CH 2 Cardiovascular

In adults, the average heart beats approximately:

60 to 100 times per minute.

The average number of times per minute the adult heart contracts while at rest is:

72

The systemic circulation pumps blood to and from the lungs and is considered a:

High- pressure system

When the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated, the heart rate is expected to:

Increase

With regard to waveforms, the junction of the QRS interval and the ST interval is the _____, which represents the end of the QRS complex and ventricular depolarization.

J point

Traveling from the lungs, when you get to the heart where will you be?

Left atrium

The chamber responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body is the:

Left ventricle

You have made it to the lungs successfully and are traveling back to the heart. What vessels are you in? ________.

Pulmonary veins

After you enter the right atrium, you have to go through a door in order to enter the right ventricle. What is the name of this door? ________.

Tricuspid valve

What part of the ECG tracing represents the repolarization of the Purkinje fibers?

U Wave

What wave on the ECG tracing is not always seen and sometimes, when seen, can indicate an electrolyte imbalance?

U Wave

aorta

artery that transports blood to the entire body

mitral valve

atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an outside source is

automaticity

Through the process of circulation, _____ transports nutrients and other elements to and from the body tissues.

blood

oxygenated blood

blood having oxygen

deoxygenated blood

blood that has little or no oxygen

pulmonary artery

blood vessel that provides a pathway for deoxygenated blood to return to the lungs

pulmonary vein

blood vessel that transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium

bundle branches

branches off the bundle of His that conduct impulses to the left and right ventricles

right ventricle

chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs

right atrium

chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body

systemic circulation

circulation between the heart and the entire body, excluding the lungs

coronary circulation

circulation of blood through the heart and heart muscle

Circulation of the blood depends on the heart and its ability to _______ or beat.

contract

The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus is known as:

contractility

The _________ _____ _________ of the heart together make up the cardiac cycle.

contraction and relaxation

systole

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is pumping blood out to the body

The circulation of blood to and from the heart muscle is known as _____ circulation.

coronary

You have finally made it to the last chamber of the heart. The left ventricle pumps you into the entire body. After entering the aorta, what are the very first vessels you will travel into? ________.

coronary arteries

What is another term for the visceral pericardium, which is the outermost layer of the heart?

epicardium

left ventricle

heart chamber that pumps blood to the body, known as the workhorse of the heart

left atrium

heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs

repolarization

heart muscle cells return to their resting electrical state and the heart muscle relaxes

The left main coronary artery has more branches than the right because the left side of the heart is more ______ and requires more blood supply.

muscular

The heart is contained inside a sac also known as the:

pericardial sac.

The entire heart is enclosed in a sac of tissue called the

pericardium

diastole

phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling; also known as the relaxation phase

The state of cellular rest is known as __________ and is the ready phase of the heart.

polarization

What part of the ECG tracing represents the time from the start of the atrial activity to the start of ventricular activity?

PR Interval

.The pathways for pumping blood to and from the lungs are known as

pulmonary circulation.

Each electrical activity of the heart is _____ on the ECG..

recorded

The state of cellular recovery that follows each contraction is known as

repolarization.

The pathways for pumping blood throughout the body and back to the heart are known as _____ circulation.

systemic

The pathway for pumping blood throughout the body and back to the heart is called:

systemic circulation.

2. The semilunar valves are open during ventricular

systole

cardiac cycle

the contraction and relaxation of the heart

The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the_________ of the body.

tissues

pulmonary circulation

transportation of blood to and from the lungs

semilunar valve

type of valve located in the aorta and the pulmonary artery

tricuspid valve

valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle

4. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle and enters the largest vessel in the body, known as the

Aorta

The heart's ability to create its own electrical impulse is known as:

Automaticity

When the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated, acetylcholine is secreted, which causes the heart rate to:

Decrease

The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus is known as:

Excitability

Which of the following would have the least effect on the heart rate?

Respiratory rate

The inferior and superior vena cava enters the heart via the:

Right atrium

The chamber responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the:

Right ventricle

What part of the ECG tracing is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave and is normally on the isoelectric line?

ST Line

Imagine that you are a drop of blood traveling through the heart. Returning from the brain, you are about ready to enter the heart. What vessel are you in? ________

Superior vena cava

conductivity

ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse

excitability

ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus

contractility

ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus

automaticity

ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse

depolarization

an electrical current that initiates the contraction of the heart muscle

AV node

delays the electrical conduction through the heart

When the heart contracts, the right ventricle pumps _____ blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery; the pulmonary veins transport _____ blood back to the heart into the left atrium.

deoxygenated, oxygenated

The state of cellular stimulation that precedes contraction is known as

depolarization

1. The mitral and tricuspid valves, also called the atrioventricular valves, are open during ventricular

diastole

What is the relaxation phase of the heart called?

diastole

Purkinje fibers

distribute electrical impulses from cell to cell throughout the ventricles

SA node

initiates the heartbeat

Like the unique qualities of the heart, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is

involuntary.

The heart is tipped to the side _______ of the body and two-thirds of it is located on that side of the chest.

left

3. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the four pulmonary veins and drains into the

left atrium

The pulmonary circulation pumps blood to and from the lungs and is considered a:

low - pressure system

The ______ sound of the heartbeat is made during the systolic phase and the ____sound is made during the diastolic phase.

lubb; dubb