Ch 3

get function

-Inputs next character (including whitespace) -Stores in memory location indicated by its argument (parameter) Syntax: cin.get (varChar); varChar is any character value

If...else

If the possible range of values for a multiple selection statement can't be reduced to a finite set of values, you must use the _____ structure

scientific notation

In c++, the default output of floating point numbers is

Scientific

The manipulator _____ is used to output floating point numbers in scientific format

unary

The operator ! is_____ so it only has one operant

Setfill

The output stream variables can use the manipulator ____ to fill the unused columns with a character other than a space. ) Ex: cout << setfill ('#')

input failure

The result of trying to read invalid data. (Ex: entering a char into an int)

cassert

The specification of the assert function is found in the header file ____.

Integral

The value of the expression in a switch statement must be a

getline

To read a string containing blanks, you can use function _____

iomanip

To use a parmeterized stream manipulator in c++, you must use

-function name -number of parameters required -type of each parameter -what the function will do

To use a predefined function, you need appropriate header file and know:

dot notation

Used to separate a input stream variable name from its member/function name

istream

Variables of type ____ are called input stream variables.

With parameters and without parameters

What are the two type of manipulators.

showpoint manipulator

forces output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros

setprecision manipulator

formats the output of floating-point numbers to a specified number of decimal places. Requires header file iomanip Syntax: setprecision (n)

member access operator

the dot operator in C++

fail state

the state an input stream enters after input failure in which all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored

break statement

A statement that terminates a loop or switch statement.

I/O functions are typically called ____ member functions

Stream

equality operator

==

File

A ____ is an area in secondary storage used to hold information

Function parameters

Another name for function arguments

Evaluates a logical expression

Any non zero is treated as true when

ignore function

Discards a portion of the input Syntax: cin.ignore (intExp, chExp); If intExp is value m, then it ignores the next m characters or all until character specified by chExp

logical operators

Enable you to combine logical expressions

(cin)

Given the input stream variable cin, the ex press ion ____ evaluates to true if the last input succeeded.

! Operator

Has the highest order of precedence

pow

Has two parameters. Using header file cmath. Syntax pow (x, y) = x^y.

-expression is evaluated -value is printed -manipulator is used to format output (ex; endl)

How does cout work

-output is right justified -unused columns are filled with spaces

If a number of columns exceeds number of columns required, then:

Cout statements

Logic errors are not caught, so what can you use to spot and correct it?

Compound statement

Permits more than one statement to execute if an expression evaluates to true

putback function

Places previous character extracted by the get function from an input stream back to that stream Syntax: istreamVar.putback (ch);

peek function

Returns next character from the input stream Does not remove the character from that stream Syntax: ch = istreamVar.peek ( );

Digit separator

Single quote can be used to separate digits of a number (can't use commas). Ex; 87'523

conditional

The ____ operator written as ?: is a ternary operator

setw

The _____ manipulator controls the output of only the next expression. Outputs value in a specified number of columns. Uses iomanip.

Two

The extraction operant takes ____ operands.

ifstream

The fstream header file contains the definitions of two data types: _____ and ofstream.

Compiler

What reports syntax errors?

Int or bool

What variables can you use to store value of logical expression

0

When using a return statement, the return of a value other than ____ indicates something went wrong

unsetf

You can disable a manipulator by using the stream function ____________________.

#define NDEBUG

You can disable assert statements by using the preprocessor directive ____.

main

_____ executes when a program is called. Other functions only execute when called.

function call

a command that executes the code within a function. Ex: pow (2, 3)

Input stream

a sequence of characters from an input device to the computer

Extraction operator >>

binary, used with cin, left side operant is an input stream, right side operant is a variable. Skips white space when scanning. cin >> variable

What are some of the reserved words in C ++

break, case, default NOT SELECT

left manipulator

causes subsequent output to be left justified

cin

common input

Manipulators without parameters requiring iostream

endl, fixed, scientific, showpoint, left

ostream

output stream. Found in iostream header file.

fixed manipulator

outputs floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format

short circuit evaluation

process in which the computer evaluates a logical expression from left to right and stops as soon as the value of the expression is known.

getline function

reads characters entered at the keyboard until it encounters the delimiter character.

clear function

restores the input stream to a working state Syntax: istreamVar.clear ( );

Parameterized stream manipulators requiring iomanip

setprecision, setw, setfill