Ch. 28 Patho Questions (Exam 4)
The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in
a 70-year-old patient with heart failure
Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by
decreased secretion of erythropoietin
The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n)
elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes
erythropoietin administration
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes
fluid administration
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by
fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance
The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is
hyperkalemia
Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of
hyperparathyroidism
One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is
hypertension
A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is
increased serum creatinine
At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include
initiation of dialysis
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
insufficient erythropoietin
The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
insufficient metabolic acid excretion due to nephron loss
One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is
ischemic conditions
The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is
oliguria
If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience
polyuria and sodium wasting
The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves
regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium
The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is
sepsis
The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is
serum creatinine
Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by
severe hypotension
Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because
they are deficient in active vitamin D
The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.
tubular
What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?
uremia
Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?
ACE inhibitors
he most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is
contrast media
A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because
GFR declines
Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by
bilateral kidney stones