Ch. 17 Test Biology
Domain _________includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Eukarya
all members of the domain eukarya have ____________ cells
Eukaryotic
all scientific names are made up of two words that are often derived from the ____________ language
Latin
__________devised a seven-level hierarchical system fro classifying organisms according to their form and structure.
Linnaeus
a mushroom is difficult to classify in Linnaeus's two-kingdom classification system because a-it has another common name, the toadstool b-it doesn't seem to fit into either kingdom c-mushrooms had not yet evolved in lennaeus's time d-all of the above
b
analogous features: convergent evolution:: a-two members of the same gens: same species b-cladogram: evolutionary relationships common names: universal identification d-cladograms, exact, direct information
b
each subset within a class of organisms is called a(n) a-order b-family c-genus d-phylum
b
kingdoms are divided into phyla and each phylum is divided into a-families b-classes c-orders d-genera
b
organisms in different genera a-may share the second word of their scientific names b-may be in the same family c-may be in different orders d-all of the above
b
the lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the a-genus b-species c-family d-order
b
the sclaes of snakes and the scales of pangolins a-are shared derived characters b-are homologous structures c-suggest descent from a common ancestor d-evolved independently in the two groups
b
two organisms in the same order but different families may a-be more similar than two organisms in different classes b-be in the same class c-have the same species identifier d- all of the above
b
domain; includes chemosynthetic bacteria
bacteria
each kind of organism on earth is assigned a unique two-word _______________ ________________
binomial nomenclature
the two-word system for naming organisms is called ___________ _____________
binomial nomenclature
Naturalists have invented several systems for categorizing ________________
biodiversity
the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems
biodiversity
Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of a-embryos b-fossils c-rRNA d-organisms' physical features
c
amoebas and paramecia belong to the kingdom a-fungi b-plantae c-protista d-archea
c
as we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms a-vary more and more b-are less and less related to each other c-become more similar in appearance d-always are members of the same order
c
taxonomy is defined as the science of a-classifying plants according to their uses in agricultural experiments b- studying ribosomal RNA sequencing techniques c-grouping organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history d-studying reproductive mechanisms and gene flow
c
the correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is a-kingdom, class, family, order, phylum, genus, species b-kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species c-kingdom, phylum, class, order family, genus, species d-kingdom, class, order, phylum, family, genus species
c
the domain that includes the oldest known fossil cells is called a-eukarya b-archaea c-bacteria d-eubacteria
c
the molecular clock model of evolutionary relationships is based on the assumption that changes in macromolecules sequences a-are not random b-are affected by natural selection c-are greater in species with more-distant common ancestors d-occur at different rates in different organisms
c
the science of classifying living things is called a-identification b-classification c-taxonomy d-speciation
c
the species name of the pangolin is a-Manis temminckii b-manis temminckii c-Mains temminckii (italicized) d-Manis Temminckii (italicized)
c
two organisms in the same class but different orders a-are in different kingdoms b-have the same genus name c-are in the same pylum d-are members of the same species
c
reconstructing phylogenies by inferring relationships based on similarities derived from a common ancestor without considering the "strength" of a character is called _________
cladistics
a _____________ is a branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships in groups of shared derived characters
cladogram
group of related orders
class
orders with common properties are combined into a ______________
class
THe organisms that live in hostile environments that cannot support other forms of life are members of the domain a-bacteria b-archaea c-eukarya d-none of the above
d
Which of the following scientists developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name? a-Leakey b-Aristotle c-Darwin d-Linnaeus
d
class:family a-order:phylum b-genus: class c-species:genus d-phylum:order
d
in which language are scientific names written? a-English b-Greek c-Arabic d-Latin
d
most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom a-animalia b-eubacteria c-fungi d-plantae
d
nearly all single-celled euakaryotes that are either heterotrphic photosynthetic belong to the kingdom a-animalia b-fungi c-plantae d-protista
d
one example of a derived character is provided by the a-feathers of birds b-scales of snakes c-scales of pangolins d-chromosomes of chimpanzees
d
phylogenetic trees depict a-known evolutionary relationships between organisms b-presumed evolutionary relationships based on physical features only c-only living organisms d-presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of types of evidence
d
scientists don't use the common names of organisms because a-an organism may have more that one common name b-common names are too ambiguous c-an organism rarely has the same name in different languages d-all of the above
d
the domain eukarya includes a-archaea, protsts, fungi, and plants b-protists, fungi, plants, and animals c-protists, fungi, eubacteria, and archea d-fungi, eubacteria, plants, and animals
d
the domain that includes organisms with true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles is called a-bacteria b-archaea c-animalia d-eukarya
d
the main criterion used in Linnaeus's system of classification is an organisms a-evolutionary history b-morphology c-taxonomy d-hierarchy
d
today, biologists classify organisms by their a-physical similarities b-chemical similarities c-behavioral similarities d-all of the above
d
which of the following is the least inclusive classification group? a-class b-genus c-phylum d-species
d
which of the following was NOT a consideration for Carolus Linnaeus when he developed his system of nomenclature of organisms a-it should include detailed descriptions of an organisms in its name b-it should assign each organisms in a unique name c- it should assign names using a language that can be recognized as world-wide d-it should enable scientists to classify organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships to other organisms
d
the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
group of related species
family
the classification level in which similar genera are grouped is called a ____________
family
kingdom; includes mushrooms and molds
fungi
a ________ is a taxonomic category containing similar species
genus
group of related genera
genus
the first word of a scientific name indicates the _______ to which the organisms belongs
genus
Aristotle classified plants on the basis of differences in their ______________
habitat
Eukaryotic organisms that lack specialized tissue systems are members of the kingdom _______________
protista
kingdom; includes chemosynthetic bacteria
protista
a ____________ is the smallest grouping, which contains only one kind of organism
species
a genus is subdivided into smaller groups called _________
species
________analyzes the diversity of organisms in the context of their natural relationships
systematics
a modern approach to taxonomy
systematics
any group within a taxonomic system is called a ___________
taxon
the variety of organisms at all taxonomic levels is called __________
taxon
Linnaeus developed a system for naming and classifying organisms, which is called ___________
taxonomy
the science of naming and classifying organisms is called ____________
taxonomy
Which of the following is (are) used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms? a-patterns of embryological development b-homologous features c-amino acid sequences of proteins d-all of the above
b
domain _____________ aligns with Kingdom Archaebacteria
Archaea
___________devised the two-name system of naiming organisms
Aristotle
the Greek philosopher ___________ classified organisms as either plants or animals
Aristotle
Naturalists replaced ____________ classification system because it did not adequately cover all organisms and because his use of common names was problematic
Aristotle's
the scientific name of an organism a-varies according to the native language of scientists b-is the same for scientists all over the world c-may refer to more than one species d-may have more than one genus name
B
Domain ___________ aligns with Kingdom Eubacteria,
Bacteria
name the three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Aristotle classified animals on the basis of a-their size b-their evolutionary history c-where they lived d-what they ate
C
________uses shared, derived characters as the only criterion for grouping taxa
Cladistics
______________features provide information about common ancestory
Homologous
an organism can have a-one genus name and one speicies identifier b-one genus name and two species identifiers c-two scientific names if it is found on different contintents d-two genus names but only one species identifier
a
an organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs is in the kingdom a-fungi b-plantae c-animalia d-protista
a
in the sicientific name of an organism the first part is the a-species identifier b-variety c-genus d-phylum
a
multicellular, nucleated hterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from the environment belong to the kingdom a-animalia b-eubacteria c-fungi d-plantae
a
mushrooms, puffballs, mildews, and some molds belong to the kingdom a-fungi b-plantae c-protista d-eukarya
a
simple, non-nucleated organsms that use hydrogen to produce methane are in the domain a-archea b-bacteria c-eukarya d-none of the above
a
the DNA sequences of two species of sharks would a-be more similar than the DNA sequences of a shark and a dolphin b-show no discernible differences c-be very close to the DNA sequences of a dolphin d-indicate how the sharks evolved
a
the kingodm defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom a-protista b-plantae c-animalia d-fungi
a
which of the following do cladistic taxonomists NOT compare when hypothesizing evolutionary relationships among organisms? a-morphological similarities b-analogous structures c-homologous chromosomes d-shared derived characters
a
which of the following groups are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy? a-birds and crocodiles b-birds and mammals c-turtles and birds d-snakes and mammals
a
a similar feature that has a similar function, but is not from a similar lineage is called an _______________ _______________
analogous character
Biologists of Linnaeus's time classified evyer living thing as either plants or ___________
animal
corals, spiders, and rodents all belong to the kingdom __________
animalia
kingdom; includes humans and insects
animalia
kingdom; includes chemosynthetic bacteria
archaebacteria
domain; includes disease causing bacteria
archea
cladistics uses shared and ____________ characters to group taxa
derived
unique characteristics used in cladistics are called _____________ _____________
derived characteristics
a kingdom is divided into phyla when animals are being classified or into ________________ when plants are being classified
division
in plants, the classification level below the domain is known as a ______________
division
the most general level of classification is _____________
domain
kingdom; includes Euglena and amoebas
eubacteria
domain; inludes both plants and animals
eukarya
the domains of the three-domain system of classification are Archaea, Bacteria, and _____________
eukarya
a __________ contains many phyla
kingdom
from the most general to the most specific, name each level of Linnaeus's system
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
group of related families
order
similar families are combined into an ___________
order
a _______________ _________________ displays how closely related a subset of taxa are thought to be
phylogenetic diagram
evolutionary relationships are displayed in a branching diagram called a ___________
phylogenetic diagram
the evolutionary history of a species is called its ______________
phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species is its _____________
phylogeny
group of related classes
phylum
the classification level in which classes with similar characteristics are grouped is called a ____________
phylum