in heart rate

Which of the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS? a. Cerebellulum b. Thalamus c. Hypothalamus

c. Hypothalamus

Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk? a. Meningeal branch b. Rami communicantes c. Posterior ramus

c. posterior ramus

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through a. facial (VII) nerve b. pelvic splanchnic nerve c. oculomotor (III) nerve d. vagus (X) nerve

d. vagus (X) nerve

In this diagram which structure is the conus medullaris?

e

In this diagram, where is the space that contains a buoyant liquid to form a hydraulic cushion that absorbs shock?

e

In this diagram, where is the space that contains interstitial fluid?

f.