Ch. 16: Absolutism and Constituionalism

tesnsions were always present between the two supporters in the Netherlands

>supporters of the staunchly republican Estates >supporters of the House of Orange

the Baroque style flourished in the context of this

Catholic Reformation

1670

Charles II agrees to re-Catholicize England in secret agreement with Louis XIV

1670-1671

Cossack revolt led by Stenka Razin

1685

Edict of Nantes revoked

1642-1649

English civil war, which ends with execution of Charles I

Charles II of England secretly promised Louis XIV of France this in return for financial support

English law against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized

Cossacks

Free groups ad outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward. By the end of the 16th century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.

1688-1689

Glorious Revolution in England

1683-1718

Habsburg push the Ottoman Turks from Hungary

the reason the English government arrived at a crisis situation by 1640

James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority

1665-1683

Jean-Baptiste Colbert applies mercantilism to France

in music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of this artist

Johann Sebastian Bach

1682

Louis XIV moves court to Versailles

how the Peace of Utrecht resolved the problem of succession to the Spanish throne

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united

Junkers

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Fredrick William to consolidate the Prussian state

1782-1725

Reign of Peter the Great of Russia

the treaty that resulted from the collapse of Spain as a military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi

Treaty of the Pyreness

1701-1713

War of the Spanish Succession

the primary cause of the English Glorious Revolutio

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

constitutionalism

a form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on other one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics

republicanism

a form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately this

a military dictatorship

Peace of Utrecht

a series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire

Fronde

a series of violent uprising during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation

mercantilism

a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver

millet system

a system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders

moral economy

a vision of the world in which community needs to predominate over competition and profit

the reason rulers hesitated to crush rebellions in the 17th century

armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs

nature of armed forces changed in the latter half of the 17th century

army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests

the revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was place in the Parliament, which only represented the upper class

characterizes the English Revolution of 1688

accompaniment of of the growth of commercial agriculture in Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650

consolidation of serfdom

1500-1650

consolidation of serfdom in eastern Europe

1680-1750

construction of baroque palaces

political power in the Dutch Republic

controlled by and oligarchy of wealthy businessmen

mercantilist theory

economic activity should be regulated by and for the states

the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolute and constitutional governments

growth in armed forces

1620-1740

growth of absolutism

Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia persuaded the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army by doing this

he confirmed the Junkers' privilege, including authority over the serfs

Cardinal Richelieu increased the power of the centralized French state

he extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's 32 districts

Peace of Westphalia marked a turning point in European history

large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

Test Act

legislation, passed by the English parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and attend or teach at the universities

the affect of famines on the European population in the 17th century

malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly

Puritans

members of a 16th and 17th century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate, ceremonials, and wedding rings

1653-1658

military rule in England under Oliver Cromwell (the Protectorate)

Louis XIV selected councilors from here

newly ennobles or upper middle class

one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system

people of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions

the primary focus of the French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu

prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France

1589-1610

reign of Henry IV in France

1533-1584

reign of Ivan the Terrible in Russia

1643-1715

reign of Louis XIV in France

1660

restoration of English monarchy under Charles II

French classicism presented this

subject matter associated with classical antiquity

Protectorate

the English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I

Janissary corps

the core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force

stadholder

the executive officer in each of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a position often held by the princes of Orange

boyars

the highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility

Peace of Westphalia

the name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe

sultan

the ruler of the Ottoman Empire; he owned all thew agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves

staffed the top level of the bureaucracy in the Ottoman government

the sultan's slave corps

1698-1613

times of trouble in Russia