CH 13 module

Which of the following directs voluntary movements by initiating impulses in somatic motor neurons?

Primary motor cortex

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a proprioceptor? Muscle spindle Ruffini corpuscle Golgi tendon organs Joint capsule receptors

Ruffini corpuscle

Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance

Vestibulocochlear

Analyzing, comprehending, and recognizing language is associated with which specific area of the cerebrum?

Wernicks's area

Ataxia is a term used to describe________.

a disturbance in muscular coordination due to a damage to cerebellum

David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?

amygdaloid body

Somatic motor pathways always involve __________.

an upper and lower motor neuron

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the __________.

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Which of the meningeal membranes creates a space outside the brain where cerebrospinal fluid circulates?

arachnoid matter

White matter in the cerebellum is called the __________ because it resembles a tree.

arbor vitae

The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing __________.

cerebellar motor patterns

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.

diencephalon

Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the venous circulation by __________.

diffusion across the arachnoid villi

The limbic system is responsible for __________.

establishing emotional states

A patient complains that he/she has lost the ability to taste sweets. Which cranial nerve is damaged?

facial

The posterior column pathways carry the sensation of __________.

fine touch

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

fine tuning muscle movements

What is the term for the branching end of a dendrite that is NOT protected by accessory structures?

free nerve ending

The posterior column pathway receives sensations associated with which of the following?

highly localized fine touch, pressure, vibration, and position

The sea horse-like structure in the limbic system that is responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the __________.

hippocampus

What is the area of the limbic system associated with learning, storage, and retrieval of new and long-term memories?

hippocampus

During an infection body temperature rises. The area of the diencephalon responsible for adjusting the body's temperature is the _________.

hypothalamus

Monitoring and regulating the blood osmotic environment is controlled by the __________.

hypothalamus

As a result of playing soccer out in the heat and not drinking enough water, the body will dehydrate. The kidneys will adjust the blood volume to conserve water by lowering the urine output. This is accomplished as a result of the ______ synthesizing and later releasing _________.

hypothalamus, ADH

Have you ever noticed how we humans turn our head in response to a loud noise? What part of the midbrain is involved in bringing about this response to the loud noise?

inferior colliculi

You are standing at a crowded subway station in NYC. You hear a loud noise and suddenly get startled and turn your head toward the direction the loud noise. Which structure is controlling this behavior and movement?

inferior colliculi

Why is damage to the medulla potentially so harmful despite the fact that the medulla is the lowest part of the brainstem?

it contains vital autonomic reflex centers

Which part of the brain is known as the "Motivational System"?

limbic system

The area where the two optic nerves cross over is known as the __________.

optic chiasma

The receptors that provide information about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus are called __________.

phasic receptors

Which of the meninges is adhered to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?

pia matter

Which of the following is not a function of the medulla oblongata? Receiving and interpreting visual stimuli Setting the basic rate for respiratory movements Regulating heart rate and force of contraction Linking the brain with the spinal cord

receiving and interpreting visual stimuli

the reticulospinal tract is involved with __________.

regulation of involuntary reflex activity and autonomic functions

____________ is a collection of clusters of neurons responsible for consciousness.

reticular activating system

Based on hemispheric lateralization, which side of the brain is predominantly responsible for analyzing sensory information?

right

Damage to cranial nerve I leads to loss of which sensation

smell

Which pathway is responsible for passing along the sensations of crude touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?

spinothalamic pathway

You are attending the Indi 500 and as cars pass you by, your eyes and head follow the race cars. Which structure is controlling this movement?

superior collicoli

Which dural folds covers and separates cerebellum from the cerebrum?

tentorium cerebelli

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the __________.

thalamus

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? Mesencephalon Thalamus Pons Medulla oblongata

thalamus

Which of the following provide(s) mechanical protection for the brain by cradling it?

the bones of the skull

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones __________.

ADH and oxytocin

Which type of sensory receptor detects pressure changes in an organ?

Baroreceptors

Which part of the brain is affected by Parkinson's disease?

Basal nuclei

What are the components that make up the cerebellar gray matter?

Cerebellar cortex and nuclei

What is the first thing that must happen for sensory information to be received by the central nervous system?

Depolarization or hyperpolarization of a receptor

Which cerebral lobes are the most anterior?

Frontal lobes

Deviation of tongue indicates damage to which cranial nerve?

Hypoglossal

Which of the tactile receptors is stimulated by deep or heavy pressure?

Lamellar corpuscles

What spinal pathway carries impulses generated by nociceptors?

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

Maintaining muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns

What is the sequence of the structures that make up the brain stem going from the diencephalon to the spinal cord?

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

The cranial nerve that contains sensory neurons from the sense organs of the internal ear connects to which part or parts of the brain?

Pons and medulla oblongata

At a summer party, one of your friends throws a water balloon at your head. Which motor pathway carries the stimulus that lets you reflexively move your head and neck so you don't get hit?

Tectospinal pathway

What are the structures in the medulla that relay sensory information to the thalamus?

The gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus

Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?

The pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers.

After suffering a stroke, the patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him and write messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain was affected by the stroke?

The speech center or Broca's area

What is the function of the thalamus?

To filter and pass along sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex

Damage to the medial geniculate body of the thalamus would interfere with the functions of which sense?

auditory

The background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities are controlled by the __________.

basal nuclei

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.

basal nuclei

The white matter of the cerebrum is found __________.

beneath the neural cortex and around the cerebral nuclei

Assume that as you are taking this practice exam, you are concentrating and giving it your full attention. If you were connected to an EEG at this moment, what type of brain waves would it record?

beta waves

Neural tissue in the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the general circulation by the __________.

blood-brain barrier

The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.

brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord

An individual with a damaged visual association area __________.

can see letters clearly but cannot recognize or interpret them

The center of somatic motor control, which coordinates complex motor patterns, is the __________.

cerebellum

The center of somatic motor control that plans and initiates voluntary motor activity is the __________.

cerebral cortex

Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the removal of waste products from the CSF occurs in the __________.

choroid plexus

The somatic motor association area is responsible for the __________.

coordination of learned motor responses

Very large amplitude, low frequency waves are characteristics of what type of brain waves?

delta waves

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.

medulla oblongata

Which part of the brain contains many of the reflex centers that allow the complex visceral reflexes?

medulla oblongata

Which part of the brainstem has a control center that sets the basic pace or rhythm of breathing?

medulla oblongata

The gray matter in substantia nigra appears black due the presence of ________.

melanin

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder that affects __________.

motor neurons and their associated skeletal muscles

The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of __________.

the number of neurons and the complex interconnections among the neurons

What type of brain waves are most often observed in children?

theta waves

The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from __________________________.

touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature receptors

Stimulation of which cranial nerve will reduce heart rate?

vagus

The motor tracts in the spinal cord controlling subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone are the __________.

vestibulospinal tracts

Damage to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus would interfere with the functions of which sense

vision