Ch # 21 The Immune system study guide

What is compliment?

1. 20 proteins that circulate in blood (in active form). 2. Causes bacterial lysis. 3. Promote phagocytosis by marking bacteria.

What are the differences between a specific and nonspecific immune responses?

1. Adaptive (specific) has 2 lines of defense. Externalbody membrane and Antimicrobial protein phagocytes. 2. Innate (non-specific) Humoral immunity and cells. T cell cellular immunity.

Learn the components of the first, second and third lines of defense.

1. External body membrane. 2. Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, NIC, inflamation and fever. 3. B cells and T cells.

What are haptens?

1. Incomplete antigens 2. Small molecules 3. Immunogenic when attached to body proteins.

What are complete antigens?

1. Large complex molecules. 2. Stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. 3. React with antibodies.

What are the functions of the inflammatory response?

1. Prevents the spread of damaging agents. 2. Disposes of cell debris and pathogens. 3. Sets the stage for repair.

What defensive mechanisms are used by antibodies?

1. neutralization 2. Agglutination 3. Precipitation. 4. Complement fixation. 5. Enhances phagocytosis and inflammation.

What is inflammation?

2nd line of defense, redness, heat, swelling, pain, impairment functions.

What are the two types of humoral immunity?

Active: Response to antigense infection or vaccine. Passive: Delivered of antibodies.

What are the four varieties or organ transplant?

Autograpph: From one body site to another same person Isografts: Between identical twins Allografts: Between individuals who are not identical Xenografts: From another animal species.

Learn the characteristics of T and B lymphocytes.

B Cells: Mature in red bone marrow humoral antibody produce antibodies, diff into plasma cells. T Cells: Mature in the thymus, helper cell and cytooxic cells, cell mediated immunity.

B lympocytes develop immunocompetence in the?

B cells in the bone marrow T cells in the thymus

Which one type of cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

B cells-plasma cells-antibodies.

What are major types of cells important in cell mediated immunity?

CD4: helper cells TH (enhance immune response) CD8: Cytotxic TC (Destroys infected cells or foreign cells).

What is immunodeficiency? Learn the examples of the immunodeficiency covered in this chapter.

Congenital or acquired condition that cause immune cells phagocytes or compliment behave abnormally. (SCID) both B and T cells with genetic defect. Hodgkins Disease: cancer of B cells Aids: Virus destroys TH cells.

What is an autoimmune disease?

Immune system loses the ability to distinguish self from foreign. Example: MS, Dm 2, RA, Myasthnica gravis,

What is an antibody? Learn the structure of an antibodies?

Immunoglobulin, Gamma globulin can bind with antigen.

Learn the differences between the primary and secondary immune responses.

Primary: first exposure lag period 3-6 days, antibody peak 10 days antibody level low. Second re-exposure lag period 4 hrs, peak 2/3 days antibody level high.

What is immunity? What are two types of immunity?

Resistance to disease. 1. Innate (non-specific) 2. Adaptive (specific)

Learn the types of active and passive immunity?

See question 17

What is adaptive defense? What are the two parts of the adaptive defense.

Specific defense 1. Humoral 2. Cell mediated.

What is fever? How does the fever generate?

Systemic response to infection. Regulated by chemicals (pyrogens) that reset the body thermostat upward.

What is cell-mediated immunity?

T cells provide defense, T helper cells are the most critical.

What is immunocompetence?

The ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigens.

The redness and heat of an inflamed area due to a local hypermia caused by

Vasodilation.