Ch. 16: Absolutism and Constituionalism
tesnsions were always present between the two supporters in the Netherlands
>supporters of the staunchly republican Estates >supporters of the House of Orange
the Baroque style flourished in the context of this
Catholic Reformation
1670
Charles II agrees to re-Catholicize England in secret agreement with Louis XIV
1670-1671
Cossack revolt led by Stenka Razin
1685
Edict of Nantes revoked
1642-1649
English civil war, which ends with execution of Charles I
Charles II of England secretly promised Louis XIV of France this in return for financial support
English law against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized
Cossacks
Free groups ad outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward. By the end of the 16th century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.
1688-1689
Glorious Revolution in England
1683-1718
Habsburg push the Ottoman Turks from Hungary
the reason the English government arrived at a crisis situation by 1640
James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority
1665-1683
Jean-Baptiste Colbert applies mercantilism to France
in music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of this artist
Johann Sebastian Bach
1682
Louis XIV moves court to Versailles
how the Peace of Utrecht resolved the problem of succession to the Spanish throne
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united
Junkers
Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Fredrick William to consolidate the Prussian state
1782-1725
Reign of Peter the Great of Russia
the treaty that resulted from the collapse of Spain as a military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi
Treaty of the Pyreness
1701-1713
War of the Spanish Succession
the primary cause of the English Glorious Revolutio
a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II
constitutionalism
a form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on other one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics
republicanism
a form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately this
a military dictatorship
Peace of Utrecht
a series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire
Fronde
a series of violent uprising during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation
mercantilism
a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver
millet system
a system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders
moral economy
a vision of the world in which community needs to predominate over competition and profit
the reason rulers hesitated to crush rebellions in the 17th century
armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs
nature of armed forces changed in the latter half of the 17th century
army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests
the revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was place in the Parliament, which only represented the upper class
characterizes the English Revolution of 1688
accompaniment of of the growth of commercial agriculture in Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650
consolidation of serfdom
1500-1650
consolidation of serfdom in eastern Europe
1680-1750
construction of baroque palaces
political power in the Dutch Republic
controlled by and oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
mercantilist theory
economic activity should be regulated by and for the states
the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolute and constitutional governments
growth in armed forces
1620-1740
growth of absolutism
Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia persuaded the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army by doing this
he confirmed the Junkers' privilege, including authority over the serfs
Cardinal Richelieu increased the power of the centralized French state
he extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's 32 districts
Peace of Westphalia marked a turning point in European history
large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
Test Act
legislation, passed by the English parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and attend or teach at the universities
the affect of famines on the European population in the 17th century
malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly
Puritans
members of a 16th and 17th century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate, ceremonials, and wedding rings
1653-1658
military rule in England under Oliver Cromwell (the Protectorate)
Louis XIV selected councilors from here
newly ennobles or upper middle class
one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system
people of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions
the primary focus of the French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu
prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France
1589-1610
reign of Henry IV in France
1533-1584
reign of Ivan the Terrible in Russia
1643-1715
reign of Louis XIV in France
1660
restoration of English monarchy under Charles II
French classicism presented this
subject matter associated with classical antiquity
Protectorate
the English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I
Janissary corps
the core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force
stadholder
the executive officer in each of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a position often held by the princes of Orange
boyars
the highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility
Peace of Westphalia
the name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe
sultan
the ruler of the Ottoman Empire; he owned all thew agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves
staffed the top level of the bureaucracy in the Ottoman government
the sultan's slave corps
1698-1613
times of trouble in Russia