Ch 2 Research Questions, Hypothesis, and Clincial Quesitons

variable

a defined concept

what is the purpose of including a summary of the theoretical and scientific background of a study in a research report?

to inform the reader about how the research question was developed

research question

a key preliminary step wherein the foundation for a study is developed from the research problem and results in the research hypothesis.

what is a characteristic of a statistical hypothesis?

a null hypothesis

hypothesis

a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

the criteria used to judge the soundness of a stated research question include what? (select all that apply)

a relationship b/w two or more variables, the nature of the population being tested, and the possibility of empirical testing.

research hypothesis

a statement about the expected relationship between the variables; also known as scientific hypothesis

population

a well-defined set that has certain specified properties

during the research process, a hypothesis should be developed by the researcher at what point?

after development of the research question

the nurse developed the following hypothesis: elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for breast cancer than do younger women. Which variable would be considered the dependent variable?

degree of tx recieve.

the nurse researcher writes the research question, "what was it like to be diagnosed with breast cancer?" this is considered to be which type of research question?

grounded theory qualitative

which statement is most accurate regarding hypotheses?

hypotheses are statements about the relationships among variables

which statement about hypotheses is most accurate?

hypotheses help frame a test of the validity of a theory.

a research question can be converted into a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome through the use of what?

hypothesis

directional hypothesis

hypothesis that specifies the expected direction of the relationship b/w independent or experimental variable on the outcome.

dependent variable

in experimental studies, the presumed effect of the independent variable or experimental variable on the outcome. can be measured.

nondirectional hypothesis

indicates the existence of a relationship b/w the variables but doesnt specify the anticipated direction of the relationship.

complex hypothesis

it contains more than one independent or dependent variable; its difficult to unequivocally that the hypothesis is supported or not supported.

what is a characteristic of a hypothesis?

it implies a causative or associative relationship

which is a characteristic of an independent variable?

it is manipulated by the researcher

what is a characteristic of a directional hypothesis?

it specifies the expected relationship b/w dependent and independent variables

the nurse researcher is participating in a quasi-experimental study. which level is characteristic of the strength of the evidence provided by the results of such a study?

level 3

a nurse wants to study the effectiveness of meditation for people with anxiety disorder. Which variable would be most relevant to explore in the literature on the topic?

meditation techniques found to be effective

the nurse researcher is writing a clinical question. what do elements of such a question include? (select all that apply)

population, intervention, outcome, and comparison

theory

set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena for the purpose of explaining and making prepurpose of explaining and making predirections about those phenomena.

statistical hypothesis

states that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The statistical hypothesis also is known as the null hypothesis.

purpose

that which encompasses the aims or objectives the investigator hopes to achieve with the research, not the question to be answered.

which research hypothesis is most testable?

the ability to meditate causes lower anxiety in pts with anxiety disorder than whose who do not meditate

independent variable

the antecedent or the variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable.

clinical question

the first step in development of an EBP project.

which hypothesis is indicative of an experimental research design? (select all that apply)

the incidence of UTI will be greater in pts whose foley catheters are irrigated frequently than in those foley catheters irrigated less frequently. the incidence of UTI will not differ b/w pt with or without foley catheters.

the nurse participating in a research project recognizes that the advantages to using directional hypotheses include what? (select all that apply)

the indication of the use of a theory base to derive the hypothesis, and the provision of a specific theoretical frame of reference.

the criteria used to determine testability of a hypothesis include what? (select all that apply)

use of quantifiable words such as greater than or lesser than, a hypothesis stated in such a way that it can be clearly supported or not supported.

testability

variables of proposed study that lend themselves to observation, measurement, and analysis.

when should the nurse researcher reject the null statement?

when the independent and dependent variables are related.