Ch. 21 Organization of the body
Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs?
Epithelial
The pelvic cavity contains the ____
Reproductive organs
The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms?
Superior
The thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominal cavity
Superior
Which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes?
nucleus
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is ___
osmosis
Water moves toward a high concentration of solutes by _____
osmosis
The inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine results in ____ which, if not detected early, can cause irreversible organ and brain damage.
phenylketonuria (PKU)
At what pH is a solution neither an acid nor a base?
7
Most of the organs of digestion are found in the ____ cavity
Abdominal
Mrs. Frantello brings her 3 year old son David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. David has rather long face with large ears. The physician orders tests for David to rule out Fragile X Syndrome. While she is in the office, she informs the physician that she is pregnant again. What test would you expect the physician to consider got Mrs. Frantello?
Aminocentesis
Which anatomical position is the nose compared to the ears?
Anterior
Molecules are composed of ____
At least two atoms bonded together
____ release hydroxyl (OH-) ions in water.
Bases
Which of the following is primarily used to make energy?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon
Colectomy
Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas?
Cystic fibrosis
The genetic information for the body is located in ____
DNA
Bones are directionally positioned ____ to the skin
Deep
Which anatomical position are the fingers compared to the elbow?
Distal
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
Frontal
What is the term for the segment of DNA that determines a body trait?
Gene
Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affect males?
Hemophilia
Vince is a 24 year old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. You check his vital signs and discover that his blood pressure, temp, and respirations are normal. He is 6 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 235 pounds. Which of the following disorders might Vince have?
Klinefelter's Syndrome
What is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body?
Lateral
Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?
Sagittal
Which term means rapid breathing?
Tachypnea
Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions?
Transverse
Which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water?
acids (H+)
Carrier molecules help move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by _____
active transport
The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is ______
albinism
The position toward the front of the body is ____
anterior
The knees are positioned ____ to the hips
caudal (inferior)
Which of the following is made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates and is very thin and selectively permeable?
cell membrane
Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structure such as the ears and nose.
connective
In which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix?
connective
The _____ of a cell is mostly water, ions, and nutrients and contains organelles that perform many functions.
cytoplasm
Substances "spread out" by ___
diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane is _______
diffusion
The brain is ____ to the nose
dorsal
When put in water, _______ release positively or negatively charged ions
electrolytes
Glandular tissue is classified as a type of _____ tissue
epithelial
When some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane, it is called _____
filtration
When positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called _____
ions
Triglycerides that are used to store energy for cells are one form of ____
lipid
During mitosis, the nucleus ____
makes a complete copy of each pair of chromosomes.
The position closest to the midline of the body is ____
medial
What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body?
metabolism
The ____ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves
midsagittal
Which of these tissues can be voluntary or involuntary in its action?
muscle
Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax?
muscle
What type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages?
nervous
Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord?
nervous
What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root
prefix
Which substances are the structural materials for building body parts?
proteins
The elbow is ___ to the wrist
proximal
Which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body
proximal
In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is..
standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward.
In the anatomical position, the body is...
standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the _____
suffix
In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles?
superficial
The cardiovascular system is..
two or more organs working toward the same goal.