CH 22 Mastering

chemotaxis of phagocytes

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except

interleukins

Hormones that regulate the activity of B cells and T cells and enhance nonspecific defense are called

T cells

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

IgD

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are

IgG

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgE

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgM

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

production of antibodies

Innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

subclavian veins

Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the

Phagocytic antigen-presenting cells engulf pathogens. Antigen fragments appear on the antigen-presenting cell's surface. Antigens are digested.

Steps in antigen presentation include which of these?

glucocorticoids

Stress suppresses the immune response through the action of __________.

cytotoxic T

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

B

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.

plasma

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.

NK

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

inhibition of the immune response

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except

phagocytes

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes

The lymphatic system does all of the following except

lymph nodes

The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is

defending the body against both external and internal threats.

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

agglutination

The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called

opsonization

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called

valves

What feature do lymphatic vessels share with veins that allows lymph to flow in only one direction?

cytotoxic T

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.

helper T

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.

class II MHC proteins

Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

helper T

Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?

CD8 cells

Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?

increased interferon activity

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucocorticoid secretion on the effectiveness of the immune response?

all nucleated cells

Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?

allergens

antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called

interfere with viral replication

interferons

remove excess nutrients from the lymph

lymph nodes do all of the following except

complement

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

Helper T cells do all of the following except

antigen

A substance that provokes an immune response is called an

present at birth

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except

mast cells release histamine and heparin

An inflammatory response is triggered when

helper T cells

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

helper T

Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells.

CD8

Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

antigen-presenting cells

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?