Ch 15 The Digestive System and body metabolism
Spasms in the gastrointestinal tract can be relieved with ____________________.
Antispasmodics are agents that control intestinal tract spasms.
The lingual tonsils are the two mounds of tissue at the back of the ____________________.
At the back of the tongue, the lingual tonsils form two rounded mounds of lymphatic tissue that play an important role in the immune system.
Identify the combining form bucc(o) with its closest definition.
Cheek
Amino acids converted proteins due to ____________.
Digestive enzymes convert complex proteins into amino acids, sugars to glucose and fats into fatty acids.
name the contents of the alimentary canal
GI tract & accessory organs
Identify the combining form cholecyst(o) with its closest definition.
Gallbladder
What type of surgery might an obese patient have?
Gastric bypass or resection
_____________ are specialists in diseases of the digestive system.
Gastroenterologists
what is the medical condition in which there is a protrusion of the stomach?
Hiatal Hernia
which of the following terms is an intestinal blockage
Ileus
which of the following medications is an antacid?
Maalox
which of the following conditions has black, tarry stool?
Melena
The patient has been diagnosed with sialadenitis. The medical assistant recognizes this is an inflammation of the ____________________ glands.
Sialadenitis is the medical term for salivary glands.
esophagus
The alimentary canal includes the
Identify the combining form ile(o) with its closest definition.
The combining form ile(o) means ileum.
The liver secretes
The liver secretes bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile is used for breaking down fat and has other digestive functions.
The small intestine is the longest tube in the body and takes up the majority of the abdominal cavity.
The longest intestine is the ____________________ intestine.
On either side of the mouth are masses of lymphatic tissue called the ____________________ tonsils.
The palatine tonsils are found on either side of the back of the mouth.
The narrow bottom part of the stomach is the ____________________.
The pylorus is the narrow bottom portion of the stomach.
which of the following processes passes digested nutrients into the bloodstream?
absorption
another name for the digestive tract is the
alimentary canal
Digestive enzymes convert proteins into ________________________________________.
amino acids
which of the following enzymes helps to breakdown carbohydrates?
amylase
the last 1 to 2 inches of the large intestine are called the
anal canal
The patient is experiencing vomiting. Which pharmacological agent would the nurse expect to be ordered?
antiemetic
the opening from the anal canal to the outside of the body is the
anus
which of the following structures does feces pass through?
anus
Identify the combining form chol(e) with its closest definition.
bile
when a patient has jaundice, which of the liver enzymes is being overproduced
bilirubin
gallstones are caused by an abnormal production of
calcium
What does the large intestine consist of?
cecum, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
the stomach produces a mixture of semidigested food called
chyme
which of the following conditions can be caused by alcoholism?
cirrhosis
which of the following structures can be located in the large intestine?
colon
which of the following procedures can confirm whether a patient has colititis or not?
colonoscopy
After chewing, swallowing or ____________________ takes place.
deglutition
According to the medical record, the patient is experiencing dysphagia. The health care provider knows that this is:
difficulty in swallowing
Stomach acids such as hydrochloric acid are important for ______________.
digestion
Amino acids converted proteins due to ____________.
digestive enzymes
the first 9 to 10 inches of the small intestine is the
duodenum
the pancreas is encircled by the
duodenum
the top part of the small intestine where chyme mixes with bile, pancreatic juices and intestinal juice to continue the digestive process
duodenum
identify the three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
when a patient cannot swallow, what is the medical term for that condition
dysphagia
what is the medical term for vomiting
emesis
which of the following will convert complex proteins to amino acids?
enzymes
The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea is the ____________________.
epiglottis
what is the medical term for belching?
eructation
name the mucous membrane structure which connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
the medical term for stomachache
gastrodynia
pain in the tongue is called
glossodynia
Complex sugars are reduced to ____________________.
glucose
The fleshy sockets that hold the teeth are called the ____________________.
gums
gingiv(o)
gums
the following structure is known as the roof of your mouth
hard pallet
the section of the small intestine closest to the large intestine is the
ileum
which structure connects the small intestine to the large intestine
ileum
which hormone is produced in the pancreas?
insulin
a general term for ll types of fatty compounds
lipid
Identify the combining term cheil(o) with its closest definition.
lips
hepatitis is an inflammation of the
liver
the large organ that secretes bile is called the
liver
which of the following structures is the largest organ in the body?
liver
The chewing of food is called ____________________.
mastication
Identify the combining form or(o) with its closest definition.
mouth
The taste buds are contained in small raised areas of the tongue called ____________________.
papilla
The taste buds are contained in the
papillae
if the ascites needs to be drained from the patient's body, what is the name for the procedure?
paracentesis
the enzyme that begins protein digestion is
pepsin
The movement of food through the alimentary canal is referred to as ________________.
peristalsis
the act of moving food through the digestive system
peristalsis
Which part of the stomach is the narrowed bottom part?
pylorus
the bottom portion of the large intestine
rectum
the distal end of the sigmoid colon joins with the
rectum
which of the following structures would be located in the lower GI tract?
rectum
Identify the combining form sial(o) with its closest definition.
saliva
the s- shaped section of the large intestine
sigmoid colon
what is another term for glycogen
starch
A gastroscopy is a procedure for examining the
stomach
what part of the gi tract most commonly experiences ulcers?
stomach
The cardiac sphincter prevents reflux into the ____________________.
stomach; As the swallowed food is advanced toward the stomach by the peristaltic wave, the cardiac sphincter will open briefly. Once the food is in the stomach, it will close to prevent regurgitation.
what is the purpose of the gallbladder in the human body?
stores biles
what is another term for glucose?
sugar
The physician has ordered a cholangiogram. The medical assistant explains to the patient that this is a (an):
x-ray image of the bile vessels.