Ch. 18: European Power and Expansion (1500-1750)
Who were the two main religious figures that fought against each other?
Protestants and Catholics
What was significant about the Peace of Augsburg?
Recognized Lutheranism and ended decades of religious conflicts
What did Pope Paul III try to do?
Address the problems of the Church
Who succeeded Cardinal Richelieu?
Cardinal Mazarin
What did the Council of Trent try to enact?
Church council met to enact reforms meant to improve the quality and training of priests
What did the Peace of Westphalia do for Europe?
Ended the war in 1648, each monarch had the right to choose his or her own religion for their kingdom according to their conscience
How did England diminish the Spanish Empire in the New World?
England used their religion
What was the purpose of the Fronde?
Fought to bring Mazarin and the policies of greater royal controls
What did Lorenzo Valla claim about the Donation of Constantine?
He claimed the document was fake
What did Louis require his nobles to do each year?
He required nobles to spend part of the year at Versailles
What was Martin Luther's role in the Protestant Reformation?
He was a German priest who proposed a new understanding of Christian doctrine that downplayed the power of the Church. Emphasized personal faith, God's grace and the Bible
What happened when the Edict of Nantes was revoked
Made Protestantism illegal in France
Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes?
Louis believed religious unity was key to absolutism and unity of the state
Why was Versailles linked to Louis' success?
Louis could watch over the nobility
What were the accusations of corruption in the Catholic Church?
Pluralism, the sale of indulgences and involvement in temporal politics
What was the purpose of the Donation of Constantine?
Popes used to demonstrate that they had the highest power, above the monarchs.
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Served Louis XIV as his key economic advisor
What did the Society of Jesus do and who were they?
Society of Jesus that led the "counter-reformation" by establishing schools and missionary activity. They are more commonly known as Jesuits
What did Cardinal Richelieu do for France?
Sought to centralize the state, increased tax revenues, and suppressed Protestantism
What was the consequence the St. Bartholomew's massacre?
Sparked a 15 year long religious war in France
What were the consequences of warfare?
The rising costs of warfare led monarchs to seek greater tax revenues through centralized states
What was the goal for absolutist monarchs?
increased the power of the king
