Ch. 22 Nutrition and Digestion Quiz

When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice, the result is_____.

a gastric ulcer

An digestive tube is best defined as______.

a tube-shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction.

Absorption of water is one major function of which of the following structures?

colon

Which of the following nutrients begins undergoing digestion only when it reaches the small intestine?

fat

Someone with liver failure will, in particular, have problems with the digestion and absorption of______.

fats

Bile from the liver is stored in the_______ before entering the intestine.

gallbladder

The epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that increase the area of absorption. These projections are called_____.

microvilli

Which portion of the digestive tract is specialized for absorption of the nutrients?

small intestine

Most humans need about ____ kcal per day

1,300-1,800

What is the epiglottis?

A flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing

_____ is the direct source of energy for cells.

ATP

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

It produces digestive enzymes and neutralize stomach acids

What helps prevent gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?

Mucus coating the inside surface of the stomach

What is the usual cause of heartburn?

The backflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus

The main function of salivary amylase is to______.

break down starch

Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones?

calcium

Certain amino acids are called essential because they______.

cannot be made by the body from other compounds

What is a example of mechanical digestion?

chewing

Before fats can be digested by enzymes, what substance is needed?

chyme

The four stages of food processing are (in order):

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

The stomach's gastric glands secrete______.

mucus, digestive enzymes, and hydrochloric acid

The organs of the alimentary canal in correct order:

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Vitamins are____.

organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts

Digestion is______.

the breakdown of food into small nutrient molecules that the body can absorb.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?

the several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum