CH 2 Cardiovascular
In adults, the average heart beats approximately:
60 to 100 times per minute.
The average number of times per minute the adult heart contracts while at rest is:
72
The systemic circulation pumps blood to and from the lungs and is considered a:
High- pressure system
When the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated, the heart rate is expected to:
Increase
With regard to waveforms, the junction of the QRS interval and the ST interval is the _____, which represents the end of the QRS complex and ventricular depolarization.
J point
Traveling from the lungs, when you get to the heart where will you be?
Left atrium
The chamber responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body is the:
Left ventricle
You have made it to the lungs successfully and are traveling back to the heart. What vessels are you in? ________.
Pulmonary veins
After you enter the right atrium, you have to go through a door in order to enter the right ventricle. What is the name of this door? ________.
Tricuspid valve
What part of the ECG tracing represents the repolarization of the Purkinje fibers?
U Wave
What wave on the ECG tracing is not always seen and sometimes, when seen, can indicate an electrolyte imbalance?
U Wave
aorta
artery that transports blood to the entire body
mitral valve
atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an outside source is
automaticity
Through the process of circulation, _____ transports nutrients and other elements to and from the body tissues.
blood
oxygenated blood
blood having oxygen
deoxygenated blood
blood that has little or no oxygen
pulmonary artery
blood vessel that provides a pathway for deoxygenated blood to return to the lungs
pulmonary vein
blood vessel that transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium
bundle branches
branches off the bundle of His that conduct impulses to the left and right ventricles
right ventricle
chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs
right atrium
chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body
systemic circulation
circulation between the heart and the entire body, excluding the lungs
coronary circulation
circulation of blood through the heart and heart muscle
Circulation of the blood depends on the heart and its ability to _______ or beat.
contract
The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus is known as:
contractility
The _________ _____ _________ of the heart together make up the cardiac cycle.
contraction and relaxation
systole
contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is pumping blood out to the body
The circulation of blood to and from the heart muscle is known as _____ circulation.
coronary
You have finally made it to the last chamber of the heart. The left ventricle pumps you into the entire body. After entering the aorta, what are the very first vessels you will travel into? ________.
coronary arteries
What is another term for the visceral pericardium, which is the outermost layer of the heart?
epicardium
left ventricle
heart chamber that pumps blood to the body, known as the workhorse of the heart
left atrium
heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs
repolarization
heart muscle cells return to their resting electrical state and the heart muscle relaxes
The left main coronary artery has more branches than the right because the left side of the heart is more ______ and requires more blood supply.
muscular
The heart is contained inside a sac also known as the:
pericardial sac.
The entire heart is enclosed in a sac of tissue called the
pericardium
diastole
phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling; also known as the relaxation phase
The state of cellular rest is known as __________ and is the ready phase of the heart.
polarization
What part of the ECG tracing represents the time from the start of the atrial activity to the start of ventricular activity?
PR Interval
.The pathways for pumping blood to and from the lungs are known as
pulmonary circulation.
Each electrical activity of the heart is _____ on the ECG..
recorded
The state of cellular recovery that follows each contraction is known as
repolarization.
The pathways for pumping blood throughout the body and back to the heart are known as _____ circulation.
systemic
The pathway for pumping blood throughout the body and back to the heart is called:
systemic circulation.
2. The semilunar valves are open during ventricular
systole
cardiac cycle
the contraction and relaxation of the heart
The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the_________ of the body.
tissues
pulmonary circulation
transportation of blood to and from the lungs
semilunar valve
type of valve located in the aorta and the pulmonary artery
tricuspid valve
valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
4. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle and enters the largest vessel in the body, known as the
Aorta
The heart's ability to create its own electrical impulse is known as:
Automaticity
When the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated, acetylcholine is secreted, which causes the heart rate to:
Decrease
The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus is known as:
Excitability
Which of the following would have the least effect on the heart rate?
Respiratory rate
The inferior and superior vena cava enters the heart via the:
Right atrium
The chamber responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the:
Right ventricle
What part of the ECG tracing is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave and is normally on the isoelectric line?
ST Line
Imagine that you are a drop of blood traveling through the heart. Returning from the brain, you are about ready to enter the heart. What vessel are you in? ________
Superior vena cava
conductivity
ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse
excitability
ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus
contractility
ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus
automaticity
ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse
depolarization
an electrical current that initiates the contraction of the heart muscle
AV node
delays the electrical conduction through the heart
When the heart contracts, the right ventricle pumps _____ blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery; the pulmonary veins transport _____ blood back to the heart into the left atrium.
deoxygenated, oxygenated
The state of cellular stimulation that precedes contraction is known as
depolarization
1. The mitral and tricuspid valves, also called the atrioventricular valves, are open during ventricular
diastole
What is the relaxation phase of the heart called?
diastole
Purkinje fibers
distribute electrical impulses from cell to cell throughout the ventricles
SA node
initiates the heartbeat
Like the unique qualities of the heart, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is
involuntary.
The heart is tipped to the side _______ of the body and two-thirds of it is located on that side of the chest.
left
3. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the four pulmonary veins and drains into the
left atrium
The pulmonary circulation pumps blood to and from the lungs and is considered a:
low - pressure system
The ______ sound of the heartbeat is made during the systolic phase and the ____sound is made during the diastolic phase.
lubb; dubb