CH 22 P1

When Jan traces the aorta from the heart into the groin area, she finds that it is given multiple names. Why is this?

It allows for accurate descriptions of the location of the vessel at any given point.

A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the externa of very large blood vessels.

vasa vasorum

The walls of veins are thinner than those of corresponding arteries, because ________.

veins contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers

An anatomy student is examining a blood vessel on a microscope slide and sees that there are only two layers to the vessel wall and that there are no smooth muscle cells. The student must be looking at a __________.

venule

Which type of blood vessel lacks a muscular layer?

venules

Which vessels collect blood from capillaries?

venules

Most of the blood in the body at any given moment is found in the __________.

venules and medium-sized veins

Arteries and veins often make anastomotic connections that reduce the impact of a temporary or even permanent occlusion (blockage) of a single vessel.

True

Because the walls of arteries are relatively thick and strong, they retain their circular shape in histological sections.

True

The pulmonary circuit __________.

contains less than 10 percent of the total blood volume at any given time

Which of the following diffuses across the endothelial cells in a capillary?

gases

Muscular arteries ________.

have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them

In comparison to arteries, veins __________.

have valves in medium-sized veins to transport blood in one direction

Blood vessels are usually found in matching left and right sides EXCEPT near the __________.

heart

Pulmonary veins enter which chamber of the heart?

left atrium

Most of the visible, named arteries are ________.

muscular arteries

The pulmonary veins carry __________.

oxygenated blood to the heart

The ________ is composed of arteries and veins that transport blood between the heart and the lungs.

pulmonary circuit

In the pulmonary circuit, blood enters the pulmonary trunk directly from the ________.

right ventricle

Metarterioles consist of which of the following?

smooth muscle

Collagen fibers in the tunica adventitia __________.

strengthen the blood vessel wall to help prevent it from being damaged

Moving from the aorta to the capillaries, __________.

the diameter of the vessels decreases, whereas the number of vessels increases

What is the function of the valves within the veins?

to prevent the backflow of blood away from the heart

As the pulmonary trunk curves over the superior border of the heart, it gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries.

true

Very large blood vessels require their own blood supply, and this is provided by a network of small arteries called the vasa vasorum.

true

Which number represents the layer of the blood vessel wall that contains mostly smooth muscle?

2

The venous system normally contains ________ of the blood volume (roughly 3.5L of whole blood).

65-70%

Which number represents the blood vessel most capable of absorbing high blood pressure?

7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between the walls of arteries and veins?

Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers than veins have.

Which statement regarding the pulmonary circuit is TRUE?

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.

If you were looking at cross-sections of two blood vessels of relatively the same diameter on a microscope slide, what features could you use to distinguish arteries from veins?

The artery wall is thicker with more smooth muscle, but the lumen is narrower.

Which of the following statements is true?

The farther away the blood vessel is from the heart, the smaller the diameter it has.

Which of the following applies to elastic arteries?

The media of these arteries contains a high density of elastic fibers and relatively few smooth muscle cells.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the histological organization of blood vessels' walls?

The wall is composed of an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue, a middle layer with sheets of smooth muscle and an elastic framework, and a thin, smooth epithelial inner layer bound to areolar tissue.

The outermost layer of a blood vessel, which is very thick and composed chiefly of collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers, is the ________.

adventitia

Which of the following is best adapted to dealing with pulses of high blood pressure?

elastic arteries

When an artery constricts, the ________ is thrown into folds that give arterial sections a pleated appearance. When an artery constricts, the ________ is thrown into folds that give arterial sections a pleated appearance.

endothelium

Which of the following is TRUE of an artery?

endothelium of the intima

In places such as the kidneys, where solutes from the blood need to be filtered into the urine, which of the following vessels can be found?

fenestrated capillaries