CH 22 Mastering
chemotaxis of phagocytes
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except
interleukins
Hormones that regulate the activity of B cells and T cells and enhance nonspecific defense are called
T cells
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of
IgD
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are
IgG
Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are
IgE
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
IgM
Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are
bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface
In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must
production of antibodies
Innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
subclavian veins
Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the
Phagocytic antigen-presenting cells engulf pathogens. Antigen fragments appear on the antigen-presenting cell's surface. Antigens are digested.
Steps in antigen presentation include which of these?
glucocorticoids
Stress suppresses the immune response through the action of __________.
cytotoxic T
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.
B
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.
plasma
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.
NK
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
inhibition of the immune response
The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except
phagocytes
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
transports gases to and away from lymph nodes
The lymphatic system does all of the following except
lymph nodes
The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is
defending the body against both external and internal threats.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
agglutination
The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called
opsonization
The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called
valves
What feature do lymphatic vessels share with veins that allows lymph to flow in only one direction?
cytotoxic T
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
helper T
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
class II MHC proteins
Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?
helper T
Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?
CD8 cells
Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?
increased interferon activity
Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucocorticoid secretion on the effectiveness of the immune response?
all nucleated cells
Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?
allergens
antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called
interfere with viral replication
interferons
remove excess nutrients from the lymph
lymph nodes do all of the following except
complement
Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except
provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.
Helper T cells do all of the following except
antigen
A substance that provokes an immune response is called an
present at birth
All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except
mast cells release histamine and heparin
An inflammatory response is triggered when
helper T cells
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of
helper T
Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells.
CD8
Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?
antigen-presenting cells
Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?