CH 15-16 Earth Science

A cutoff meandering stream results in the formation of

A an oxbow lake

Watersheds are defined by

A drainage divides

A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific place is called __________

A hydrograph

Which of the following occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in alignment (i.e., in opposition or conjunction)?

A maximum tidal ranges occur

The length if the individual channels in a dendritic drainage pattern is ______ and this increases energy ________

A minimized; efficency

About 2% of the oceanic mass comprise the

A mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures

A coral is a type of ______ that secrets _______ to form an organic rock home.

A polyp; calcium carbonate

A central peak, such as volcanic mountain, generally produces a ________ drainage pattern.

A radial

Which of the following does not favor delta formation?

A strong ocean currents

Waves in shallow water that "feel bottom" are _______ and more _______ spaced than the swell they are related to.

A taller, closely

Which of the following is not true of tides?

A they are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the sun

An earthquake, submarine landslide, or eruption of undersea volcano is capable of producing a

A tsunami

Worldwide average salinity is ______

B 3.5%

Of the world's largest rivers, which have the greatest discharge?

B The Amazon river

A terrace is

B an uplift wave-cut platform

Which of the following is not related to coral rock formations?

B bay barriers and barrier splits

An atoll is approximately _______ on shape because it forms ________

B circular: around submerged volcanic islands

The height of a tsunami grows as it approaches a coastline primarily because

B its wavelength shortens

The concentration of dissolved solids in the seawater is called _______

B salinity

As regards wetlands; which of the following is correctly matched?

B salt marsh-poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemishpere

Which of the following will favor stream terrace formation?

B tectonic uplift of the headwaters

Which of the following is not an example of an erosional coastal land-form?

B tombolo

Drainage density refers to

C Ratio of the total length of channels of the area of the basin

From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct?

C coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore

Brackish water would be most likely to occur

C in a deltaic swamp

Which of the following is true of the longitudinal profile of most rivers?

C it is concave in shape

Which of the following unit is a correct unit for stream discharge?

C m3/s

Steep slopes and some relief generally produce which drainage pattern?

C parallel

Because the algae which live in symbiotic relationship with coral preform _______, corals _________.

C photosynthesis: must live in water that is penetrated by light

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

C spring tides-high tides only

_____________ separate drainage basins and send flows to the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic's, Hudson Bay, or the Arctic Ocean

Continental Divide

Braided streams are characterized by

D A and B only

Coral formations

D are made of animals living symbolically with simple algae

As a stream velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last?

D clay

The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to

D decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge

Which of the following stream channels types is likely to develop on gently slopping surfaces composed of rocks or sediments with approximately the same resistance to erosion?

D dendretic

The glacial shield regions of Canada have disrupted surface drainage patterns that are called _______ patterns

D deranged

Near the shore, waves of translation begin to feel bottom and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more __________. The process eventually cause _____ to form.

D elliptical; breakers

Rectangular drainage patterns form primarily as a result of _______

D flow through faulted landscape

Stream transport involves all of the following except

D sheet flow

Which drainage pattern is produced by folded topography?

D trellis

Which of the following is not an example of a depositional coastal land form?

D wave-cut platform

Some streams may originate in a humid region and subsequently flow through an arid region. Thus, the discharge may decrease with distance, because of high potential evapotranspiration. Such streams are called __________ streams

Exotic

Although many elements are dissolved in the seawater; no gases are dissolved in it.

False

As the evaporation rate increases, salinity decreases.

False

Brine water tends to occur near coastal deltas.

False

Seawater is not a solution.

False

Some streams do not reach the ocean. Water leaves the basin through evaporation or subsurface gravitational flow. Such basins are called _________

Internal drainage

An interruption in a stream's longitudinal profile of equilibrium is called __________

Nickpoint

The largest ocean in the world in terms of area is the _________ and the smallest ocean in terms of area is ________.

Pacific, Artic

A watershed is an open system.

True

Most streams flow into the ocean

True

River discharge usually increases downstream because the area being drained increases

True

Stream Discharge is calculated by multiplying the velocity of the stream by its width and depth for a specific cross section of the channel.

True

The Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth is greater than that of the Sun's.

True

As the discharge of a stream increases, which of the following also happens?

D Width, depth, and velocity all increase

The destruction of a mangrove swamp might lead to

D all of the above are true

The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are

D held aloft in the stream flow

A general term for the coastal environment is

D littoral zone

Which of the following is true of the ocean deep zone?

D only A and B are true

Since the Amazon river is the largest river in terms of dishcarge, it also produces a large delta at its mouth.

False

cfs is a unit of stream discharge and stands for cubic feet per second.

True

The valley and ridge province is characterized by which drainage pattern?

B trellis

Brine water results from

C High evaporation rates

The two driving forces of fluvial system are _________ and ________

insulation, gravity

The relationship between stage and stream discharge is called _________ curve

state-discharge rating