CH 2. Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government

Tne Virgina Plan

A constitutional proposal for a strong Congress with two chambers, both of which would be based on numerical representation, thus granting more power to the larger states.

democracy

A form of government in which the people govern, either directly or through elected representatives.

Republic

A form of government in which the people's representatives decide policy through institutions structured in ways that foster deliberation, slow the progress of decision making, and operate within restraints that protect individual liberty. To the framers, the Constitution's separation of powers and other limits on power were defining features of a republican form of government, as opposed to a democratic form, which places no limits on the majority.

Representative Government

A government in which the people govern though the selection of their representatives.

Limited Government

A government that is subject to strict limits on its lawful uses of power and, hence, on its ablity to deprie of thier liberty.

Social Contract

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

social contract

A voluntary agreement by individuals to form a government that is then obligated to work within the confines of that agreement.

in choosing the president th number of members of the House and Senate from aa staate determins the state's number _______. A. Electoral votes B. Legal Citizen C. Party Officialas D. Cabinet members

A. Electoral votes

Which of the following statments describe the terms democracy aand republic as understood by the farmers of the constitution? A. In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimeted. B. The seperation of power is a characteristic of republican government. C. Democracy and republic are interchangable terms. D. The government of a republic responds t the needs of the majority while protecting the minority.

A. In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimeted. B. The seperation of power is a characteristic of republican gvovernment. D. The government of a republic responds t the needs of the majority while protecting the minority.

Which of the following are elements of the social contract that John Locke believed was the foundation of government? Multiple select question. A. People submit to governmental authority in return for the protection it can provide, if it respects their rights. B. People are born with certain inalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and property. C. If a government does not respect the natural rights of the people, the people can rightfully rebel against it. D. In an advanced society, the primary duty of the people is to serve the needs of the government.

A. People submit to governmental authority in return for the protection it can provide, if it respects their rights. B. People are born with certain inalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and property. C. If a government does not respect the natural rights of the people, the people can rightfully rebel against it.

Identify the events that led to creation of the U.S. Constitution. select Multiple question. A. The Annapolis Convention did not have enough participants to revise the Articles of Confederation. B. Shays' rebellion had shown the weakness of the national C. government under the Articles of Confederation. D. After the Annapolis Convention, delegates wanted to revise the Articles of Confederation because the national government was too powerful. E. Madison and Hamilton encouraged delegates at the Annapolis Convention to meet again to revise the Articles of Confederation.

A. The Annapolis Convention did not have enough participants to revise the Articles of Confederation. B. Shays' rebellion had shown the weakness of the national under the Articles of Confederation. C Madison and Hamilton encouraged delegates at the Annapolis Convention to meet again to revise the Articles of Confederation.

According to the Virginia Plan, who or what would exercise power in all areas "in which the separate states are incompetent"? Multiple choice question. the president a gubernatorial convention the Supreme Court Congress

Congress

The system chose by the framers to select the president is the ______. Multiple choice question. Electoral College party caucus ballot box Selective Service

Electoral College

As defined by the framers, who or what limits the majority's power in a democracy? Multiple choice question. a system of checks and balances a strong executive a nonpartisan court system nothing and no one

nothing and no one

In the framers' view, a republican government does which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. reduces the likelihood of reckless, hasty actions reduces the risk of tyranny of the majority gives absolute authority to the majority adds constraints that protect the rights of individuals

reduces the likelihood of reckless, hasty actions adds constraints that protect the rights of individuals reduces the risk of tyranny of the majority

Jefferson and Jackson had different views concerning the branch of government that was best equipped to Blank______. Multiple choice question. interpret the Constitution represent the views of the majority control the armed forces initiate constitutional amendments

represent the views of the majority

A government in which people govern by voting for officials to act for them is called a Blank______. Multiple choice question. token government limited government representative government electoral government

representative government

The challenge facing the framers was how to reconcile Blank______. Multiple choice question. rights and entitlements representative government and limited government the tyranny of the majority and the power of elites natural law and man-made law

representative government and limited government

The U.S. system of government created by the founders in 1787 can be described as which of the following? (More than one option may be correct.) Select ALL that apply. republic populist authoritarian constitutional

republic constitutional

The Philadelphia convention was called to ______. Multiple choice question. defeat Shays' army revise the Articles of Confederation get a consensus on how to deal with Native American tribes on the western frontier decide whether to ratify a treaty with Britain

revise the Articles of Confederation

The belief that the power of government can be controlled by dividing it into several branches instead of concentrating it in one area is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. denials of power separation of powers due process asset diversification

separation of powers

The belief that the power of government can be controlled by dividing it into several branches instead of concentrating it in one area is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. separation of powers asset diversification denials of power due process

separation of powers

According to John Locke's theory, called the Blank______, people agree to form a government in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals. Multiple choice question. great compromise ratification debate bill of rights social contract

social contract

According to John Locke's theory, called the Blank______, people agree to form a government in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals. Multiple choice question. ratification debate social contract bill of rights great compromise

social contract

Which of the following are constitutional grants of power to the national government? Multiple select question. taxation raising an army establishing a system of public schools declaring war against another nation

taxation raising an army declaring war against another nation

Which British policy was the main source of dispute for the American colonists? Multiple choice question. imprisonment of local leaders interference with religious practices taxation without representation refusal to grant property rights

taxation without representation

At the time the Constitution was created, what was the only institution that would be based on direct popular election? Multiple choice question. the chief justice of the Supreme Court the House of Representatives the presidency the Senate

the House of Representatives

At the time the Constitution was created, what was the only institution that would be based on direct popular election? Multiple choice question. the presidency the Senate the chief justice of the Supreme Court the House of Representatives

the House of Representatives

What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Multiple select question. A. The national government did not have the power to regulate B.commerce between the states. C. The national government depended on the states for its funding, and they often didn't pay their full share. D. The Articles placed a tax on all imported goods. E. The legislature was bicameral, meaning power was shared among two houses.

A. The national government did not have the power to regulate C. The national government did not have the power to regulate commerce between the states.

For the Federalists, the Bill of Rights was Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. a political necessity to get the Constitution ratified B.modeled after the French constitution C. modeled after the Georgia constitution D. always intended to be developed in consultation with the E. state governments

A. a political necessity to get the Constitution ratified

Despite the original purpose of the Philadelphia convention, which was to revise the Articles of Confederation, from its beginning prominent delegates were determined to Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. create a stronger central government B. implement universal male suffrage C. force a debate on the issue of slavery D. follow Congress's instructions only to a degree

A. create a stronger central government

The U.S. Constitution placed limitations on popular rule in which of the following ways? Multiple select question. A. having the president elected by the Electoral College B. having the president nominate federal judges C. having U.S. senators elected by the House of Representatives D. having U.S. senators elected by state legislatures E. limiting the right to vote to only natural-born citizens of European descent

A. having the president elected by the Electoral College B. having the president nominate federal judges. D. having U.S. senators elected by state legislatures

One goal of the framers of the Constitution was to Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. preserve the states as governing entities B. give more power to the states C. prevent the federal government from interfering in commerce D. eliminate state governments in favor of one national government

A. preserve the states as governing entities

The agreement of Blank______ states was required to enact legislation under the Articles of Confederation. Multiple choice question. nine seven thirteen eleven

nine

At the time the Constitution was created, what was the only institution that would be based on direct popular election? Multiple choice question. A. the House of Representatives B. the presidency C. the chief justice of the Supreme Court D. the Senate

A. the House of Representatives

A key concern for the group known as the ______ was that the proposed Constitution lacked a bill of rights. Multiple choice question. Federalists Whigs Nationalists Anti-Federalists

Anti-Federalists

The framers' goal of a government that would not threaten liberty was to be accomplished by Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. provisions for the direct and indirect election of public officials B .an elaborate system of checks and balances C. substantial grants of power to the federal government D. federalism

B .an elaborate system of checks and balances

Which of the following were features of the Virginia Plan for national government? Multiple select question. A. States would control defense and interstate trade. B. States with the largest populations would have the most representatives. C. The upper house would elect the lower house. D. It would include a bicameral legislature.

B. States with the largest populations would have the most representatives. D. It would include a bicameral legislature.

Why didn't Congress respond with troops when the governor asked for assistance during Shays' Rebellion? A. Wealthy congressmen had no interest in quashing the rebellion. B There were no troops to send. C. Because slavery was the central issue, Congress hesitated to become involved. D There was an ongoing dispute between a congressional faction and the governor.

B. There were no troops to send.

The challenge facing the framers was how to reconcile Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. rights and entitlements B. representative government and limited government C. the tyranny of the majority and the power of elites D.. natural law and man-made law

B. representative government and limited government

The Philadelphia convention was called to ______. Multiple choice question. A. defeat Shays' army B. revise the Articles of Confederation C. get a consensus on how to deal with Native American tribes on the western frontier E.decide whether to ratify a treaty with Britain

B. revise the Articles of Confederation

According to John Locke's theory, called the Blank______, people agree to form a government in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals. Multiple choice question. A. ratification debate B. social contract C. bill of rights D. great compromise

B. social contract

In a majority of the state conventions to ratify the Constitution (8 of 13), it was claimed that Blank______ would have the power to nullify actions that violated the Constitution. Multiple choice question. A. The Senate B. the judiciary C. the executive D. the House

B. the judiciary

Amending the Articles of Confederation required Blank______ states to approve of the amendment. Multiple choice question. A. eleven B. thirteen C. seven D. nine

B. thirteen

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Book: Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of judicial review, an important addition to the system of "checks and balances"./ In Marbury v. Madison, decided in 1803, the Supreme Court, for the first time, struck down an act of Congress as unconstitutional. This decision created the doctrine of judicial review and set up the Supreme Court of the United States as chief interpreter of the Constitution.

During the debate over ratification of the Constitution, what objections did the Anti-Federalists raise? Multiple select question. A. The new Constitution actually lacked a centralized government B. The Constitution failed to grant taxing power to the national government. C. Too much power was being taken from the states and given to the national government. D. The Constitution lacked a bill of rights.

C. Too much power was being taken from the states and given to the national government. D. The Constitution lacked a bill of rights.

The mechanism by which political authority is divided between national government and the states is ______. Multiple choice question. A. separated institutions B. the Bill of Rights C. federalism D. judicial review

C. federalism

The principle of ________ nd __________ is designed to prevet a branch of the government from exceeding its constitutional powers

Checks nd Balances

What were the goals of the framers of the Constitution? (More than one option may be correct.) Multiple select question. Creating a national government that could meet the nation's defense needs Preserving the states as governing entities Dividing power between the national government and the states Giving the president the same level of power as the British monarchy

Creating a national government that could meet the nation's defense needs Preserving the states as governing entities Dividing power between the national government and the states

the farmers goal of a government that would not threaten liberty was to be accomplished by______. A. Federalism B. substantial grants of power to the federal government C. Provisions for the direct and indirect election of public officals D. An elaborate system of checks and balances

D. An elaborate system of checks and balances

What was the central question that led to establishing judicial review? Multiple choice question. A. Why were there no checks on the judicial branch? B. For how long would a law be enforceable? C. Who would make sure that the courts did not misinterpret the law? D. Who was to decide whether officials were operating within the limits of their constitutional powers?

D. Who was to decide whether officials were operating within the limits of their constitutional powers?

The framers' goal of a government that would not threaten liberty was to be accomplished by Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. provisions for the direct and indirect election of public officials B. substantial grants of power to the C.federal government federalism D. an elaborate system of checks and balances

D. an elaborate system of checks and balances

A government that is subject to strict legal constraints on the uses of power so as not to threaten the people's liberty is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. A. unlimited government B. representative government C. authoritarian government D. limited government

D. limited government

The agreement of Blank______ states was required to enact legislation under the Articles of Confederation. Multiple choice question. A.eleven B. thirteen C. seven D. nine

D. nine

Which British policy was the main source of dispute for the American colonists? A. refusal to grant property rights B. interference with religious C.practices D. taxation without representation E. imprisonment of local leaders

D. taxation without representation

Which of the following statements describe the terms democracy and republic as understood by the framers of the Constitution? Multiple select question. The government of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority. Democracy and republic are interchangeable terms. The separation of powers is a characteristic of republican government. In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited.

In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited. The separation of powers is a characteristic of republican government. The government of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority.

The tyranny of the _________ refers tothe majority becoming inflamed by a passionate issue or fiery demaagogue and trampling on the rights of the minortity

Majority

When the states drafted new constitutions after the start of the Revolutionary War, Blank______ did not have separation of powers. Its negative experience, in which the all-powerful legislature ignored basic rights and freedoms, proved the necessity of separation. Multiple choice question. Delaware New York Maryland Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

When the states drafted new constitutions after the start of the Revolutionary War, Blank______ did not have separation of powers. Its negative experience, in which the all-powerful legislature ignored basic rights and freedoms, proved the necessity of separation. Multiple choice question. Maryland New York Delaware Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

"By some standards, the American system of today is a model of representative government."Identify the elements of the American system of government that support the given statement. (More than one option may be correct.) Multiple select question. The U.S. system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently. The U.S. system has a stronger link between the electoral majority and the governing majority. The U.S. system uses primary elections, not party organizations, to select party nominees for office. The divided branches of government in the U.S. system increase majority control.

The U.S. system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently. The U.S. system uses primary elections, not party organizations, to select party nominees for office.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. They include rights such as freedom of speech and religion and due process protections (for example, the right to a jury trial) for persons accused of crimes.

constitution

The fundamental law that defines how a government will legitimately operate.

grants of power

The method of limiting the U.S. government by confining its scope of authority to those powers expressly granted in the Constitution.

tyranny of the majority

The potential of a majority to monopolize power for its own gain and to the detriment of minority rights and interests.

judicial review

The power of courts to decide whether a governmental institution has acted within its constitutional powers and, if not, to declare its action null and void.

liberty

The principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on the rights and freedoms of others.

As president, Andrew Jackson implemented much of what Blank______ had foreshadowed. Multiple choice question. John Adams George Washington Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

Who argued that "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse or rest on inference"? Multiple choice question. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

inalienable (natural) rights

Those rights that persons theoretically possessed in the state of nature, prior to the formation of governments. These rights, including those of life, liberty, and property, are considered inherent and as such are inalienable. Since government is established by people, government has the responsibility to preserve these rights.

True or false: Natural rights are defined as those possessed by all people.

True

During the drafting of the U.S. Constitution, Anti-Federalists believed that Blank______. Multiple choice question. a bill of rights for individuals did not belong in the Constitution the national government was going to have excessive power under the Constitution to succeed the Constitution must centralize power previously held by the states the national government would have insufficient power under the Constitution

a bill of rights for individuals did not belong in the Constitution the national government would have insufficient power under the Constitution

What provision had been removed from Jefferson's initial draft of the Declaration of Independence at the insistence of southern states? Multiple choice question. a statement critical of slavery a statement that slavery was a foundational institution of the new nation a declaration that slavery would be outlawed by 1808 a plan to gradually free slaves and compensate owners

a statement critical of slavery

The framers' goal of a government that would not threaten liberty was to be accomplished by Blank______. Multiple choice question. substantial grants of power to the federal government federalism provisions for the direct and indirect election of public officials an elaborate system of checks and balances

an elaborate system of checks and balances

Andrew Jackson believed the public should Blank______. Multiple choice question. have less involvement in government seek out education and wealth in order to participate in government have more faith in their leaders be more fully involved in government

be more fully involved in government

Andrew Jackson believed the public should Blank______. Multiple choice question. have more faith in their leaders seek out education and wealth in order to participate in government have less involvement in government be more fully involved in government

be more fully involved in government

Southern delegates to the Philadelphia convention were determined to Blank______. Multiple choice question. encourage federal oversight of interstate commerce encourage all efforts to promote industrial development in the South ensure that a bicameral legislature was preserved block any attempt to end slavery

block any attempt to end slavery

True or false: The Virginia Plan favored the states with smaller populations

false

True or false: The Virginia Plan favored the states with smaller populations.

false:

Why was there strong support for a bill of rights during the debate over ratification of the Constitution? Multiple choice question. concern that the presidency would turn into a dictatorship worry that the judiciary would fail to protect people's rights fear that the state governments would not respect people's rights fear that the national government would not respect people's rights

fear that the national government would not respect people's rights

The mechanism by which political authority is divided between national government and the states is ______. Multiple choice question. the Bill of Rights separated institutions federalism judicial review

federalism

What tax policies did the South fear as the negotiations began that eventually resulted in the Three-Fifths Compromise? (More than one option may be correct.) Multiple select question. heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe a tax of any kind on the importation of slaves heavy taxes on agricultural goods exported from the United States heavy taxes on manufactured goods exported from the United State

heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe a tax of any kind on the importation of slave heavy taxes on manufactured goods exported from the United State

What tax policies did the South fear as the negotiations began that eventually resulted in the Three-Fifths Compromise? (More than one option may be correct.) Multiple select question. heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe heavy taxes on manufactured goods exported from the United States heavy taxes on agricultural goods exported from the United States a tax of any kind on the importation of slaves

heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe heavy taxes on agricultural goods exported from the United States a tax of any kind on the importation of slaves

In the Electoral College, each state has electors equal to Blank______. Multiple choice question. a fixed proportion of its population. the number of its representatives in the House its representation in Congress a subset of its wealthiest citizens

its representation in Congress

The principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on the freedom and well-being of others, is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. republicanism liberty democracy justice

liberty

The tyranny of the ____________ refers to the potential of the majority becoming inflmed by a passionate issue or fiery demagogue and trampling on the right of the minortity.

majority

The branches of the federal government that check one another's power and balance the other branches' powers include Blank______. Multiple select question. the judicial state governments the bureaucracy the executive the legislative

the executive the legislative the judicial

Following the French and Indian War, Britain for the first time imposed what on the colonies? Multiple choice question. the implementation of heavy taxation the suspension of habeus corpus the suspension of the right to trial by jury the dissolution of elected assemblies

the implementation of heavy taxation

In a majority of the state conventions to ratify the Constitution (8 of 13), it was claimed that Blank______ would have the power to nullify actions that violated the Constitution. Multiple choice question. the Senate the executive the House the judiciary

the judiciary

In a majority of the state conventions to ratify the Constitution (8 of 13), it was claimed that Blank______ would have the power to nullify actions that violated the Constitution. Multiple choice question. the judiciary the House the Senate the executive

the judiciary

The branches of the federal government that check one another's power and balance the other branches' powers include Blank______. Select ALL that apply. the bureaucracy the legislative the executive the judicial state governments

the legislative the executive the judicial

The Bill of Rights limited the power of Blank______. Multiple choice question. local governments the national government the states members of Congress in particular

the national government

During the drafting of the U.S. Constitution, Anti-Federalists believed that Blank______. Multiple choice question. the national government would have insufficient power under the Constitution the national government was going to have excessive power under the Constitution a bill of rights for individuals did not belong in the Constitution to succeed the Constitution must centralize power previously held by the states

the national government was going to have excessive power under the Constitution

The framers tried to balance the need to give people a voice in their government against the need to prevent Blank______. Multiple choice question. elitists gaining control the abolition of slavery the tyranny of the majority a separation of powers

the tyranny of the majority

Who among the following felt threatened by Shays' Rebellion? Multiple choice question. slaves farmers the wealthy soldiers

the wealthy

Americans' personal freedom at the time the Constitution was being created is best characterized as Blank______. Multiple choice question. roughly equal to that in most of Europe roughly equal to that in England unparalleled significantly restricted by state governments

unparalleled

Americans' personal freedom at the time the Constitution was being created is best characterized as Blank______. Multiple choice question. significantly restricted by state governments roughly equal to that in England unparalleled roughly equal to that in most of Europe

unparalleled

The American Revolution was partly a rebellion against Britain's failure to Blank______. Multiple choice question. grant colonists the "rights of Englishmen" extend its absolute monarchy to the colonies allow colonies to have representative assemblies uphold colonial traditions of self-government

uphold colonial traditions of self-government

Which of the following methods of electing the president were considered by the delegates to the constitutional convention? Multiple select question. vote by the Supreme Court vote of Congress direct election by the people vote by the members of the Senate only vote by state legislatures

vote of Congress direct election by the people vote by state legislatures