CH. 3 Cell Structure and Function

selectively permeable

"Some molecules pass" best describes the property of ___________ _________.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

"Studded with ribosomes" is a phrase which best describes _____ ___________ _________.

ligands

A _______ produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of receptor.

phosopholipid

A ______________ is composed of a polar head and a non-polar tail.

vesicle

A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a _______.

receptor

A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response is called a ________.

hypotonic

A solution that is _________.

exocytosis

A vesicle fuses to the cell membrane and its contents leave the cell describes what?

transport protein

Cells use active _________ _______ to obtain molecules they need.

organelles

Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called __________.

All existing cells are made from living cells.

The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and _____________________________________________.

concentration gradient

The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a _____________ ________.

facilitated diffusion

The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins in the cell membrane is a type of ___________ _________.

nucleus

Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have a _______.

hypotonic

Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is _________.

osmosis

What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?

cytoplasm

What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?

cytoskeleton

What makes a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell?

Golgi body

What organelle's main function is to process and deliver proteins?

cell wall & chloroplasts

What two things do plant cells have that animals cells do not have?

microscope

Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?

fluid mosaic model

Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane?

ribosomes

Which organelle can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?

lysosome

Which organelle contains enzymes that break down damaged cell parts?

nucleus

Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?

lysosomes

Which organelles are involved in defending a cell against viruses?

vesicles

Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?

mitochondria

Which organelles supply energy to the cell?

exocytosis

Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?

photosynthesis

Which process occurs inside the chloroplasts?

active transport

Which process uses proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient?

Passive

_______ transport requires no energy from the cell.