Ch 15 Special Senses
Cochlea
Receptors for hearing are located in the ______
Vestibule
The central part of the bony labyrinth
static equilibrium
the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary
Conduction deafness
A condition of deafness that may result from otosclerosis
Glaucoma
A condition often leading to blindness due to increased intraocular pressure
Night blindness
A condition that can result from a deficiency of vitamin A
Tympanic membrane
A membrane that transmits sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles
Tinnitus
A possible side effect of medications such as aspirin
Otitis media
An inflammation of the lining of the middle ear.
Fovea centralis
Area of greatest visual acuity
the convex surface of the cornea and the convex surface of the lens
As light enters the eye, it is refracted by:
Conduction deafness
Can result from impacted cerumen
Conduction deafness
Can result from the fusion of the auditory ossicles
Olfactory epithelium
Chemically sensitive cilia are found in this structure
Taste buds
Chemically sensitive microvilli found in this structure
Diverge
Concave lenses cause light waves to...
Pharyngotympanic tube
Connects the middle ear with the masopharynx
Vestibule
Contains utricle and saccule
Converge
Convex lenses cause light waves to...
Vestibule
Detects linear acceleration
Otoliths
Ear stones
Crista ampullaris
Hair cells receptive to changes in dynamic equilibrium are found in this structure
Macula
Hair cells receptive to changes in static equilibrium are found in this structure
Aqueous humor
Helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye
cochlear duct
Houses the spiral organ (of Corti).
upside down and reversed from left to right
How is the image focused on the retina oriented?
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
Sensorineural deafness
Loss of hearing resulting from prolonged exposure to high-intensity sounds
Result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs
Motion sickness results from ______
Substances in solution
Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by _______
Has no blood supply
Ordinarily, it is NOT possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________
Tympanic membrane
Separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear
Chemoreceptors
Taste receptors and Olfactory receptors are what type of receptor?
The optic nerve leaves the eye
The blind spot of the eye is where ______
Inferior oblique
The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the _______
olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, limbic system and olfactory cortex
The olfactory nerve pathway is
Vestibule
The part of the ear related to static equilibrium
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
The primary taste sensations are
Retina
The sensory layer of the eye
Lens
The structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye
Taste receptors, cranial nerves, medulla oblongata, thalamus, gustatory cortex
The taste nerve pathway is
Carbohydrates, acids, salts, organic compounds, amino acids
The taste stimulants for sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
False
True or False: Ciliary muscles are a type of skeletal muscle
False
True or False: Contraction of the ciliary muscle causes the lens to bend the light less
False
True or False: Static equilibrium involves linear acceleration as well as changes in head rotation
False
True or False: The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor
False
True or False: The bending of light rays is called reflection
True
True or False: The extrinsic eye muscle motor units contain only 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2 or 3 muscle cells
False
True or False: The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph
True
True or False: The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina
True
True or False: The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva
False
True or False: The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye
True
True or False: The optic disc is the location where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball
True
True or False: The photoreceptor cells are sensitive to damage from light
False
True or False: The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus
False
True or False: Vitamin D needed by the photoreceptors cells is stored by the cells of the retina pigmented layer
Vision in dim light
What is the main function of the rods in the eye?
Tarsal gland secretions
What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close?
Iris
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
refraction
occurs when light waves pass at an oblique angle into mediums of different densities
conduction deafness
one of the most common results of otitis media
semicircular canals
the part of the ear associated with dynamic equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
the perception of rotation and movement of the head and/or body
Spiral organ (of Corti)
the receptor organ for hearing
eye, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, visual cortex
the visual nerve pathways