Ch. 28 Patho Questions (Exam 4)

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

a 70-year-old patient with heart failure

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

decreased secretion of erythropoietin

The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n)

elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

erythropoietin administration

Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes

fluid administration

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

hyperkalemia

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

hyperparathyroidism

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is

hypertension

A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is

increased serum creatinine

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include

initiation of dialysis

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

insufficient erythropoietin

The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

insufficient metabolic acid excretion due to nephron loss

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

ischemic conditions

The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is

oliguria

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

polyuria and sodium wasting

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

sepsis

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is

serum creatinine

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

severe hypotension

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

they are deficient in active vitamin D

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

tubular

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?

uremia

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

ACE inhibitors

he most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

contrast media

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because

GFR declines

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

bilateral kidney stones