Ch. 21 Organization of the body

Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs?

Epithelial

The pelvic cavity contains the ____

Reproductive organs

The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms?

Superior

The thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominal cavity

Superior

Which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes?

nucleus

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is ___

osmosis

Water moves toward a high concentration of solutes by _____

osmosis

The inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine results in ____ which, if not detected early, can cause irreversible organ and brain damage.

phenylketonuria (PKU)

At what pH is a solution neither an acid nor a base?

7

Most of the organs of digestion are found in the ____ cavity

Abdominal

Mrs. Frantello brings her 3 year old son David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. David has rather long face with large ears. The physician orders tests for David to rule out Fragile X Syndrome. While she is in the office, she informs the physician that she is pregnant again. What test would you expect the physician to consider got Mrs. Frantello?

Aminocentesis

Which anatomical position is the nose compared to the ears?

Anterior

Molecules are composed of ____

At least two atoms bonded together

____ release hydroxyl (OH-) ions in water.

Bases

Which of the following is primarily used to make energy?

Carbohydrates

Which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon

Colectomy

Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas?

Cystic fibrosis

The genetic information for the body is located in ____

DNA

Bones are directionally positioned ____ to the skin

Deep

Which anatomical position are the fingers compared to the elbow?

Distal

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal

What is the term for the segment of DNA that determines a body trait?

Gene

Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affect males?

Hemophilia

Vince is a 24 year old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. You check his vital signs and discover that his blood pressure, temp, and respirations are normal. He is 6 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 235 pounds. Which of the following disorders might Vince have?

Klinefelter's Syndrome

What is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body?

Lateral

Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?

Sagittal

Which term means rapid breathing?

Tachypnea

Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions?

Transverse

Which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water?

acids (H+)

Carrier molecules help move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by _____

active transport

The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is ______

albinism

The position toward the front of the body is ____

anterior

The knees are positioned ____ to the hips

caudal (inferior)

Which of the following is made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates and is very thin and selectively permeable?

cell membrane

Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structure such as the ears and nose.

connective

In which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix?

connective

The _____ of a cell is mostly water, ions, and nutrients and contains organelles that perform many functions.

cytoplasm

Substances "spread out" by ___

diffusion

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane is _______

diffusion

The brain is ____ to the nose

dorsal

When put in water, _______ release positively or negatively charged ions

electrolytes

Glandular tissue is classified as a type of _____ tissue

epithelial

When some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane, it is called _____

filtration

When positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called _____

ions

Triglycerides that are used to store energy for cells are one form of ____

lipid

During mitosis, the nucleus ____

makes a complete copy of each pair of chromosomes.

The position closest to the midline of the body is ____

medial

What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body?

metabolism

The ____ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves

midsagittal

Which of these tissues can be voluntary or involuntary in its action?

muscle

Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax?

muscle

What type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages?

nervous

Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord?

nervous

What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root

prefix

Which substances are the structural materials for building body parts?

proteins

The elbow is ___ to the wrist

proximal

Which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body

proximal

In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is..

standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward.

In the anatomical position, the body is...

standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the _____

suffix

In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles?

superficial

The cardiovascular system is..

two or more organs working toward the same goal.