Ch 15 The Digestive System and body metabolism

Spasms in the gastrointestinal tract can be relieved with ____________________.

Antispasmodics are agents that control intestinal tract spasms.

The lingual tonsils are the two mounds of tissue at the back of the ____________________.

At the back of the tongue, the lingual tonsils form two rounded mounds of lymphatic tissue that play an important role in the immune system.

Identify the combining form bucc(o) with its closest definition.

Cheek

Amino acids converted proteins due to ____________.

Digestive enzymes convert complex proteins into amino acids, sugars to glucose and fats into fatty acids.

name the contents of the alimentary canal

GI tract & accessory organs

Identify the combining form cholecyst(o) with its closest definition.

Gallbladder

What type of surgery might an obese patient have?

Gastric bypass or resection

_____________ are specialists in diseases of the digestive system.

Gastroenterologists

what is the medical condition in which there is a protrusion of the stomach?

Hiatal Hernia

which of the following terms is an intestinal blockage

Ileus

which of the following medications is an antacid?

Maalox

which of the following conditions has black, tarry stool?

Melena

The patient has been diagnosed with sialadenitis. The medical assistant recognizes this is an inflammation of the ____________________ glands.

Sialadenitis is the medical term for salivary glands.

esophagus

The alimentary canal includes the

Identify the combining form ile(o) with its closest definition.

The combining form ile(o) means ileum.

The liver secretes

The liver secretes bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile is used for breaking down fat and has other digestive functions.

The small intestine is the longest tube in the body and takes up the majority of the abdominal cavity.

The longest intestine is the ____________________ intestine.

On either side of the mouth are masses of lymphatic tissue called the ____________________ tonsils.

The palatine tonsils are found on either side of the back of the mouth.

The narrow bottom part of the stomach is the ____________________.

The pylorus is the narrow bottom portion of the stomach.

which of the following processes passes digested nutrients into the bloodstream?

absorption

another name for the digestive tract is the

alimentary canal

Digestive enzymes convert proteins into ________________________________________.

amino acids

which of the following enzymes helps to breakdown carbohydrates?

amylase

the last 1 to 2 inches of the large intestine are called the

anal canal

The patient is experiencing vomiting. Which pharmacological agent would the nurse expect to be ordered?

antiemetic

the opening from the anal canal to the outside of the body is the

anus

which of the following structures does feces pass through?

anus

Identify the combining form chol(e) with its closest definition.

bile

when a patient has jaundice, which of the liver enzymes is being overproduced

bilirubin

gallstones are caused by an abnormal production of

calcium

What does the large intestine consist of?

cecum, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

the stomach produces a mixture of semidigested food called

chyme

which of the following conditions can be caused by alcoholism?

cirrhosis

which of the following structures can be located in the large intestine?

colon

which of the following procedures can confirm whether a patient has colititis or not?

colonoscopy

After chewing, swallowing or ____________________ takes place.

deglutition

According to the medical record, the patient is experiencing dysphagia. The health care provider knows that this is:

difficulty in swallowing

Stomach acids such as hydrochloric acid are important for ______________.

digestion

Amino acids converted proteins due to ____________.

digestive enzymes

the first 9 to 10 inches of the small intestine is the

duodenum

the pancreas is encircled by the

duodenum

the top part of the small intestine where chyme mixes with bile, pancreatic juices and intestinal juice to continue the digestive process

duodenum

identify the three parts of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

when a patient cannot swallow, what is the medical term for that condition

dysphagia

what is the medical term for vomiting

emesis

which of the following will convert complex proteins to amino acids?

enzymes

The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea is the ____________________.

epiglottis

what is the medical term for belching?

eructation

name the mucous membrane structure which connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

frenulum

the medical term for stomachache

gastrodynia

pain in the tongue is called

glossodynia

Complex sugars are reduced to ____________________.

glucose

The fleshy sockets that hold the teeth are called the ____________________.

gums

gingiv(o)

gums

the following structure is known as the roof of your mouth

hard pallet

the section of the small intestine closest to the large intestine is the

ileum

which structure connects the small intestine to the large intestine

ileum

which hormone is produced in the pancreas?

insulin

a general term for ll types of fatty compounds

lipid

Identify the combining term cheil(o) with its closest definition.

lips

hepatitis is an inflammation of the

liver

the large organ that secretes bile is called the

liver

which of the following structures is the largest organ in the body?

liver

The chewing of food is called ____________________.

mastication

Identify the combining form or(o) with its closest definition.

mouth

The taste buds are contained in small raised areas of the tongue called ____________________.

papilla

The taste buds are contained in the

papillae

if the ascites needs to be drained from the patient's body, what is the name for the procedure?

paracentesis

the enzyme that begins protein digestion is

pepsin

The movement of food through the alimentary canal is referred to as ________________.

peristalsis

the act of moving food through the digestive system

peristalsis

Which part of the stomach is the narrowed bottom part?

pylorus

the bottom portion of the large intestine

rectum

the distal end of the sigmoid colon joins with the

rectum

which of the following structures would be located in the lower GI tract?

rectum

Identify the combining form sial(o) with its closest definition.

saliva

the s- shaped section of the large intestine

sigmoid colon

what is another term for glycogen

starch

A gastroscopy is a procedure for examining the

stomach

what part of the gi tract most commonly experiences ulcers?

stomach

The cardiac sphincter prevents reflux into the ____________________.

stomach; As the swallowed food is advanced toward the stomach by the peristaltic wave, the cardiac sphincter will open briefly. Once the food is in the stomach, it will close to prevent regurgitation.

what is the purpose of the gallbladder in the human body?

stores biles

what is another term for glucose?

sugar

The physician has ordered a cholangiogram. The medical assistant explains to the patient that this is a (an):

x-ray image of the bile vessels.